Grades of Concrete Ratios of Concrete mix design (Cement:Sand:Aggregate)

M5 1:5:10

M7.5 1:4:8

M10 1:3:6

M15 1:2:4

M20 1:1.5:3

M25 1:1:2

M30 1:0.75:1.5

M35 1:0.5:1

M40 1:0.25:0.5

M15 (beams and slabs) and M20 ( columns ) grades of concrete

https://everydaycalculation.com/concrete.php
 Let’s calculate material required for M20 grade to prepare one cubic meter concrete.
Cement sand and aggregate ratio for M20 grade concrete is 1:1.5:3

 Cement = 1 Part
 Sand = 1.5 Part
 Aggregate = 3 Part
 Total Parts = 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5
 Total Material Required per cubic meter of concrete= 1.55

Volume of 1 part = (1 / 5.5) x 1.55

= 0.282 cu.m

Volume of cement = Ratio x1 part

= 1 x 0.282

= 0.282 cu.m

Volume of sand = Ratio x 1 part

= 1.5 x 0.282

= 0.423 cu.m

Volume of aggregate = Ratio x 1 part

= 3 x 0.282

= 0.846 cu.m

Consider for 1CUM of concrete is to be prepare ,For that M15 is a nominal mix, its
proportion is 1:2:4

for 1cum of final mix(Dence) is required, 1.50 to 1.55 Cum of loose ingredients
with the required proportion we want to add.

Based on that take avg of 1.50 & 1.55 is 1.52

Total proportion = 1+2+4 = 7

For Cement Qty = 1.52/7=0.217 Cum of cement required to prepare 1Cum of M15
concrete.But cement is always taken in Weight.For that the unit weight of cement
is 1440 KG/Cum

Total cement required = 0.217x1440= 312.68 Kgs.

Sand = 0.217 x 2 =0.434 Cum

Metal or Aggregate = 0.217 x 4 =0.868 Cum.

The following are the materials required to produce 1 Cum of Concrete of a given Nominal Mix
Proportion

Aggregate (in
Grade of Concrete Nominal Proportion Cement (bag)/cum Sand (in cft) cft)

M15 1:3:6 4.5 16.04 32.07

M20 1:2:4 6 14.98 29.96

M25 1:1.75:3.5 6.75 14.75 29.14

M30 1:1.5:3 7.5 14.06 28.11

Incase you want to convert the requirement of Sand and Aggregate in Cum; 1 Cum = 35.31 Cft

Step-1: Calculate Volume Of Materials Required

Density of Cement = 1440 kg/cum (Approx)

Volume of 1 Kg of Cement = 1/1440 = 0.000694 cum

Volume of 01 bag (50 kg) of cement = 50 X 0.000694 = 0.035 cubic meter (cum)

Since we know the ratio of cement to sand (1:2) and cement to aggregate (1:4)

Volume of Sand required would be = 0.035*2 = 0.07 cubic meter (cum)

Volume of Aggregate required would be = 0.035*4 = 0.14 cubic meter (cum)

tep-2: Convert Volume Requirement To Weights

To convert Sand volume into weight we assume, we need the dry loose bulk density (DLBD). This
density for practical purposes has to be determined at site for arriving at the exact quantities. We can
also assume the following dry loose bulk densities for calculation.
DLBD of Sand = 1600 kgs/cum

DLBD of Aggregate = 1450 Kgs/Cum

So, Sand required = 0.072*1600 = 115 kgs

and Aggregate required = 0.144*1450 = 209 kgs
Considering water/cement (W/C) ratio of 0.55

We can also arrive at the Water required = 50*0.55 = 27.5 kg

So, One bag of cement (50 Kgs) has to be mixed with 115 kgs of Sand, 209 Kgs of aggregate
and 27.5 kgs of water to produce M20 grade concrete.

Cement Sand Aggregate Water

1 bag (50kg) 115 Kgs 209 Kgs 27.5 Kgs

Step-3: Calculate Material Requirement For Producing 1 Cum Concrete

From the above calculation, we have already got the weights of individual ingredients in concrete.

So, the weight of concrete produced with 1 Bag of cement (50 Kgs) =50 kg + 115 kg + 209 kg + 27.5
kg = 401.5 kg ~ 400 kgs

Considering concrete density = 2400 kg/cum,

One bag of cement and other ingredients can produce = 400/2400 = 0.167 Cum of concrete (1:2:4)

01 bag cement yield = 0.167 cum concrete with a proportion of 1:2:4

01 cum of concrete will require

Cement required = 1/0.167 = 5.98 Bags ~ 6 Bags

Sand required = 115/0.167 = 688 Kgs or 14.98 cft

Aggregate required = 209/0.167 = 1251 kgs or 29.96 cft

Method-2:

Empirical Method To Determine Material Requirement For Nominal Concrete Mix

Although empirical method is easy to use in determining the materials requirement for Nominal
Concrete mix, it sometimes doesn’t give accurate results as it doesn’t take into factor the local
variations in the materials.

Let’s design M20 grade concrete. Ratio for M20 concrete is 1 : 2 : 4

Step-1: Calculate The Volumes Of Material Required In 1 Cum Concrete

The dry volume of concrete mixture is always greater than the wet volume. The ratio of dry volume to
the wet volume of concrete is 1.54.

So 1.54 Cum of dry materials (cement, sand and aggregate) is required to produce 1 Cum of concrete

Volume of Cement required = 1/(1+2+4) X 1.54 = 1/7 X 1.54 = 0.22 Cum

Volume of Sand required = 2/7 X 1.54 = 0.44 Cum or 15.53 cft

Volume of Aggregate required = 4/7 X 1.54 = 0.88 Cum or 31.05 cft

Note: 1 cubic meter = 35.29 cubic feet

Step-2: Calculate The Weights Of Materials Required In 1 Cum Concrete

Density of Cement (loose) = 1440 kgs/cum

So weight of cement required = 1440 X 0.22 = 316.2 Kgs or 6.32 bags

Density of Sand = 1600 Kgs/cum to 1920 Kgs/Cum (sand density varies place to place)

Weight of Sand required = 1600 X 0.44 = 704 kgs

Density of Aggregate = 1450 kgs/cum

Weight of aggregate required = 1450 X 0.88 = 1,276 Kgs

Analysis for M20 Grade of Concrete in detail

M20 = 1:1.5:3 (Ratio)
We know that
In concrete work we have to convert the wet concrete volume to dry concrete volume which can get with multiplying
from 1.54 to 1.57 with the wet volume of concrete
Example : Dry volume of concrete = 1.54 to 1.57 times volume of wet concrete.

So for M20 Grade of Concrete we have ratio = 1+1.5+3

Sum of ratio = 1+1.5+3
So total volume of is 1 cum.
Now change it the 1 cum volume of concrete to dry volume.
so , wet volume of concrete x 1.53
Dry volume of concrete = 1 x 1.57 = 1.57 cu.m
Now find the volume of cement = Volume of cement = (1/5.5) x 1.57 = 0.285 m3
Volume of cement in kg = 0.285 x 1440 = 411 kg where 1440 kg / cu.m
Volume of Sand = Volume of sand Require = (1.5/5.5) x 1.57 = 0.471 m3
Volume of Crush = (3/5.5) x 1.57 = 0.856 m3

Volume of Cement = 0.285 cu.m Or Cement = 8.22 bag Because one bag of Cement is equal to 50 kg.
Volume of Sand = 0.471 cu.m
Volume of Crush =0.856 cu.m
we know that Concrete proportion for M20 is (1:1.5:3)
8 bag of Cement is required for 1cum of concrete work in M20.
1:1:2 (1 part of cement : 1 part Sand: 2 part of CA) is for M25 Grade.

Cement required for this ratio is [1/(1+1+2)]*1.54*1440 = 554 kg/m3

(usually Cement measured in Bags so 554*50= 11 Bags)

(where 1.54 is Dry to wet volume constant, & 1440 is density of cement)

Similarly

For Sand, Just Multiply cement quantity with sand proportion

ie, 554*1 = 554Kg/m3 (usually sand measure in Cft so 554/10.76= 15.7 Cft)

and Coarse aggregate = 554*2 = 1104Kg/m3

(usually coarse Aggregate measure in Cft so 1104/35.28= 31.3 Cft)

https://www.calculator.net/concrete-calculator.html

https://www.diydoctor.org.uk/projects/mixing_concrete.htm

Weight of steel bar per meter = Area of the steel x Density of steel x Bar length
Density of steel 7850Kg/M3
Weight = A x L x ρ

Where,
A = Area = πD²/4
π (pai) = 3.14
D = Diameter of steel bar in millimeter
L = Length of steel bar in meter
ρ (Rho) = Density of steel bar = 7850 kg/m³

Therefore,

W = 3.14 x D²/4 x L x 7850

= (3.14 x D2 /4) x 7850 kg/m3 x 1m

= (D2 x 6162.25)/(1000 x 1000)

= D2 X (0.006162)
= D2 X 1/(0.006162)-1
= D2/162.28

Dia x dia divided by 162.28 (162.28 is a constant Factor)

Weight of steel for 8mm rod = 8x8/162.28 = 0.3944 kg/m

Weight of steel for 8mm rod = 16x16/162.28 = 1.578 kg/m

Standard weight of 1m steel bars:

6mm 0.22kg

8mm 0.39kg

10mm 0.62kg

12mm 0.88kg

16mm 1.58kg

20mm 2.47kg
For MS Flat Bar
For 1-meter length of Mild Steel bar of size 40 mm width and 20 mm breadth

Weight = Volume X Density

= width (mm) X Thickness (mm) X 7.85 Kg/mm3

= (40 X 20) X 0.00785 (converted the 7850 kg/m3 to 0.00785 g/mm3)
= 6.28 Kgs/ meter

Calculating Weight of Steel Bars When Length is in Foot Again,

Weight = A x L x ρ

= 3.14 x D²/(4 x 304.80 x 304.80) x 222

= D²L/533

Where,
D = Diameter of bar in mm (1 foot = 304.80 mm)
ρ (Rho) = 7850 kg/m³ = 222 kg/ft³ (actually it is 222.287 kg/ft³)

Here is a basic calculating guide for your reference:

TMT Size TMT Weight per bundle TMT Rods per bundle

8mm 1 bundle 47.41 kg 10

10mm 1 bundle 51.85 kg 7

12mm 1 bundle 53.33 kg 5

16mm 1 bundle 56.89 kg 3

20mm 1 bundle 59.26 kg 2

25mm 1 bundle 46.30 kg 1

32mm 1 bundle 75.85 kg 1