Class 4 - Euroschool Airoli

AN IIT-IIM ALUMNI VENTURE
LOGIQIDS
READING MATERIAL – CLASS 4
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Table of Contents
Topic Note: Ability to Identify Trends/ Relationships ...........................................................................................

Topic Note: Visual Ability.......................................................................................................................................
Topic Note: Verbal Skills ........................................................................................................................................
Topic Note: Multiple Instructions..........................................................................................................................
Topic Note: Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................
Sample Papers 1 to 4 .............................................................................................................................................
Answer Key - Sample Papers 1 to 4 .......................................................................................................................

TOPIC NOTES
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Topic Note: Ability to Identify Trends/ Relationships

The questions in this category can broadly be classified in two categories:
1) Sequencing: The questions in this category typically present a sequence and ask the child to
identify either the next term or a missing term in the sequence. Some questions also ask the
child to identify the wrong term in the sequence.
e.g.: What would be the next term in the sequence: A, C, E, G?
Fill in the missing term in the sequence: 1z, 3y, 5x, ___, 9v.
Find the wrong term in the sequence: 1, 4, 7, 11, 13, 16, 19
2) Ability to Identify Relationships: The questions in this category typically present a particular
relationship between two or more words / phrases and the student has to decipher what the
relationship is between the two words / phrases and apply the same to a new word. Alternately
the student could also get a question where four or more words / terms are presented and the
student has to find the odd one out.
e.g.: If in a certain coded language BAT is written as TAB, then how will AND be written as?
Please note that each topic note contains some questions which some children could find
relatively difficult. However we have preferred to keep them in the topic note to give the student
and parent an idea about various different type of questions. These relatively difficult questions
have been highlighted in red font.
SEQUENCING
These questions typically consist of a series of numbers, alphabets or symbols or a combination of
either of these, which are typically connected by way of a rule or pattern. The key to solving these
questions is to identify the trend or pattern and accordingly either find out the next term in the pattern
or a missing term in the pattern or identify a wrong term in the pattern.
The following explains the broad categories of patterns which one can find:
IMAGE BASED PATTERNS:

These questions consist of images or symbols – two or more which follow a particular pattern. The
pattern either consists of repeating images or the images are linked by a common rule. The key here is
to identify the repeating pattern or the rule which connects them. These questions could be broadly
classified into three categories:
 Repeating pattern – In this case, the images / symbols form a pattern which repeats itself
 Rule based pattern – In these questions, the images are linked by way of a common rule.
Some examples of such rules could be
o Movement of the shape or part of the shape in clockwise or anticlockwise direction

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o A part getting added and subtracted in the shape

o Abstract Pattern – these are also rule based patterns, but the patterns are not so obvious
as movement in clock-wise / anti clock-wise direction or addition / subtraction in the
shape, but instead follow a slightly abstract rule like increasing number of sides of the
object or colours appears in the order in which they appear in the rainbow, etc.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1) Identify the next term in the sequence:

?
Solution: Clearly as shown above the pattern is repeating itself. Thus in the above
question, after circle, the next term would be a square again and hence the answer is
The above example is a very simple form of a symbolic sequencing problem. The type of
problems could vary significantly ranging from slightly longer pattern to more abstract
concepts being implemented. Few of such examples are given below:
2) Identify the next term in the sequence:
Solution: The above question can be broken down to a pattern which repeats itself as follows:
A B C
Clearly as shown above the pattern is repeating itself.
Block C should follow the same layout as Block AA or Block B and so after the square,
B we
should have a circle. So the next term in the sequence is
A B
A slightly more complicated question could be where the symbols are not getting repeated but
following a certain pattern:

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3) Find the next term in the sequence:
Solution: In this question, though no pattern is being repeated, like in the questions above, all
the symbols / shapes seem to be following a certain rule: “Every shape in the sequence has
one more side than the previous shape”. So the next shape in the sequence should be a
heptagon (one which has seven sides)
4) Find the next term in the sequence:
Solution: In this question also, though no pattern is being repeated, all the symbols / shapes
seem to be following a certain rule: “The arrow inside the square is at 45degrees in the
clockwise direction compared to the arrow in the previous square” So the next shape in the
sequence should have an arrow pointing at 45 degrees clockwise from south west direction. So
the next square should have an arrow pointing in west direction
5) Which colour will come in place of question mark in the last circle?
?
Solution: This is a more difficult kind of abstract question. There is no set approach to solve
such abstract questions. One needs to identify a way by which the shapes / symbols are related.
For instance in the given question, the colour in the circles are following the sequence of
rainbow colours: Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange. So the next circle should have
the Red colour to complete the sequence of rainbow colours.
NUMERICAL SERIES:
These consist of various numbers which are connected by certain rule. The numbers could be arranged
in ascending or descending order or could follow some other rule. Some examples of these patterns
could be:
1) Numbers in an ascending or descending order having a constant difference between them. For
example:
a. 2,5,8,11,14 – first term is 2 and constant difference between two consecutive terms is 3
2) Numbers in an ascending or descending order but with the difference between them following
a certain pattern. Some examples are given below:

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a. 1,3,7,13, 21 – first term is 1 and the difference between two consecutive term is itself
another pattern 2,4,6 and so on i.e. numbers with a difference of 2
1 3 7 13 21
2 4 6 8
2 2 2
b. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 – first term is 1 and then every subsequent term is obtained by

multiplying the previous term by 2.
3) Sequence with two numbers in each term, where one or both the numbers show an increasing
or decreasing pattern. For example:
a. 11/12, 15/11, 19/10, 23/9,.. – Here the top term (or the numerator) i.e. 11 keeps
increasing by 4 for each term, while the bottom term i.e. 12 keeps on decreasing by 1
for each term. Thus 11 becomes 15, then 19, then 23 and so on. While 12 becomes 11,
then 10, and so on.
4) Mixed series – where the terms are from two or more series. In a case like this, the difference
between two consecutive terms is UNLIKELY to follow a pattern and that’s a hint that the
given series is formed by two of more series
a. 11, 15, 13, 19, 15, 23, 17 – Here the difference between two consecutive terms follows
the order 4, -2, 6, -4, 8, -6 and so on. Given the difference is increase and then decreasing
and then increasing again, one must examine if this sequence has two or more series.
Lets first look for two series. Taking alternate numbers in the sequence, we get two series
as 11, 13, 15, 17 and 15, 19, 23. Clearly the sequence consists of two series – the first
one having a difference of 2 between two consecutive terms and the second one having
a difference of 4 between two consecutive terms.
5) Numbers following an abstract pattern. Some examples are given below:
a. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 – Every term in the series follows the pattern : 12, 22, 32, 42, 52
b. 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21 – Starting from the third term, every term in the series is a sum of the
two terms preceding it. Thus 3rd term 2 is the sum of 1 + 1; Fourth term 3 is a sum of
2+1; fifth term 5 is a sum of 3 + 2 and so on
The best way to solve a numerical sequence problem is to follow the following steps:
 Find the difference between two consecutive terms for the full sequence
 If the difference is constant, the question is solved and you can find the next term by adding the
difference to the last term
 If the difference is not constant identify if the difference follows a particular pattern, e.g 2, 4, 6,
8. If it does, identify what the next term should be in the sequence of differences (eg in 2,4,6,8,
the next term will be 10). Add this difference to the last term and find out the next term
 If the difference is not constant, the student should check if the given sequence comprises two
or three series. To check if it’s a combination of two series, the student should take alternate

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terms together and see if they comprise a series. To check if it’s a combination of three series,
the student should take terms which are separated by two terms between them and see if they
comprise a series.
 If none of the above thing works, it is very likely that the question comprises an abstract series.
For which student can check for things like:
o If the term is the sum of terms before
o If it’s obtained as multiplication of terms before
o If it involves squares or cubes (not relevant for students below grade 4)
ALPHABETICAL SERIES:
These questions comprise of various letters which are arranged in alphabetical or non-alphabetical
letter and follow a certain rule. Some examples are given below:
1) Alphabets in an alphabetical or reverse alphabetical order where the difference between every
two consecutive terms follows a pattern. Some examples are given below:
a. A, C, E, G, I – first term is A and then the alphabets appear in an alphabetical order but
skip each alternate alphabet
b. S, R, Q, P – first term is S and alphabets are following reverse alphabetical order. The next
term will be O.
c. A, B, D, G, K – first term is A and the difference follows the following pattern:
 No alphabet skipped between A and B
 One alphabet skipped between B and D
 Two alphabets skipped between D and G
 Thus if we take the number of alphabets which are skipped between two consecutive
terms, they follow the pattern 0,1,2,3, etc. Thus the alphabetical pattern derives itself
from a numerical pattern for difference between two consecutive terms.
d. BDF, CFI, DHL, EJO – first, second and third letters of each term are moved forward by
one, two and three places respectively to obtain the first, second and third letter of the next
term.
 B moved forward by one becomes C
 D moved forward by two becomes F
 F moved forward by three becomes I
So BDF becomes CFI and similarly CFI would become DHL and so on.
e. QPO, NML, KJI, ___, EDC - Each term of the series consists of letters in a reverse
alphabetical order. Thus the missing term is HGF
f. Word appearing in alphabetical / order – e.g. ABACK, ACID, ADDITION, AEON.. Here
the second letter in the word follows the alphabetical order starting from B. In such a
question there can be multiple possible answers for the next term, but out of the four options
only one will fit. So the student should select the one which is the correct answer from the
options.

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2) Alphabets arranged in a particular pattern with some letters missing in the pattern:
a. a b c a b c a b c _ b _: Alphabets are following the pattern a b c which is getting repeated
and hence the missing alphabets are a and c
b. a a b b a a b b _ a b _ : Here a a b b is getting repeated. Hence the missing letters are a and
b so that they complete the sequence a a b b
3) Alphabets related by some abstract rule. Some examples are given below:
a. Find the missing term in A, E, I, _ , U – the alphabets given here are vowels arranged in
alphabetical order. So the missing alphabet is O
b. Find the missing term in U, O, I, _ , A – the alphabets given here are vowels arranged in
reverse alphabetical order. So the missing alphabet is E
c. Find the missing term in V, I, R, A, T, K, O, _, L, I – the alphabets given here seem to
represent the name of a famous cricketer VIRAT KOHLI, So the missing term is H
d. ELFA, GLHA, ILJA, ______, MLNA - The second and fourth letters in the series, L and
A , are static. The first and third letters consist of an alphabetical order beginning with the
letter E. So the missing word will have L and A at the second and fourth place respectively.
And the remaining letters will be such that they continue the alphabetical order series which
started with the first term. E and F in the first term, G and H in the second term, I and J in
the third term and so K and L in the fourth term. So the missing term is KLLA
WRONG TERM SERIES:
Sometimes, a question is asked to find out the wrong number in a series. This is a bit more difficult.
This is because from the point where you get a wrong number, all other succeeding numbers would
also look wrong. See the following example :
Example No. 1: Find the wrong number in the following series.
2 4 8 17 32 64
Solution: In this question, if you start from the beginning, the difference between first two terms is 2,
then its 4, then the difference is 9, then 15 and then 32. If you observe the trend in the difference, you
will realise that the difference should have followed the pattern 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. Thus the fourth term
should be 16 and not 17.
ALPHABETICAL + NUMERICAL SERIES
Sometimes the question involves both numerical and alphabetical term. Such questions can broadly be
of two types:
 Given sequence comprises two series, where one series involves alphabets and second series
involves numbers

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Eg: 1A, 3B, 5C, 7D, .. – this involves two series 1,3,5,7 and A, B, C, D…
 The numbers are related to the alphabets. Some examples of such relationship could be:
o Number represents the position of the alphabet in the English alphabet e.g. A is 1, B is
2 and so on e.g.: A1, E5, I9, and so on – here the series moves as the vowel and the
number represents the position of the letter in the English alphabet.
o Number represents reverse position of the alphabet / position considering Z as 1 e.g. A
is 26, B is 25.
o In case of a word, the number could represent 1) the number of letters in the word e.g.:
WORD4, 2) the number of vowels in the word egWORD1 3) the number of consonants
in the word egWORD3 4) the number of repeating letters in the word e.g. WORD0,
WOOD2 5) the sum or product of the positions of each letter in the word number
obtained eg: BAD7 or BAD8 – here B is 2, A is 1 and D is 4 – their positions in the
English alphabet. So in BAD7, 7 represents the sum of 1+2+4 and in BAD8, 8
represents the product of 1x2x4.
ABILITY TO IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIPS

In these cases, you are typically given two words which are related by some rule and one needs to
decipher that rule and apply it on the other word given in the question. Some examples are given below:
1) Deciphering the code

Question: If in a certain code language, 15789 is written as EGKPT and 23461 is written as
ALURE, how will 23549 be written be written as
Solution: In this case, the student needs to study which number relates to which alphabet and just
apply those codes to the given questions. Thus for 23549, one can see that 2 corresponds to A, 3
to L, 5 to G, 4 to U and 9 to T. So the answer is ALGUT.
2) Coding by reversing the order of the alphabets

Question: If in a certain code language, BAT is written as TAB, how will AND be written as
Solution: In this case, the alphabets in the words BAT are reversed to arrive at the coded word
TAB. So AND when coded will become DNA.
3) Coding by following a certain rule for movement of alphabets in a word

Question: If in a certain code language, GIFT is written as TGFI, how will BEST be written as
Solution: In this case, the alphabets in the words GIFT are rearranged in a particular order, which
needs to be applied to BEST too. In GIFT the first and fourth letters are interchanged and placed
in first and second positions (TG) and second and third letters are interchanged and placed in third
and fourth positions (FI). Applying the same rule BEST will be coded as TBSE.
4) Coding based on number of alphabets appearing in a given word

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Question: If in a certain code language, BAD is coded as 3, GIFT is coded a 4, FLIGHT is coded
as 6, how will CHILDREN be coded as
Solution: In this case, the code represents the number of alphabets in a given word. Since BAD
has three alphabets, the code is 3; similarly for GIFT, the code is 4 and for FLIGHT the code is 6.
So for CHILDREN the code should be 8, as CHILDREN has 8 alphabets.
5) Coding by replacing alphabets by numbers where numbers represent their position in the
English alphabet; i.e. A is replaced by 1, B by 2, C by 3 and so on
Question: If in a certain code language, BAD is coded as 214, how will CAP be coded as
Solution: In this case, the alphabets are replaced by numbers which represent their position in the
English alphabets. Since B is the second letter in English Alphabet, it is replaced by 2. Similarly
since D is the 4th letter, it is replaced by 4. Thus CAP would be coded as 3116.
6) Coding by replacing alphabets by the next alphabet which occurs in the English language; i.e.
A is replaced by B, B by C, C by D and so on
Question: If in a certain code language, BAT is coded as CBU, how will CAP be coded as
Solution: In this case, the alphabets are replaced by another alphabet, which occurs next in the
English language. So in BAT, B is replaced by C, A is replaced by B and T is replaced by U.
Following the same rule for CAP, C should be replaced by D, A by B and P by Q. So the answer
is DBQ.
7) Coding by replacing alphabets with the corresponding alphabet in the reverse alphabetical
order i.e. replace A by Z, B by Y, C by X and so on.
Question: If in a certain code language, BAT is coded as YZG, how will CAP be coded as?
Solution: In this case, the alphabets are replaced by corresponding alphabet in revere alphabetical
order; i.e. Replace A by Z, B by Y, C by X and so on. In BAT, B is replaced by Y, A by Z and T
by G (T is the 20th alphabet from the beginning; G is the 20th alphabet from the end). Following
the same rule for CAP, C should be replaced by X, A by Z and P by K. So the answer is XZK.
There could be some abstract questions also for relationship type questions. Few such examples
are given below:
8) If in a certain code language, SYSTEM is coded as ESYSTM and CLIMATE is coded as

IAECLMT, how will COMPUTER be coded as?
Solution: In this case, the coding rule being followed is that all the vowels in a word are being
moved at the beginning of the word and then they are followed by the consonants in the word.
Thus in SYSTEM, there is only one vowel i.e. E which is moved to the beginning of the word and
the remaining letters come as is. So SYSTEM is coded as ESYSTM. Similarly, for CLIMATE,
the vowels are I, A and E. Putting all the vowels upfront (in the same order in which they occur
in the word), we get IAECLMT. So COMPUTER should be coded as OUECMPTR.

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ODD ONE OUT

Similar to above questions, the student could also be asked to find the odd one out from a group
of things given to them. Most of the time, the student would need to think on the same concepts
as that of sequencing or coding (as explained above) and figure out a relationship connecting the
various things. An example is given below
 Find the odd one out from: 2, 6, 9, 12, 18 – Answer is 9 as it is the only odd number
 Find the odd one out from: BD, IK, NP, XY, AC – The odd one out here is XY as all the
other terms have letters which are separated by one alphabet in English language. i.e. B
and D are separated by C; I and K are separated by J, and so on
Given above are just a few examples of questions to get students started in thinking about solving
such questions. There could be several other ways of arriving at such relationships, which the
students will need to work out themselves looking at the question.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
Directions for Questions 1 to 8: There is a problem figure on the left hand side, which represents
a series, while there are a few options on the right hand side, one of which is the answer. Find the
image from the answer figures which will form the next term or the missing term of the series:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

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7)
8)
9) Find the next term in the series: 36, 30, 24, 18,…
A. 7 B. 10
C. 12 D. 13
10) Find the next term in the series: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,

A. 7 B. 10
C. 12 D. 13
11) Find the next term in the series: 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12,?
A. 7 B. 10
C. 12 D. 13
12) Find the next term in the series: P, O, N, M, L,?

A. K B. Q
C. R D. J
13) Find the next term in the series: A, D, G, J, ?

A. K B. L
C. M D. J
14) Find the next term in the series: 36, 34, 30, 28, 24, ?
A. 22 B. 20
C. 23 D. 26
15) Find the next term in the series: 22, 21, 23, 22, 24, 23, ?
A. 22 B. 25
C. 24 D. 27
16) Find the next term in the series: 2A, 4D, 6G, 8J, ?
A. 12M B. 12L
C. 10M D. 10J

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A. 53 B. 14
C. 24 D. 27
18) Find the next term in the series: 21, 9, 21, 11, 21, 13, 21,
A. 16 B. 21
C. 24 D. 15

A. 22 B. 15
C. 14 D. 17
20) Find the next term in the series: 8, 22, 8, 28, 8, 34, 8?
A. 28 B. 24
C. 40 D. 27
21) Find the next term in the series: 1Z, 2X, 3V, ___
A. 4W B. 5W
C. 4Y D. 4T
22) Find the missing term in the series: SCD, TEF, UGH, ____,WKL
A. VIJ B. VKL
C. WIJ D. TKL
23) Find the missing term in the series: CMM, EOO, GQQ, _____, KUU
A. ISS B. JKK
C. MSS D. JMM
24) Find the missing term in the series: A1B2C3D4E5__G7H8

A. F6 B. F9
C. 6F D. E6
A. 56 B. 66
C. 76 D. 68
26) Identify the odd one out:

A. FOREST0 B. TREE2
C. NATION2 D. FOLLOW2

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27) Identify the odd one out:

A. FOREST6 B. TREE4
C. NATION5 D. FOLLOW6
28) If BOWLED is coded as LEDWOB, how will SINGLE be coded as?

A. ELGSIN B. GLESIN
C. GLENIS D. ELGNIS
29) If NISHIT is coded as IINSHT, how will DEEPTI be coded as?

A. EEPTID B. EEIDPT
C. EEITPD D. EEIDTP
30) If BAD is coded as 214 and GET as 7520, how will DEEP be coded as?
A. 45516 B. 4556
C. 4456 D. 45515
31) Find the next 5 terms in the series : 122333444455555666?

A. 66677 B. 77777
C. 67777 D. 66777
32) Find the next term in the series : 1234543211232?

A. 5 B. 4
C. 3 D. 1
33) Find the next term in the series :11,24,39,416,525,636,?

A. 747 B. 749
C. 832 D. 943
34) Find the next term in the series : 4/6, 8/5, 12/4, 16/3 ?
A. 17/3 B. 20/3
C. 20/2 D. 20/1
35) Find the next term in the series: EARN, EBB, ECHO, EDWARD?
A. EEL B. EYE
C. EAR D. EFA

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ANSWERS
1) 2
2) 3
3) 5
4) 5
5) 4
6) 4
7) 4
8) 3
9) C
10) D
11) B
12) A
13) C
14) A
15) B
16) C
17) B
18) D
19) B
20) C
21) D
22) A
23) A
24) A
25) B
26) D
27) C
28) C
29) B
30) A
31) A
32) D
33) B
34) C
35) A

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Topic Note: Visual Ability

The idea behind this category is to enhance student’s visual abilities. We focus on two key skill sets
viz. 1) ability to visualize / imagine and 2) ability to spot things. The questions would either present a
situation where the student has to imagine / visualize a situation to answer the question or would
present them an image which the student needs to carefully observe and answer the given questions.
There are various types of questions in this category and some of these are given below:
relatively difficult. However, we have preferred to keep them in the topic note to give the student
SPATIAL SENSE
Spatial sense is an intuitive feel for shape and space. These kind of questions focus on developing and
enhancing the spatial sense for a child. They are provided with questions which test their spatial skills.
There are various examples of such questions. Some of these are given below:
One of the best way to solve such a question is to break down the question into various objects.
For instance, in a question involving various words, each letter can be considered as a separate
object. Similarly for an image like the following, the two arrows, the triangle inside the shape
, etc can be considered as separate objects.
Once the student classifies the objects, there are two important clues a student can use to solve
these kind of questions:
1) Study the relative position of various objects. Look at the relative position of various
objects in the question and also understand how that would change in the answer. This
would help eliminate a few options
2) Whether all objects which are present in the question, are included in the answer or not?
Mirror and Water Image
A lot of questions involve the student figuring out the right option which presents the mirror or water
image of a word.

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Mirror Images
Mirrors follow a phenomenon called “Lateral Inversion” i.e. in such an image, the right side of the
object appears on the left side and vice - versa. A mirror - image is therefore said to be laterally inverted
and the phenomenon is called Lateral Inversion.
Water Images
The reflection of an object, as seen in water, is called its water image. It is the inverted image obtained
by turning the object upside down. Unlike the mirror image where the left becomes right and vice-
versa, in case of a water image, top becomes bottom and vice versa
Mirror Image Water Image
F F
The above picture gives a very good way of understanding a mirror image and a water image. As can
be seen in the above diagram, the mirror image is like an image on a book open left and right. When
you close the book, the two images will super-impose. Similarly the water image is like a book opened
upside down. When you close the book, the images will super-impose.
Given below are few tables for mirror image and water image for the student’s reference. Please note
that these are only given as reference for the student to understand the concept and they are not
required (and should not) memorize these.
Mirror Images of Capital Alphabets

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Water Images of Capital Alphabets
Mirror Images of Numbers
Water Images of Numbers
Mirror Images of Small Alphabets

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Water Images of Small Alphabets
As you can see above, the mirror images follow the rule – left becomes right and right becomes
left; while the water images follow the rule – top becomes bottom and bottom becomes top.
Given the above fact, in case a mirror image or water image of a word is required, it becomes even
easier. As the word would appear in reverse in case of a mirror image and would appear upside down
(but in the same order) in the case of a water image. See the diagram below for reference
Mirror Image Water Image
WORD
WORD
1. Which of the following options resemble the mirror image of NeL$0n125?
a. 521n0$LeN b. c. d.
Solution: As per the directions given earlier, lets assume that the various letters / symbols
are different objects. Clearly the first thing the student should look for is the order of the
words. As explained earlier, in case of a mirror image, left becomes right and vice versa. So in
this case the student should first look at options which have letters in the reverse order than
that given in NeL$0n125. So clearly option c and d are ruled out. Also given that in option a,
though the letters are in the reverse order, they are not really the mirror image (which is evident
by looking at any of the individual letter). So option (b) is the answer. Also on clearly
examining the option (b), a student can clearly see that it is the mirror image of the given word

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NeL$0n125
2. Which of the following options resemble the water image of NeL$0n125?
a. 521n0$LeN b. c. d.
Solution: First thing the student should look for is the order of the words. As explained earlier,
in case of a water image, the words are just turned upside down, while the order remains the
same. So in this case the student should first look at options which have letters in the same
order as that given in NeL$0n125. So clearly option c and d are possible answers. Also given
that in option c, though the letters are in the same order, they are not really the water image
(which is evident by looking at any of the individual letter). So option (d) is the answer. Also
on clearly examining the option (d), a student can clearly see that it is the water image of the
given word
NeL$0n125
3. Which of the following options resemble the mirror image of ?
Solution: First thing the student should look for is lateral inversion (left becoming right and
right becoming left). So in this case, if one looks only at the inner figure (excluding the arrow)
, one can clearly see that the answer will be from option c or d. Now looking at
arrows in both these options, only option (d) has arrows exhibiting lateral inversion. So option
(d) is the answer.

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PAPER FOLDING
These questions involve the process of selecting a figure which would closely resemble the pattern
that would form when a transparent sheet carrying designs on either side of a dotted line is folded
along the line. In these questions it is important to divide the figure into two or more parts and then
understand how each of these parts will appear in the folded sheet. In some cases, these questions could
also involve asking student the number of vertices which the paper will have after being folded on a
particular line.
Some examples of these type of questions are as follows:
4. Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to how the pattern would appear when the
transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line.
Solution: Let’s assume that the given transparent sheet has 2 halves – one each on either side
of the dotted line. And also let’s name the key points in the diagram as A, B, C and so on.
Part 1 Part 2
A B C A B B C
+
F E D F E E D
Now, the part which is not folded should stay as is in the resultant picture. Thus in this case
part 1 will stay as is in the resultant picture and part two will overlap on part 1. Part 1 staying
as is means there has to be a straight line connecting points A and E in the final answer. Also
on overlapping part 2 on part 1, pt. C will come on top of pt. A and D on top of F. Thus there
has to be a line connecting B and F in the resultant figure.
So the result figure has one line connecting pt. A to E and another one connecting Pt. B to F.
So the answer is option D.
5. Find out from amongst the four alternatives as to how the pattern would appear when the
transparent sheet is folded at the dotted line.

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Transparent Sheet Response Figures
A B C D
Solution: Let’s assume that the given transparent sheet has 2 halves – one each on either side
of the dotted line and let’s name the key points in the diagram as A, B, C and so on.
Part 1 Part 2
B
D
C
Clearly Part 1 should stay as is and Part 2 would overlap on Part 1. In option B, part 1 seems
to have changed. So option B cannot be the answer. Also option A does not seem to have any
overlap of part 2, so option A also does not seem to be the answer.
So the possible answer is from option C or D. Both option C and D seem to be very similar,
except the location of point C and point D on the overlapping portion. An important clue here
is that pt D is currently closer to the dotted line compared to point C. So clearly that should
be the case in the overlapping figure too. So option D is the answer.
These explanations may look very detailed and complicated right now. But as a child
practices these questions, he would be able to carry out most of these calculations in the
mind itself. We are just trying to provide a systematic way for the child to think.
6. The paper sheet given below is folded along the given dotted line(s) in the sequence as mentioned.
First fold is made along the dotted line 1, then along dotted line 2 and so on. How many edges
would the resultant paper sheet, after the folds, have?
a) 5 b) 6
c) 7 d) 8

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Answer: Option c. In these type of questions, a common mistake is to miss or double count a
particular side or corner. The best way to avoid this mistake is to keep marking the side/corner
which has been counted. Also remember that number of sides will always be equal to the number
of corners.
CONSTRUCTION OF SQUARES AND TRIANGLES
These questions deal with the problems of construction of squares by combination of three parts after
selecting them from the list of five different alternatives numbered from A to E. To solve these
problems, select a piece which contains a right angle between two adjacent outer edges. Then try
to fit another piece in its hollow spaces. If you can't, select another piece. Repeat the procedure
with different sets of such pieces. Finally with the two pieces fitting into each other, find the third
piece which fits into the other two selected ones, to get a completed square.
7. Given below are five alternative figures marked A, B, C, D or E followed by four options marked
(a), (b), (c) and (d). Select the answer that depicts three of the alternative figures which when fitted
together will form a complete square.
Solutions: Given that we have to form a square, the first thing to be done is to find a figure
which has a right angle in it. The only figure with a right angle is C. And figure B and D fit
into it as shown below to form a complete square.
So the answer is option (c)
8. Given below are five alternative figures marked A, B, C, D or E followed by four alternative
answers marked (a), (b), (c) and (d). Select the answer that depicts three of the alternative figures
which when fitted together will form a complete square.

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Solutions: Answer is (c), as shown below:
VISUAL RECOGNITION
This sub-topic assesses and enhances a child’s ability to spot things in a given image / figure. There
could be various types of questions in this. Some of which are given below:
COUNTING THE NUMBER OF GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
In this type of question, the student is presented a picture and he is required to calculate the number of
a particular type of geometrical figure (eg. Circle, rectangle, etc) which can be formed in that picture.
The most common mistake which people do in such problems is that they may miss one or two
such geometric figures or double count some of them. It’s very important to proceed in a
systematic way to be able to solve this problem correctly. A very good way to solve this problem
is to name every important point in the diagram (typically one of the vertices or an intersection
point of lines) as A, B, C and so on, and then write down the vertices which make a geometrical
figure. This way you can always avoid double counting. In some lower grade questions, this may
not be required. Let’s take some examples:
9. Count the number of triangle in the figure given below?

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Solution: As explained earlier, let’s put a name to each of the vertices / important points in
the above diagram. As a result it will look as follows:
A
B C D E
Now let’s write down the various triangles which can be formed in this figure. We will go in
a systematic way, starting from the smallest one and heading to the largest one.
 Smallest triangles: ABC, ACD, ADE

 Medium sized triangles / Triangle which include a triangle in itself: ABD and ACE
 Largest Triangle: ABE
So in all 6 triangles are there in the above figure.
10. Count the number of squares in the figure given below?
Answer: As discussed earlier, let’s name the important points as shown in the diagram below
and then proceed in a systematic manner. To begin with let us start with the smallest square.
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P

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 Smallest squares – these are 9 in number: AEFB, FBCG, CGHD, IEFJ, FJKG, KGHL,
MIJN, JNOK, OKLP
 Squares of 2x2 block – these are 4 in number: AIKC, BJLD, EMOG, FNPH
 Square of 3x3 block – only one – AMPD
Thus there are a total of 14 squares.
There is also a short trick to find the number of squares or triangles in such a
symmetrical figure.
 Check the dimensions of the symmetrical in terms of number of blocks – in this case
it is 3x3. So the number of squares in this figure would be 12 + 22 + 32 = 1 + 4 + 9
 While the number of rectangles would be 13 + 23 + 33 = 1 + 8 + 27 = 36; you can
check this out for yourself.
 Similarly in a 4x4 square, number of squares would be 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 = 1 + 4 + 9
+ 16 = 30 and number of rectangles would be 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = 1 + 8 + 27 + 64 =
100
 This way a student can also find the number of squares / rectangles on a chess
board i.e. 8x8 dimension.
 As an interesting exercise, a student should try and think why this shortcut always
works. Try and derive this relationship.
11. Count the number of triangle in the figure given below?
Solution: As explained earlier, let’s put a name to each of the vertices / important points in
the above diagram. As a result it will look as follows:
A
B M
L
C J K
H
I
D
E F G
Now let’s list down the various triangles:

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 Three big triangles: ACH, BDF, MEG

 Smaller triangle at the intersection: BCJ, IEF, LKH, JKI
So 7 triangles in total.
SPOTTING THE EMBEDDED FIGURE
In these questions, the question provides a figure which is embedded in one of the four answer
figures which the student is required to spot. There is no specific approach to do this, but to just
observe the given pictures closely
12. In each of the following questions, figure (x) is embedded in any one of the four alternative figures
(a), (b), (c) or (d). Find the alternative which contains figure (x) embedded in it.
Answer: (a)
13. In each of the following questions, figure (x) is embedded in any one of the four alternative figures
(a), (b), (c) or (d). Find the alternative which contains figure (x) embedded in it.
Answer: (c)
COMPLETION OF INCOMPLETE PATTERN
In these type of problems, a figure or a matrix containing a set of figures following a particular
sequence or pattern is given, in which a part, generally a quarter is left blank. This problem figure is
followed by four alternative figures. The student is required to choose the one which best fits into the
blank space of problem figure so as to complete the original pattern. The given figures typically
follow a symmetrical sequence and understanding the symmetry is key to solve such problems.
Typically the left out figure is a replica (just turned around a bit) of an existing quadrant.
In this case also, a student can look at some of the objects and their relative position to determine
which of the options is the answer.
14. Select a figure from the four alternatives, which when placed in the blank space of fig (x) would
complete the pattern.

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
Answer: Option (a). In this case one important thing to look at is that the missing piece should
complete the circle in the image in the question. That means it should have an arc bent upwards.
Clearly this is only possible in option (a). So option (a) is the answer.
15. Select a figure from the four alternatives, which when placed in the blank space of fig (x) would
complete the pattern.

Answer: Option (d). In this case, there are 2-3 key things to look at 1) the image should complete
the circle – possible in all the four options. 2) the image inside the circle should complete the star
– and thus have sharp corners. Only option d has an image which has sharp corners for the image
inside the circle. So clearly option (d) is the answer.
DOT PLACEMENT
The problems on Dot Placement involve a cluster of three of more geometrical figures – usually
triangle, circle and rectangles, having one or more dots placed at any point inside the cluster. The
cluster is followed by a set of four alternative figures each composed of a cluster of same type of
figures. Now for each dot, the student has to observe the region in which it is enclosed, i.e. to which
of the geometrical figures this region is common. Then the student should look for such a region in the
four alternatives. Once the student has found it for one dot, he/she should repeat the procedure for
other dots too. Some examples are given below to explain the structure.
In these type of questions, the student should focus on one dot at a time and it is important to
make sure the exact figures which are overlapping in the region and look for the same
combination in the answer figures. If done systematically these questions are not difficult to
solve.

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16. From amongst the figures marked (1), (2), (3) and (4), select the figure which satisfies the same
conditions of placement of the dot as in figure (x).
Solution: Let’s look at each dot one after the other given in the figure (x). Let’s look at dot 1 in
the circle. This dot is coming on the overlap of a circle and a triangle. Now look at the four
options and try to find out which options have a region where only circle and a triangle overlap.
All four figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 have a region where a circle and a triangle overlap. So the answer
can be anyone of the four. These regions are highlighted by the red circle in the following
diagram:
Now let’s look at the second dot. The second dot appears on a region which is an overlap of a
triangle and a square. Now let’s look at options 1, 2, 3 and 4 and see which of these have a region
which has the overlap of only a square and a triangle. Clearly it looks like only option 1 has a
region which is an overlap of only a triangle and a square (highlighted in green in the following
figure). So option 1 is the answer.
Answer: Option (3)

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Answer: Option (4)

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Topic Note: Verbal Skills

The idea behind this category is to develop and enhance the English and verbal reasoning skills of a
student. The questions in this category can broadly be classified in two categories:
1) Verbal Reasoning: The questions in this category essentially test a student’s broader
understanding of English language. There are various types of questions in this sub-topic.
a. Analogy: In one type, the question contains two or more words / phrases which are
related in some way and the child has to decipher what the relationship is between the
two words / phrases. These are different than the topic of “Identifying relationships /
trends”, in the sense, that, in these questions the relationship between various words /
phrases is solely dependent on the understanding of English language. e.g.: Soap is
related to Wash as Broom is related to ?
b. Statement Ordering: In another type of question, a student will be given various
sentences, which he needs to arrange in a systematic order (typically in the order in
which it occurs).
c. Odd one Out: Similarly in some questions, four or more words / terms are presented
and the student has to find the odd one out.
e.g. Choose the odd one out : Milk, Tea, Sugar, Coffee
2) Word Play: The questions in this category usually focus on testing and enhancing child’s
vocabulary. There could be various types of questions in this category. Some of these are as
follows:
a. Word Completion: In some other question, student may be asked to identify the group
of alphabets, which add up to form a word
e.g. Identify the common letter which completes both the words : N_S E & OCT_BER
b. Word Formation: In this section, a child has to use some or all the letters of a word,
to make new words which are meaningful
e.g. Which of the below words can be formed using the letters of the word: FAST?
A. SAT B. TAB C. MAT D. CAT
c. Embedded Word: In some questions, the student may also be asked to find a hidden
word between two words
d. Letter Play: In one type, we present two or more words and ask the child to move, add
or delete a letter from any of the words in such a way that the resultant words are still
meaningful
e.g. Move one letter from either of the words: STOP or FLOAT to another in such a way
that the two still form meaningful words.

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VERBAL REASONING
The key to solving these questions is to identify the trend or pattern and accordingly either find out the
next or missing word in the pattern or identify a wrong term in the pattern. It is important to notice
that the words need to be in the same order as in the question. For instance, if the left hand side
analogy is minutes:hour, the right hand side cannot be day:hour. It should be hours: day. Several
minutes together form an hour and in the same way several hours together form a day.
The following explains the broad categories of patterns which one can find:
ANALOGY:
Types of Relationship :
Quantity and Unit:
1) Length : Metre :: Time : ?
19. Seconds B) Kilogram C) Kilometre D) Litre
Solution : As we can see, Metre is the unit of Length. Hence, ‘Seconds’ can come in place of?
as it is a unit of Time.
Individual and Group:
1) Sailors : Crew :: Man : ?
A) Crowd B) Herd C) Swarm D) Ship
Solution : A group sailors is called a crew. Similarly, a group of men is called a Crowd.
Male and Female :

1) Man is related to woman in the same as boy is related to _____.
A) Girl B) Lady C) Cat D) Mouse
Solution : Clearly, the relationship here is that of Male and Female and hence the answer here
would be Girl.
2) Son : Daughter :: Nephew : ?

A) Niece B) Uncle C) Aunt D) Girl
Solution : As above, the correct answer here would be ‘Niece’.
Worker and Tool :
1) Carpenter : Saw :: Tailor : ?
A) Hammer B) Scissor C) Knife D) Paintbrush
Solution : Saw is the tool used by the carpenter. The answer to this question is a scissor as it
is the tool used by the Tailor.
2) Author is related to pen in the same way as painter is related to ______.

A) Hammer B) Scissor C) Knife D) Paintbrush
Solution : As before, the tool used by the Painter is paintbrush which is the answer here.

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There can be many other relationships like these: Tool and Action, Worker and Working place, Worker
and Product, Part and Whole, Word and Synonym, Word and Antonym, etc. and the child has to
identify this relationship in order to complete the analogous pair.
Find the Analogous pair :
There can also be questions wherein the child has to find the pair of words which have the same
relationship as the original pair.
Example :
1) Badminton : Court
a. Hockey : Stick b. Cricket : Bat c. Football : Goal d. Skating : Rink
In the original pair of words, we can see that Badminton is played in the Court. Out of the four options,
only Skating : Rink, exhibit the same relationship.
Three Word Analogy :
In some questions, a set of three inter-related words could be given and the child may have to trace out
the relationship between these and choose another group with the same analogy.
Example :
1) Carnivorous : Tiger : Wolf
a) Mango : Banana : Fruit
b) Cat : Cow : Milk
c) Student : Boy : Girl
d) Pen : Paper : Pencil
Solution : As we can see, in the original words, Tiger and Wolf belong to the same category i.e.
Carnivorous. Similar relationship can be seen in the third option wherein Boy and Girl belong to the
category student.
2) Dog : Squirrel : Tail
a) Cottage : Hut : Palace
b) Water : Crocodile : Tiger
c) Cow : Ox : Horn
d) Truck : Scooter : Car
Solution : The third word here is common thing between the first two. Similar relationship is observed
in Option C i.e. Both Cow and Ox have horns.

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DETECTING ANALOGIES:
In this type of questions, the child needs to identify the hidden relationship / common characteristic
among the given words.
Examples :
1) Judo : Karate : Taekwondo
a) They are names of Martial arts
b) They are names of Classical dance
c) They are performed on stage
d) They are European Games
Solution : Clearly, the common characteristic between the three is that they are names of Martial Arts
and hence option a) is the correct answer.
2) Mars : Venus : Pluto
a) They are all planets
b) They are all satellites
c) All of them are Stars
d) They are all comets
Solution : Since these are all the names of the planets in the solar system, option a) is the correct
answer.
3) Red : Green : Blue
a) They are all secondary colours
b) They are primary colours
c) They occur together in a rainbow
d) They are made by mixing other colours
Solution : Red, Blue and Green are all primary colours and can’t be obtained using mixed colour.
Hence, option b) is the correct answer.
ODD ONE OUT :
Here, a group of words/items is given which have common quality, except for one and the child has to
spot this odd word/item.
Single Word :
Out of the given four/five words, the child has to spot the odd one out. Some examples are :
1) Find the odd one out
a) Curd b) Butter c) Oil d) Cheese
Solution : Here, all except oil are products obtained from Milk. Hence, the answer is Option c).
a) Brinjal b) Apple c) Grapes d) Banana
Solution : Except for Brinjal, all others are fruits. Hence, the answer is Option a).

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a) Carrot b) Tomato c) Potato d) Beetroot
Solution : The common characteristic here is that all of these are vegetables that grow underground
except for Tomato. Hence, the answer is Option b).
a) Chennai b) Maharashtra c) Ahmedabad d) Kolkata
Solution : Except for Maharashtra, all other names are cities. Hence, the answer is Option b).
a) Lake b) Sea c) River d) Pool
Solution : Pool is not a natural water-body as compared to the others. Hence, the answer is Option d).
a) Fox b) Wolf c) Deer d) Jackal
Solution : Except for Deer, the other three are carnivorous animals. Hence, the answer is Option c).
Odd Pair of Words :

In this type of questions, certain pair of words are given out of which the words in all the pairs except
one, share a common relationship. The child has to identify this relationship and then find the odd pair.
In these types of questions child should focus on finding relationship between any pair given in
the options. Once that is done, the child can see if the other options also follow the same
relationship and accordingly find the odd one out.
Some examples are as below:
1) Find the odd pair :
a) Car : Road b) Ship : Sea
c) Aeroplane : Pilot d) Rocket : Space
Solution : The common relationship here is : First is the means of the transport on the medium denoted
by the second. Except for Option c), all others have this same relationship.
a) Tree : Branch b) Hand : Finger
c) Table : Chair d) Room : Floor
Solution : In all other pairs except Option c), we can see that the second word is a part of the first.
a) Class : Students b) Sentence : Words
c) Herd : Sheep d) Tomato : Potato
Solution : Clearly, in all the options, the second denotes the class to which the first belongs except for
option d).

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a) Profit : Loss b) Wise : Foolish

c) Beautiful : Ugly d) Good : Better
Solution : The given words are opposites except in option D where the second word is a superlative
adjective of the first word. The odd one out here is Option d).
ARRANGE THE STATEMENTS :

In this type of questions, a set of statements is given and the child has to arrange them in the order in
which they happen. Some examples are as below:
1) Arrange the statements in the order in which they happen.
P. John went to school in the morning
Q. John studied in the school
R. John came back from school
a) PQR b) PRQ c) RPQ d) QPR

Solution : As we can see, the order here would be : John going to the school, then studying and then
coming back from the school. Hence, the correct answer is Option a) PQR.
2) Arrange the statements in the order in which they happen.

P. Nishit learns to cycle
Q. Nishit cycles all around the park
R. Nishit buys a cycle
a) QPR b) RPQ c) RQP d) PQR

Solution : In order to cycle around the park, Nishit has to first learn to cycle and to learn this, he needs
to buy a cycle first. Hence, the correct option answer is Option b) RPQ
3) Arrange the below in the order in which they happen in a week.

P. Saturday
Q. Monday
R. Tuesday
b) QPR b) RPQ c) QRP d) PQR

Solution : We know that Monday comes before Tuesday which come before Saturday. Hence, the
correct order is QRP i.e. option c)

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WORD PLAY
Here, the child is given words and asked to move, add or delete a letter from any of the words in such
a way that the resultant words are still meaningful. In some questions, the child may also be asked to
find a hidden word between two words or make a meaningful word out of Jumbled words.
WORD COMPLETION:
In this type of questions, two or more words are given and the child has to complete both the words by
adding one or more letters. In some questions, the child may be given a set of words and asked to make
a meaningful word using two of the given words.
In these types of questions if a child finds it difficult to solve, the best way is to check for each
option and evaluate the problem.

1) Which single letter would complete the words : G R _ W and _ L D
a) A b) O c) E d) B
Solution : We can see that by adding the letter O, the resultant words are GROW and OLD. Hence,
the correct answer is option b)
2) Which letter would complete the words : D R I _ E R and R I _ E R

a) A b) V c) L d) B
Solution : We can see that by adding the letter V, we get the words DRIVER and RIVER. Hence, the
correct answer is option b)
3) Identify the letters which completes the three words below in such a way that :
a. First letter completes the first word and is common between the first two blanks
b. Second letter completes the third word and is common between the last two blanks
1 2 3
TU_E _RO_N T_O
4) P,R b) R,S c) B,W d) F,H

Solution : By adding the letters B and W, we can see that the words become meaningful i.e. TUBE,
WRONG & TWO. Hence, the correct option is c)

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WORD FORMATION:
In this section, given is a word and using the letters of the word, the child is required to make new
words by selecting some or all of the letters of the given word and re-arranging them in such a way
that it still forms meaningful words.
1) Which of the below words can be formed using the letters of the word : ELEPHANT?
a) TAP b) MAT c) CAT d) BAT
Solution : By selecting the letters T,A,P from the given word, we can make the new word : TAP.
Hence the correct answer is option a)
2) Which of the below words cannot be formed using the letters of the word : CROCODILE?
a) CODE b) IDLE c) DOG d) CORE
Solution : We can see that the words : CODE, IDLE & CORE can be formed using the letters of the
given word. While ‘G’ is not present in the word, so we cannot form the word DOG. Hence the correct
answer is option c)
3) Find the two words, one from each group which when joined together form a new word. The
word from group 1 always comes first.
1. Tooth A. Rest
2. Lot B. Brush
3. Star C. Film
a) 1A b) 2C c) 3C d) 1B
Solution : Using the words, 1B we can form the word : Toothbrush. Hence, the correct answer is
option d)
JUMBLED WORDS:
In this section, a set of alphabets is given and the child is supposed to arrange them in such a way that
it forms a meaningful word. Some examples are as below :
1) Unscramble the jumbled letters to form meaningful words: CONDES

a) SEDONC b) SECOND c) CONSED d) EDNOCS

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Solution : After re-arranging the words, we can form a meaningful word SECOND. Hence, the correct
answer is option b)
2) Unscramble the jumbled letters to form meaningful words: WERFLO

a) RELFOW b) FOWLER c) FLOWER d) WOLFER
Solution : After re-arranging the words, we can form a meaningful word FLOWER. Hence, the correct
answer is option c)
EMBEDDED WORDS:
In this section, a word is given and the child has to find a meaningful word from it either by reading
from left or right or from right to left. In some questions, there can be two or more words and the child
has to find the hidden word by reading from left to right and skipping some letters. Some examples
are as below :
1) Find the word embedded in the grid below : AGSDHDJDUCKSASDSDF

a) SAD b) THEN c) DUCK d) TEACH
Solution : Reading left to right , we see that the word DUCK is present in the grid after AGSDHDJ.
Hence, the correct answer is option c)
2) Find the word embedded in the grid below : ELITREFDJKFNSJSALFELJF

a) DJKF b) FERTILE c) SALE d) FALSE
Solution : Reading left to right , we see that there is no meaningful word. Now, from right to left we
see that the word FERTILE is present in the grid. Hence, the correct answer is option b)
3) Find the hidden number in the two words : TINSEL TOWN in such a way that you read only
from left to right. You may skip some letters but may not break the order.
a) TWO b) TEN c) THREE d) TWELVE
Solution : Reading left to right , we see that with the help of letter T,E & N we can form the number
TEN. Hence, the correct answer is option b)

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LETTER PLAY:
In this section, two or more words are given and the child has to either add, move or delete one or
more letters in such a way that it still forms two meaningful words.
In these types of questions if a child finds it difficult to solve, the best way is to check for each
option and evaluate the problem.
1) Which letter should be dropped once in the words: STOOP FLOAT in such a way that it still
forms two meaningful words?
a) A b) O c) T d) F
Solution : Dropping the letter O in the given words, gives the words : STOP and FLAT which are
meaningful. Hence, the correct answer is option b)
2) Which letter should be added once in the words: STOP FLAT in such a way that it still forms
two meaningful words?
a) A b) O c) T d) F
Solution : Adding the letter O in the given words, gives the words : STOOP and FLOAT which are
meaningful. Hence, the correct answer is option b)
3) Choose one that can be moved from either of the words : STARE and HOP in such a way that
it still forms two meaningful words?
a) S b) T c) O d) E
Solution : Moving the letter E in the given words, gives the words : STAR and HOPE which are
meaningful. Hence, the correct answer is option d)

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Topic Note: Multiple Instructions

The idea behind this category is to develop this student’s ability to process multiple instructions.
The questions typically contain lot of data and students are expected to process them in a systematic
way so as to arrive at the answer. In some cases these problems also require a basic understanding
of some of the underlying concepts, e.g. blood relations, directions, etc. There are various types of
questions in this category and some of these are given below:
This is one of the easiest topic and just requires a little bit of concentration for kids to solve these
questions correctly. It is important in these questions to proceed in a systematic way. Solving
questions of this kind can help a child develop his concentration and focus.
relatively difficult. However we have preferred to keep them in the topic note to give the student
BLOOD RELATIONS
For solving these kind of questions, it is important to have some knowledge about blood relations.
The table given below gives an overall idea of the various type of relations which are typically asked
in these questions.
Mother's or father's son Brother

Mother's or father's daughter Sister
Mother's or father's brother Uncle
Mother's or father's sister Aunt
Mother's or father's father Grandfather
Mother's or father's mother Grandmother
Son's wife Daughter-in-Law
Daughter's husband Son-in-Law
Husband's or wife's sister Sister-in-Law
Husband's or wife's brother Brother-in-Law
Brother's son Nephew
Brother's daughter Niece
Uncle or aunt's son or daughter Cousin
Sister's husband Brother-in-Law
Brother's wife Sister-in-Law
Grandson's or Granddaughter's daughter Great grand daughter
Relative on the mother’s side are called maternal and relatives on the father’s side are called
paternal. So mother’s brother is maternal uncle, while father’s brother is paternal uncle.
The following are some examples of such questions. These questions typically use more than one
relationship (eg Mother’s father’s son or son of brother of father’s wife). These types of questions
need to be solved in a step by step systematic way. The most important thing for a student in this
case is to break down the question into multiple smaller questions and then solve them one

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after the other. Another trick which helps a lot is solving a question for yourself i.e. assuming
the relationships given in the question around you. Let us understand these through an
example.
1. A person asked, “How am I related to my brother’s mother’s husband”?

a. His son b. His uncle c. His daughter d. Cannot be determined
Solution: An important thing to note in these kind of questions is the gender. Here the question
asks us to find the relation of a person with that person’s brother’s mother’s husband. Cleary the
gender of the person is not provided. This will become important as we progress in the question.
Lets solve the questions as per the following steps:

Step 1) Identify the various relationships being talked about in the question. In this case it can be broken
down as:
Clearly there are three key relationships being talked about 1) Narrator’s Brother 2) Brother’s Mother
and 3) Mother’s Husband.
How am I related to my brother’s mother’s husband ?
Step 2) Assume a name for the narrator or assume yourself in place of a narrator (usually the question
becomes easier if the student assumes himself in place of the narrator. In this case, let’s assume the
narrator is X.) (If you assume the narrator to be yourself, then please be careful with the gender.
As mentioned above, please note that thought your gender is known to you, the narrator’s gender
is not known to you).
Step 3) Now solve for each relation one at a time. Narrator’s brother is brother. Now brother’s mother
will be narrator’s mother. Narrator’s mother’s husband will be narrator’s father. So the narrator is the
child, but because you do not know the gender of the narrator, you cannot determine if the
narrator is son or daughter.
You can also solve this by making a family tree. Try and make a family tree (In a family tree, try and show
different generations at different levels e.g. one above the other and so on, while all people of the same
generation at the same level. See the figure given below for example)
Husband Husband
Mother
/ Wife (Y)
Narrator Brother/ X’s

Sister
(X) Brother
Using the family tree, try and identify the relationship asked in the question. In this case, clearly X is the
daughter or son of Y. But given that we do not know the gender of X, we cannot determine if its daughter or
son.

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2. Pointing to a photograph, a man said, “I have no brother or sister, but that man's father is my
father's son" Whose photograph was it?
a. His own b. His son’s c. His father’s d. His brother’s
Solution:
Step 1) The following relationships are given in the question:

I have no brother or sister, but that man's father is my father's son
1) Man in the photograph’s father

2) Narrator’s father’s son
Step 2: The question asks to identify the relationship between the narrator and the man in
the photograph. Let’s call the narrator X and man in the photograph Y.
Step 3: Now narrator’s father’s son will be Narrator himself (he is a male as the question
says “a man said”), as the question says that Narrator does not have any brother or sister.
Now man in the photograph’s father i.e. Y’s father is Narrator’s father’s son i.e. Narrator
himself. So Y’s father is Narrator.
The family tree for the question will look as follows:
X’s
Father
Father / Son
SonFather of Y/
Son of X’s Father
Father / Son
Man in the
photograph(Y)
Step 4: Looking at the tree above, once can say that Father of Y = Son of X’s Father. And
since X does not have any brother or sister, Son of X’s Father is X himself. So X is the Father
of Y. So Y i.e. the Man in the photograph is the son of X.

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Another example in blood relations questions is the relationship puzzle, where mutual blood relations or other
information of more than one group of persons is mentioned and then the connection between the two groups is
specified. The student is expected to decipher the full linkage between all the person’s mentioned in the
question.
1. A and B are brothers. C and D are sisters. A's son is D's brother. How is B related to C?
a. Son b. Daughter c. Uncle d. Brother in law
Solution: The best way to solve such questions is by drawing a flow chart / family tree
connecting all peoples within a group. In a family tree, try and show different
generations at different levels e.g. one above the other and so on, while all people of the
same generation at the same level. See the figure given below for example.
Husband Husband
Mother
/ Wife
(Y)
Narrator Brother X’s

/ Sister
(X) Brother
Since Narrator and his brother are same generation they are at the same level. While their parents are
one generation up and hence are above them. The kids of narrator and his brother would be below
them and so on.
Now applying the same principle to the given question, we get the following chart:
Brothers Sisters
A B C D
Now connect the two groups as they are given. Here A’s son is D’s brother. So the
relationship tree is as follows. Let’s assume A’s son is E. The family tree will look as
follows:
Brothers
A B
Son
Brother- Sisters
E Sister C D
In this case, E, C and D are siblings (brothers / sisters) and B is their uncle. So answer is C.

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Another type of question is where you have to find the number of a particular type of people (e.g.
male, female, wives, etc.) in a group, when you are provided with some description of the group. An
example is given below:
3. A party consists of grandmother, father, mother, four sons and their four wives and one son
and two daughters to each of the sons. How many females are there in all?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16
Solution: Let’s start from the sons and their wives. Given that there are four sons and their wives.
There are 4 females (wives). Now each son has two daughters which means there are 8 females more
(daughters). So till now there are 12 females i.e. 4 wives and 8 daughters. Now there is a mother and
one grandmother. So there are two more females. Hence the total number of females is 14. So the
answer is C.
At times, there are questions which are based on coded relationships, where each code depicts the type
of relationship which exists between two people and student is expected to establish the linkage
between any two people given in the question. An example is given below:
In order to solve these questions a student will need to progress systematically. The first step
should be to replace each coded sign with the equivalent relationship and then solve for the
linkage between various relationships.
4. If A - B means A is the wife of B; A x B means A is the brother of B; A + B means A is the

son of B and A = B means A is the sister of B, then what does P + R - Q means?
a. Q is the father of P b. Q is the son of P
c. Q is the uncle of P d. Q is the brother of P
Solution: Let’s start solving one relationship at a time. Let’s begin with R-Q, which means, R is the
wife of Q. Now P+R means, P is the son of R. So R and Q are husband and wife and P is their son. So
answer A is correct, that is Q is the father of P. An important thing to consider in these questions
is to keep a check on the objects/persons on two sides of the given code, as in A=B, means A is
the sister of B and not B is the sister of A.
ALPHABETICAL QUIBBLE
In this section, the position of an alphabet is given in the form of a puzzle. The child has to identify
the letter. In some questions a child may also be asked to count the number of times a particular letter
is repeated in a given random series.
The following explains the broad categories of questions:
CORRECT ALPHABET SERIES:

In these questions, the alphabets are given in the correct order and the child has to find the letter on
the basis of the given position of the letter.
1) In the English alphabet, which letter will be to the immediate left of N?

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A) M B) O C) L D) K
Solution: Clearly, M is the letter to the immediate left of N. So, correct answer is option A)
2) Which letter is exactly midway between H and S in the given alphabet?

A) L B) M C) N D) No such letter
Solution: There are 10 letters between H and S. So clearly, there is no such letter which is
exactly in the middle. So, the correct answer is option D)
3) Which letter is the seventh to the right of the thirteenth letter from your left?
A) S B) T C) U D) V
Solution: Thirteenth letter from the left is M. Counting from M, the seventh letter on the right is T.
OR
Seventh to the right of thirteenth letter from left will be twentieth letter from the left which is T.
Hence, the correct answer is option B)
These questions are not at all difficult, but just require a little bit of concentration and
systematic approach. The first thing a student should do for these questions is write down the
alphabets with their corresponding positions as shown below and then solve the question.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
REVERSE ALPHABET SERIES:

In these questions, the alphabets are given in the reverse order and the child has to find the letter on
the basis of the letter position in the series.
Similar to above, the first thing a student should do for these questions is write down the
alphabets with their corresponding positions as shown below and then solve the question.
1) In the English alphabet, which is the fifth letter from the right?
A) D B) E C) V D) W
Solution: Clearly, the fifth letter from the right is V. Hence, the correct answer is option C)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2) If the alphabets are written in the reverse order, which will be the ninth letter to the right of
N?
A) E B) G C) V D) W
Solution: In the reverse alphabetical series, N comes as the 13 letter from the left. Now 9th letter to
th
the right of N would be 9+13=22nd letter which is E.

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Alternately, the child could also solve this as follows:

The ninth letter to the right of N in the reverse series will be the same as is the same as the ninth
letter to the left of N in the alphabetical series which is E. Hence, the correct answer is option A)
3) If the English alphabets are written in the reverse order, which letter will be twelfth to the
left of the sixteenth letter from left?
A) D B) V C) W D) X
Solution: In this case, lets first solve for one condition and then the other and so on. First lets find the 16th letter
from left is K. Now 12th letter to the left of 16th would be 16-12=4th letter from the left. So the letter is W. Hence,
the correct answer is option C)
MIXED SERIES:
In these questions, a new series is formed either by deleting some alphabets or interchanging the
positions of some alphabets or replacing some letters with lower/upper case letters or replacing some
letters with numbers, etc. and the child is asked to find the correct letter.
1) Which letter is midway between 22nd letter from the left and 21st letter from the right?
A) L B) M C) N D) P
nd st
Solution: The 22 letter from the left is V and the 21 letter from the right is F. The letter midway
between F and V is N. Hence, the correct answer is option C)
2) If the alphabets are divided in two equal halves - from A to M and N to Z, which letter in
the latter half would be corresponding to the letter J?
A) Q B) V C) X D) W
th th
Solution: J is the 10 letter in the first series. The 10 letter from N is W. Hence, the correct answer
is option D)
3) If every alternate letter starting from B is deleted from the given alphabet, which of the
following will be the tenth letter from the right end?
A) G B) D C) Q D)
H Solution: After deleting the alternate letters in the series, the new
series is: A C E G I K M O Q S U W Y
Clearly, the 10th letter from the right in this series is G. Hence, the correct answer is A)
4) If the second half of the English alphabet is written in reverse order, which letter will be
seventh to the right of the twelfth letter from the left end?
A) R B) S C) U D) V
Solution: Solve this problem step by step
Step 1) Writing the second half of the alphabets in reverse order, we get the below series:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVUTSRQPO N
Step 2) We have to find the letter which is 7th to the right of the 12th letter from the left end. So
let us first find the alphabet which is 12th from the left end. The twelfth letter from the left end

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in this series is L
Step 3) Find the 7th letter to the right of L. It is U. Hence, the correct answer is option C)
COUNT THE LETTER:

In these questions, a random series and a set of conditions are given and the child is required to count
the number of times an alphabet is repeated in the series based on the given conditions.
In such a problem the most common mistake a child makes is missing out on a few alphabets
which meet the condition or sometime counting a few which do not. Best way to solve this is to
keep ticking the alphabets which meet the condition and then double check for 1) If you have
missed any other alphabet which meets the condition and 2) If all alphabets which have been
marked meet the given condition. These are all problems which test the concentration of a child.
1) In the following list of letters, how many O's are followed by Q's but not preceded by D's?
DOQODQODODQDOQDSDQ POQDSSSDOQOQDOQDDDOQ
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
Solution: We can see that there are 7 O’s which are followed by Q’s. Out of these 7, there are 5 which
are preceded by D. Hence, the correct answer is 2 i.e. option C). This question has two conditions. If
a child finds it difficult to focus on both conditions together, get him to take one condition at a
time. First start with condition 1 – i.e. Os which are followed by Qs
As highlight in blue colour and underlined above, there are 7 such Os. Now from this eliminate
the Os which do not follow the condition 2 i.e. not preceded by D
As shown above, 5 such Os get eliminated Hence the answer is 2.
2) In the series below :

HDYSMWNBQPOCRTBLZVEGUF
Which letter has the same neighbours as in the alphabetical order although they have changed places?
A) M B) N C) O D) P
Solution: The neighbours for the letters P in the alphabetical order are O & Q. In the given series,
these letters appear as the neighbours of P, but they have changed places, compared to their places in
alphabetical order. Hence, the correct answer is P i.e. option D)
3) In the following series, count each N which is immediately followed by X but X is not
immediately followed by T. How many such N's are there ?
N X N T Q M N X T M X N X C N Q M N N X Q N X T X N A M X N X M A) 2
B) 4 C) 5 D) 7
Solution: We can see that the number of N’s which are followed by X immediately is 6. Out of these,
there are 2 X’s which are followed by T. Hence, the number of N’s which is immediately followed
by X but X is not followed by T is 4 i.e. option B)

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MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS
These questions typically consist of questions on simple mathematical operations. Here, the
four fundamental operations — addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and also statements such as
‘less than’, 'greater than', 'equal to', 'not equal to’, etc. are represented by symbols, different from the usual
ones. The questions involving these operations are set using artificial symbols. The candidate has to substitute
the real signs and solve the questions accordingly, to get the answer.
As with other multiple instruction questions, these questions are typically not very difficult, but require
the child to progress in a systematic way. The best way to solve these problems is to first replace all the
operators or symbols with their new meanings / operators. This would change the equation into a
simple mathematical expression. While solving a mathematical expression, proceed according to the
BODMAS rule — i.e., Brackets, Order, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.
For example, (36 -12) ÷ 4 + 6 ÷ 2 x 3 = 24 ÷ 4 + 6 ÷ 2 x 3 (Solving Bracket)

= 6 + 3 x 3 (Solving Division)
= 6+9 (Solving Multiplication)
= 15 (Solving Addition)
The following explains the broad type of questions which one can find:
PROBLEM-SOLVING BY SUBSTITUTION:
In this type, you are provided with substitutes for various mathematical symbols, followed by a question
involving calculation of an expression or choosing the correct/incorrect equation. One is required to put in
the real signs in the given equation and then solve the questions as required.
An easier one for students who have not been taught BODMAS is
1. If + means -, - means +, then 3 - 15 + 10 = ?
Solution: The best way to approach these problems is to substitute the operators with their “substitution
operator” and then solve the problem. So in this case, in the problem, “3 - 15 + 10”, we substitute – by + and
+ by -, we get the revised questions as “3+15-10”. So the answer is 3+15 = 18 and then 18-10 = 8. So the
answer is 8.
2. If x means +, - means x, + means - , then (3 - 15 + 19) x 8 - 6 = ?
Solution: Solving by method of substitution,(3 - 15 + 19) x 8 – 6 can be re-written as (3 x 15 – 19 )

+8x6
Following the BODMAS rule and solving the equation = (45 – 19) + 48
= (26) +48
= 74
ALPHABETS FOR VARIOUS SYMBOLS:
One is required to put in signs instead of the alphabets in the expression/equation and then solve the
questions as required.
3. If a means 'plus', b means 'minus', c means 'multiplied by', then 18 a 10 b 5 b 2 a 20 = ?
Solution: Now translating the expression, 18 a 10 b 5 b 2 a 20 as 18 + 10 - 5 - 2 + 20
Solving, 18 + 10 - 5 - 2 + 20 ,
= 28 - 5 - 2 + 20
= 23 – 2 + 20 = 21 + 20 = 41

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4. In each of the following questions, different alphabets stand for various symbols as indicated below :
Addition: O Subtraction: M Multiplication: A Division: Q
Equal to: X Greater than: Y Less than : Z
 Out of the four alternatives given in these questions, only one is correct according to the above
letter symbols. Identify the correct answer.
(a) 12 Z 4 O 1 M 4 (b) 8 Y 12 O 3 M 2
(c) 10 X 2 O 2 M 4 O 10 (d) 20 X 4 O 2 O 1 M 4 M 2
Solution: Substituting the alphabets in the options with the proper use of symbols, we solve the expression
and conclude whether the it’s true or false.
Using the proper notations in (a), 12 Z 4 O 1 M 4 = 12 < 4 + 1 - 4
= 12 < 1, which is false
Similarly, 8 Y 12 O 3 M 2 is 8 > 12 + 3 - 2
8 > 15-2
8 > 13 which is false
Similarly, 10 X 2 O 2 M 4 O 10 is 10 = 2 + 2 - 4 + 10
10 = 4 - 4 + 10
10 = 10, which is true
So answer is C
 Out of the four alternatives given in these questions, only one is correct according to the above
letter symbols. Identify the correct answer.
(a) 12 Z 2 A 4 O 1 A 4 M 4 (b) 8 Y 2 A 3 A 4 Q 2 A 4
(c) 10 X 2 O 2 A 4 O 1 M 2 (d) 20 X 4 O 2 Q 1 A 4 A 2
Solution: Substituting the alphabets in the options with the proper use of symbols, we solve the expression
and conclude whether the it’s true or false.
Using the proper notations in (a), 12 Z 2 A 4 0 1 A 4 M 8 = 12 Z 2 A 4 O 1 A 4 M 4
= 12 < 2 x 4 + 1 x 4 – 4
= 12 < 8 + 4 – 4
= 12 < 8 which is false
Similarly, 8 Y 2 A 3 A 4 Q 2 A 4 is 8>2x3x4÷2x4
8>2x3x2x4
8 > 48 which is false
Similarly, 10 X 2 O 2 A 4 O 1 M 2 is 10 = 2 + 2 x 4 + 1 – 2
10 = 2 + 8 + 1 – 2
10 = 9 this is false
Similarly, 20 X 4 O 2 Q 1 A 4 A 2 is 20 = 4 + 2 ÷ 1 x 4 x 2
20 = 4 + 2 x 4 x 2
20 = 20
INTERCHANGE OF SIGNS AND NUMBERS:

In this type, interchanges in signs and numbers are made and the equation is to be solved following the
BODMAS rule. In this type, the two expressions on either side of the sign (=) will have the same value if two
terms on either side or on the same side are interchanged. The correct terms to be interchanged have been given
as one of the four alternatives under the expressions, find the correct alternative.

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5. If the given interchanges namely: signs ÷ and + and numbers 2 and 4 are made in signs and numbers,
which one of the following four equations would be correct?
(a) 2 + 4 ÷ 3 = 3 (b) 4 + 2 ÷ 6 = 1.5 (c) 4 + 2 ÷ 3 = 4 (d) 2 + 4 ÷ 6 = 8
Solution: Interchanging ÷ and + and 2 and 4, we get:

(a) 4 ÷ 2 + 3 = 3 or 5 = 3, which is false.
(b) 2 ÷ 4 + 6 = 1.5 or 6.5 = 1.5, which is false.
(c) 2 ÷ 4 + 3 = 4 or 3.5 = 4, which is false.
(d) 4 ÷ 2 + 6 = 8 or 8 = 8, which is true.
6. Which one of the four interchanges in signs and numbers would make the given equation correct? 6 x 4
+ 2=16
(a) + and x, 2 and 4 (b) + and x, 2 and 6
(c) + and x, 4 and 6 (d) None of these
Solution: Applying the rule provided in each option, we can rewrite the equation as:
(a) ) 6 + 2 x 4 = 16 or 14 = 16, which is false.
(b) 2 + 4 x 6 = 16 or 26 = 12, which is false.
(c) ) 4 + 6 x 2 = 16 or 16 = 16, which is true
Since substitution in C gives the right answer, the answer is C.
DERIVING THE APPROPRIATE CONCLUSIONS:
7. It being given that x denotes 'greater than', $ denotes 'equal to’, < denotes 'not less than', + denotes 'not equal to, A
denotes 'less than' and + denotes 'not greater than ‘, choose the correct statement from the following:
 If a x b A c is true, it follows that

(a) a $ c A b (b) b < a x c (c) a < b + c (d) c + b < a
Solution: Using the usual notations, the given statement, a x b A c implies a > b < c which can be written as a > b , c > b
(а) The statement is a = b < c, which is false
(b) The statement is b not less than a > c, which is false
(c) The statement is a not less than b, and b is not greater than c, which is true
(d) The statement is c is not equal to b, which in turn is not less than a, which is false
Hence, the statement (c) is true
OTHER TOPICS
NUMBER TEST:
In this section, the child is given a random number series and asked to identify the number which complies with
the given conditions. In some questions, there can be more than one condition and one needs to approach the
question in a structured manner to arrive at the solution. Some of the examples are as below:
1) Which is the number which is exactly in the middle of the following sequence of numbers?
12345678924680975310987654321
A) 0 B) 9 C) 7 D) 5

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Solution: We can see that the total numbers in the given sequence is 29. Hence the number in the middle
i.e. at 15th position is 9. So, the correct answer is option B)
2) If the position of the first and the sixth digits of the sequence of numbers 8 9 0 3 2 1 4 6 7 5 are
interchanged, the second and the seventh and so on, which number would be seventh from the right
end?
A) 2 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8
Solution: After interchanging the numbers, the sequence becomes: 1 4 6 7 5 8 9 0 3 2. Seventh number from
the right in this series is 7. So, the correct answer is option C)
RANKING TEST:
In this section, a child is asked to find the rank of any student based on some given conditions. Some of the
examples are as below:
3) Sachin ranked ninth from the top and thirty eighth from the bottom in a class. How many students
are there in the class?
A) 45 B) 46 C) 47 D) 48
Solution: Since Sachin is ranked ninth from the top, there are 8 students above him and since he is ranked
thirty eighth from the bottom, there are 37 students below him. So the total number of students
= 8 + 37 + 1 = 46. Hence, the correct answer is option B)
4) In a row of boys, Deepak is seventh from the left and Madhu is twelfth from the right. If they
interchange their positions, Deepak becomes twenty-second from the left. How many boys are there
in the row?
A) 25 B) 32 C) 33 D) 34
Solution: By combining the two statements, we know that Madhu’s position is twelfth from the right and
twenty-second from the left. So there 11 students below and 21 students above Madhu. So, total number of
students is 11+21+1 = 33. Hence, the correct answer is option C)
TIME AND DATE:

In these type of questions, the child is given a set of instructions generally related to a date or time. Based on
these instructions, the solution has to be arrived in a structured manner.
5) If 1st October is a Sunday, then 1st November will be?

A) Sunday B) Monday C) Tuesday D) Wednesday
Solution: There are 31 days in the month of October. 29th of October will be a Sunday and 1st November is 3
days after 29th and hence is a Wednesday. Hence, the correct answer is option D)
DIRECTION TESTS:
This sections tests the child on their direction sense. In some questions, the child may also be asked to
calculate the distance from the starting point. The best way to solve this problem is to represent the person
in the problem with an arrow with the arrow pointing in the direction in which they are facing. Some of
the examples are as below:
6) If A is facing North direction and takes three lefts and two rights then which direction will he end up
facing?
A) North B) East C) West D) South

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Solution: After taking three lefts, A now faces East. Now A takes two rights and faces West. Hence, the correct
answer option C). An alternate way to solve this is to cancel out rights with lefts. So given A took 2 rights
and 3 lefts, we can cancel 2 rights with 2 lefts. So in totality A just took one left from where he was facing.
So A now faces West.
North
A
West East
South
7) Nikhil starts from his house towards West. After walking a distance of 30 metres, he turned towards
right and walked 20 metres. He then turned left and moving a distance of 10 metres, turned to his left
again and walked 40 metres. He now turns to the left and walks 5 metres. Finally he turns to his left.
In which direction is he walking now?
A) North B) South C) West D) East
Solution: Nikhil is facing in the West direction. After taking a right, he now faces North. Now, he turns left
and is facing the West direction again. One more left and he faces South. Here, he takes a left again and finally
faces the East direction. He then turns left again and faces North. Hence, the correct answer is option A). Again
similar to above, a student can calculate number of rights and lefts in the question and net them off. So
overall Nikhil took 1 right and 4 lefts. So after netting off left with right, we can conclude he took three
lefts, from the direction in which he was walking earlier. So he is now walking in North direction. Please
notice that in this question the distances have no meaning and are given just to test a child’s concentration
and whether the child is able to separate the meaningful information from the information which is not
useful.
SUBSTITUTION QUESTIONS
In these type of questions a child is given multiple substitutions and one of these substitutions is used to answer
the question which is asked. This is perhaps the easiest of multiple instruction problems. We at LogIQids, do
not like these questions, but have put this as it is an important category in several entrance exams.
8) If white is called blue, blue is called red, red is called yellow, yellow is called green and green is
called black, then what would be the colour of human blood ?
Solution: In this case we know that the colour of human blood is red and here red is called yellow. So the
answer is yellow.

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OTHERS
Besides the above categories, there are a few questions which still check a child’s ability to process
multiple instructions or process a lot of data but are more generic in nature. We classify them as
Quantitative Problems: Ability to process several instructions which involve numbers or calculations.
Some of the examples are as below:
9) How many two digit numbers are there that when multiplied by 4 give an answer less than 100?
A) 12 B) 13 C) 14 D) 15
Solution: All numbers from 10 to 24 when multiplied by 4 give an answer less than 100. 25 or a greater
number when multiplied by 4 gives at least 100, So, there are 15 such two digit numbers.
10) A number 76 is taken and an operation is performed on it. The result obtained is an odd number.
What operation might have been performed on the number taken?
A) Number is multiplied by an odd number B) Number is multiplied by an even number
C) Number is multiplied by itselfD) None of These
Solution: An even number multiplied by any natural number gives an even number always. Hence, fourth
option is correct.
11) A teacher has 98 chalks in total. When a chalk reduces to 1/7 of its original size, it gets too small for
her to hold for writing and hence she keeps it aside. But the teacher hates wasting things and so, when
she realizes that she has enough of these small pieces to join and make another chalk of the same
size, she joins them and uses the new chalk stick. If she uses one chalk each day, how many days
would the 98 chalks last?
A) 84 B) 98 C) 112 D) 114
Solution: It is clear that 98 chalks would last 98 days. Each chalk leaves a fraction of 1/7 its size so 98 such
fractions remain which would give 14 more chalks. So 98 + 14 =112 days. Now the 14 chalks also leave a
fraction of 1/7 its size, hence 14 fractions which can give two more chalks and hence these chalks can last 2
more days, i.e. 112 + 2 =114 days. Hence the correct answer is option (D).
Qualitative Problems: Ability to process several instructions which do not involve numbers.
12) Given below is a grid of numbers from 1 to 5. A person needs to go from point A to point B. He can
only move on squares with consecutive increasing numbers i.e. from a square with number 1, he can
only go to a square with number 2; from a square with number 2 he can only go on a square with
number 3 and so on. From one square, he can move to any adjacent square – the squares should either
have a common boundary or a common corner. How many different ways are there for a person to
go from A to B?
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

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Solution:
13) How many vowels are there that are four places ahead of a vowel in English alphabet?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Solution: E is 4 places ahead of A. I is 4 places ahead of E. Hence E and I, there are two such alphabets.
14) A four person crew from Logiqids is painting Mr. Field’s building. Mohit is painting the front of the
building. Rahul is in the area behind the building painting the back. Jed is painting the window frames
on the north side, Sumit is on the south. If Mohit switches places with Jed, and Jed then switches
places with Sumit, where is Sumit?
A) In the alley behind the building B) On the north side of the building
C) In front of the building D) On the south side of the building
Solution: When Mohit switches with Jed, Jed moves to the front of the building. Then Jed switches with Sumit
to send Sumit to the front of the building. Therefore option C is the correct answer.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1 - Who will be the only grandson of Deep's father’s father?
a) Deep b) Binoy
c) Sidhhu d) Cannot be determined
Below is given a set of five games and the number of players that can play these games. No game is
played by more than five players. Based on this information, answer the questions that follow.
2 - Which of these statements is definitely false?

a) All games require at least 5 players b) All games can be played by a single player
c) Chess is played by 2 players only d) Both A and B
3 - Jimmy started from his home and ran 10 km towards West. Then, he took a right turn and ran 10
km. In which direction should he run now to reach back his initial position?
a) West b) South-East
c) North-West d) North-East
4 - If the alphabets are written in the reverse order in a straight line, which letter will be the sixth
letter to the right of L?
a) F b) D
c) G d) R
5 - The brother of my wife is married to Rekha. What is the relation of Rekha's husband with my son?
a) Father b) Brother
c) Maternal Uncle d) Son
6 - Pointing to a picture, a woman said, "The man in the picture is father of my husband's brother".
What is the relation of this woman with the man in the picture?
a) Daughter b) Wife
c) Mother d) Daughter-in-law
7 - Anita is mother of father of Vikram. What is the relation of Vikram with Anita?
a) Son b) Grandson
c) Father d) Brother

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8 - Tanvir is facing in West direction. She takes a right turn. Then, she takes left turn two times.
Then, she takes a right turn again. Then, she takes a left turn three times. In which direction is she
facing now?
a) West b) East
c) South d) North
9 - The elder brother of father of Shakti is Nilesh. What is the relation of Shakti with Nilesh?
a) Uncle b) Father
c) Son d) Brother
Directions for Questions 10 and 11: Aman, Nitesh, Saurabh and Prashant are facing towards North,
East, South and West, not necessarily in the same order. Aman and Saurabh are facing directions
which are opposite to each other.
10 - If Saurabh is facing East and Prashant is facing North, then which direction is Nitesh
facing?
a) North b) West
c) South d) None of these
11 - If Aman is facing West, then which is the direction that Prashant cannot face?
a) North b) East
c) South d) None of these
12 - Kinjal ranked sixth from the top and thirty fifth from the bottom in a class. Rahul ranked
15th from the top in the class. What would be his rank from the bottom in the class?
a) 25th b) 24th
c) 26th d) 27th
13 - If + means - , - means x and x means +, what would be the value of 23 - 45 x 6712 + 231- 12?
a) 4975 b) 6712
c) 8841 d) 2327
14 - If + means - and - means +, what would be the value of 31 - 27 - 12 + 7 + 16?

a) 27 b) 33
c) 47 d) 49

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15 - In a row of children, Deepti is 9th from the left and Abhilasha is 13th from the right.
They exchange their positions and then Deepti now becomes 17th from the left. Find new
position of Abhilasha from the right end of the row.
a) 20th b) 21st
c) 22nd d) Cannot be determined
16 - Kim and Kane are standing with their faces towards North and West directions,
respectively. How many times Kane should turn to his left so that both of them have their faces
in same direction?
a) 3 b) 2
c) 1 d) 5
17 - If + means x and - means x, what would be the value of 5 - 6 - 7 + 2?

a) 16 b) 20
c) 136 d) 420
18 - If we use a system called BODSAM instead of BODMAS, what would be the value of the
expression: (6 + 2 x 10 - 2) / 2?
a) 28 b) 32
c) 12 d) 10
Directions for Questions from 19 to 21: An Input Output machine takes a number or a word or any
data as input, and based on this input data, it gives a particular output. An Input Output machine is
shown below that takes natural numbers as input and outputs natural numbers. Based on this
information, answer the questions that follow.
19 - What will be the output if (231 + 873) is sent as an input?

a) 1 b) 2
c) 0 d) None of these
20 - 272 is sent as input and the received output is again sent as input. What will be the final
output?

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a) 1 b) 2
21 - Two consecutive natural numbers are sent as input one by one. The outputs obtained are
multiplied together and sent again as input. What will be the final output?
a) 1 b) 2
22 - I am a two digit number between 41 and 60. I am divisible by 8 but not by 6? Which of
the following numbers am I divisible by?
a) 7 b) 3
c) 13 d) 11
Directions for Questions 23 and 24: Two dices P and Q are taken. On dice P, consecutive
natural numbers are written from 1 to 6 on its faces. On dice Q, consecutive natural numbers
are written from 2 to 7 on its faces. Based on this information, answer the questions that follow.
23 - Both the dice are thrown together. Which of these could NOT be the possible outcome?
a) 2 on each dice b) 3 on dice P and 7 on dice Q
c) 4 on each dice d) 3 on dice Q and 7 on dice P
24 - Both the dice are thrown together. Which of these can never be the difference of outcomes
on two dices?
a) 0 b) 1
c) 6 d) 7
25 - In the following series of letters, count the number of Bs that have As immediately after
them and have Cs just before them.
a) 2 b) 3
c) 4 d) 5
26 - Raj is ranked 5th from the top of the class and Rahul is ranked 7th from the bottom of
the class. Class ranks of Rahul and Raj differ by 18. How many students are there in the class?
a) 12 b) 30
c) 29 d) 31

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27 - The mothers of Ganesh and Mahesh are sisters. What is the relation between Mahesh
and Ganesh?
a) Siblings b) Cousin
c) Father and Son d) None of these
28 - The grandfather of Nikhil and Ginny is same. But their fathers are different. What is
the relation between Nikhil and Ginny?
a) Siblings b) Uncle and Nephew
c) Father and son d) Cousin
ANSWERS
1) D
2) D
3) B
4) A
5) C
6) D
7) B
8) D
9) A
10) C
11) B
12) C
13) A
14) C
15) B
16) A
17) D
18) B
19) A
20) B
21) A
22) A
23) D
24) D
25) C
26) C
27) B
28) D

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Topic Note: Conclusions

The idea behind this category is to develop the ability of a child to derive a conclusion from a given
set of statements. The questions in this category can broadly be classified in two categories:
1) Logical Deduction: The questions in this category essentially test a student’s ability to deduce
conclusions on the basis of a set of premises. There are various types of questions in this sub-
topic.
2) Case Interpretation: The questions in this category usually focus on testing the ability of a
child to determine if the information given is sufficient to answer the question or not OR find
the option which provides the same information as given in the question but in a different way.
There could be various types of questions in this category. Some of these are as follows:
relatively difficult. However we have preferred to keep them in the topic note to give the
student and parent an idea about various different type of questions. These relatively
difficult questions have been highlighted in red font.
LOGICAL DEDUCTION
In these type of questions, usually the student is given a set of statements and he is required to deduce
a conclusion on the basis of the given statements.
In order to solve most conclusion based questions, two key things are required:
1) Proceed in a systematic way by listing down all the given conditions in the question. Ideal
way to do this is either to form a list or a table which helps the child summarize all the
given information
2) For each piece of information / condition which the child lists down, it is important to
understand what that information concludes and right down all possible conditions in the
table
To understand this better, let’s try and solve the following question:
1. Three friends A, B and C go to eat an ice-cream. Each one of them buys 1 ice-cream, which he
likes. They bought Chocbar, Vanilla and Butterscotch. A does not like Chocbar. B does not
like Vanilla and Chocbar. Which ice-cream did A buy?
Now in this case, lets form a table to systematically capture all the information. Given in this
case the most important association which is being asked is “Which friend had which ice-cream”,
let’s make a table which correlates friends with ice-creams:

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Friend Chocbar Vanilla Butterscotch

Name
A
B
C
Now let us use each information one by one:

Statement 1: Each one of them buys one ice-cream which they like ------> IMPLICATION: Since
there are three ice-creams and three friends and each one bought only one, that means no ice-
cream was bought by more than one friend. Also if the statement says A did not like something
means he did not buy it (as each person only bought the ice-cream they like)
Statement 2: Says A does not like chocbar. So A did not like Chocbar. So the table can be
populated as follows:

Name
A  ? ?
B ?
C ?
So A had vanilla or butterscotch. B or C had Chocbar.

Statement 3: B does not like Vanilla and Chocbar --- Implication is B likes Butterscotch. Now
from statement 1, since A can have only Vanilla or Butterscotch, and each person has a different
ice-cream than the other, A had Vanilla. So C had the third one i.e. Chocbar. The table now
looks as follows:

Name
A   
B   
C   
In most of the conclusion questions, the interplay of various given statements produces very
interesting conclusion and that should be a key focus area for a student.

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2. There are 200 people working in a company. The first group of 60 workers work from
9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. The second group of 30 workers work from 10:30 a.m. to 7:30
p.m. The third group of 50 workers work from 2:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. and the fourth
group of the remaining workers work from 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. At what time should
the company inspector come to inspect the warehouse so that he can take note of
maximum number of workers?
a) 5.00 pm
b) 12.10 pm
c) 1.10 pm
d) He can visit the warehouse any time
Solution: Out of the given options, the number of people working at 5:00 p.m., 12:10 p.m., 1:10 p.m.
are 140,90 and 30 respectively. Clearly maximum workers will be seen in the warehouse at 5:00 p.m.
Hence the inspector should come at 5:00 p.m. Hence the correct answer is option (A).
VENN DIAGRAMS / SYLLOGISM (This is generally tough for grade 4 kids, but we are just
introducing basic Venn diagrams here. Parents may have to help the child understand what a
Venn diagram really is)
The questions which are asked in this section contain two or more statements and these statements
are followed by two or more conclusions. You have to find out which of the conclusions logically
follow from the given statements. The statements have to be taken to be true even if they seem to
be at variance from the commonly known facts.
For such questions, you can take the help of Venn Diagrams. On the basis of the given statements,
you should draw all the possible diagrams, and then derive the solution from each of these diagrams
separately. Finally, the answer common to the all the diagrams is taken.
Below are given some statements along with the conclusions that can be deduced and the Venn
diagrams that can be made for each of these:
1. Statement: Some A is B
This statement means that there are some members in group A which are a part of B and WE CAN
ALSO SAY some members in group B which are a part of group A. As can be seen in the picture, this
part is highlighted in red in the below figure.
Conclusions:
 Some A is B

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 Some B is A
2. Statement: All A is B
This statements means that All members of group A belong to group B. We do not know if All B is A
or not. So as we can see, there are two possible Venn Diagrams that can be made for this statement.
Either A is a part of B or A is equal to B. Please note that every element of group A belongs to group
B but we cannot say the same about B. Every element of B may or may not be a part of group A. As
can be seen in Fig 1 below, there could be some elements in the Red region which may not be a part
of group A.
Conclusions:
 All A is B
 Some B is A
 Some B may not be A
3. Statements : No A is B.
This statements means that No element of group A belongs to group B. Similarly, no element of group
B belongs to group A as well.
Conclusions:
 No A is B
 No B is A
Given below are some Venn Diagram Questions and the inferences that we can make on the basis of
the Venn Diagrams:

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Venn Diagram 1 :
Inferences :
 All buses are vans
 Some vans are buses
 Some vans are cycles
 Some cycles are vans
Venn Diagram 2 :
Inferences :
 All buses are vans
 Some vans are buses
 Some vans are cycles
 Some cycles are vans
 Some buses are cycles
 Some cycles are buses
Venn Diagram 3 :
Inferences :
 No coin is a ring
 No ring is a coin

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 No coin is a bangle
 No bangle is a coin
 All rings are bangles
 Some bangles are rings
Venn Diagram 4:
Inferences :
 No coin is a ring
 No ring is a coin
 All rings are bangles
 Some bangles are rings
 Some coins are bangles
 Some bangles are coins
Syllogism: There are some questions where a child is given a conclusion and then asked to choose
which of the statements in the question would lead to that conclusion. This is reverse of venn diagram
questions.
Using which of the pair of statements can we conclude this: No table is chair?
a) Some tables are wood. Some woods are chair.
b) Some tables are wood. No wood is chair.
c) All tables are wood. No wood is chair.
d) None of these
Solution: Third option says that anything that is wood cannot be a chair and a table is wood. Therefore
a table cannot be a chair.
RANKING TEST:
In this section, comparative information between things is given and a student is required to deduce
the rank of a particular person on the basis of the information. The best way to solve such problems is
to use "greater than", "less than" and “Equal to” signs to express each condition provided.
An important thing here is to arrive at the right conclusion. Lot of times we are coloured by our
thinking and hence end up making assumptions of our own. To give you an example, lets look at
the following cases:
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Information Inferenence
A is taller than B A’s height is more than B (very straightforward)
A is not shorter than B Since we haven’t been told that A and B necessarily have unequal heights, A is
not shorter than B, could mean A is either equal in height to B or taller than B
(here lot of students assume that A is taller than B, which is not correct)
All A, B and C have unequal height and A is not Since A and B necessarily have unequal heights, A is not shorter than B, means A
shorter than B is either equal in height to B or taller than B
1) If A is taller than B and B is taller than C, then who amongst them is the tallest?
a) A b) B c) C d) Cannot be determined
Solution: We know that A is taller than B (A > B) and B is taller than C (B>C). Merging the two
conditions, we get A>B>C which means A is the tallest. Hence, the correct answer is option a)
2) If A is not shorter than B and B is taller than C, then who amongst them is the tallest?
a) A b) B c) C d) Cannot be determined
Solution: We know that A is not shorter than B (A ≥ B) and B is taller than C (B > C). Merging the
two conditions, we get A ≥ B > C which means either A or B could be the tallest. So, the tallest person
cannot be determined on the basis of the given information. Hence, the correct answer is option d)
A Implies B (A→B):
Here, a conditional statement in the form of if A happens, B also happens (in short called A implies
B) is given and the student has to determine which of the given options will surely be true. Please note,
this does not mean that every time B happens, A also has to happen. But yes if B does not happen, then
we can surely say that A also did not happen (as whenever A happens, B will happen for sure). Lets
take an example as given below:
1) “If it is Tuesday, then I am not in school.” Assuming this statement is true, which of the
below is necessarily true?
a) If I am not in school, then it is Tuesday
b) If it is not Tuesday, then I am not in school
c) If I am in school, then it is not Tuesday
d) If it is Tuesday, then I am in school
Solution: Assume statement A as : “It is Tuesday” and statement B as “I am not in school”. So, the
given statement is if A happens, Then B also happens. Clearly if B happens, then it does not necessarily
mean A also happens. So if you do not go to school, it does not necessarily mean that it is Tuesday
only. It could be some other day. However if you went to school (ie. B did not happen), then we can
be sure that A also did not happen (i.e. it is not Tuesday). Hence, the correct answer is option c)

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CASE INTERPRETATION
Here, the child has to find the option which provides the same information as given in the question but
in a different way. Or find whether a particular set of data given is sufficient to answer the question.
In some cases the child may be given a statement and asked to find out the underlying assumption
made in the question or the conclusion that may be derived from it.
1) Soha has two siblings: a sister and a brother. From which of the given options can we
conclude that Soha has an elder brother?
a) Soha has two siblings: one of them is her twin and other one is elder to her
b) Soha has two siblings: one twin sister and a brother
c) Soha has two siblings: both elder to her
d) None of these
Solution: If Soha has two siblings - one brother and one sister and if both of them are elder to her,
then she surely has an elder brother. Therefore option C can help us conclude that Soha has an elder
brother.
2) Not everyone is strong. Which of these statements gives the same information as the given
statement?
a) Someone is not strong
b) All are strong
c) Nobody is strong
d) None of these
Solution: If not everyone is strong, then there are some that are not strong, or similarly, someone
is not strong. Hence option A is correct
DATA SUFFICIENCY:
In this section, a problem is put forward, followed by certain statements containing facts providing
clues to solve the question. The child is required to find out which of the given statements is/are
sufficient to answer the given question or what would be the additional information needed to answer
the question.
The best way to solve these questions is for the child to take one statement at a time. First take
statement 1 and see if it helps answer the question (important point to note is that please do not
assume any information on your own here and use only the information given in the particular
statement to check if it helps answer the question). Then try the same thing with statement 2 and
check if that alone helps answering the question. And if you still cannot answer it, try combining
both statements 1 and 2.
3) How is D related to A?
Statement 1 : B is the brother of A
Statement 2 : B is D’s son

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You have to decide if the information given in the statements is sufficient to answer the
above problem. Indicate your answer as :
a) Statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question
b) Statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question
c) Both statements 1 and 2 together are needed to answer the question
d) Both statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient to answer the question
Solution: Using statement 1 we know that B is the brother of A. But we can’t say anything about the
relationship between D and A. Using statement 2, we see that B is D’s son. Again, we don’t know
about D and A. Using the information in both the statements together, we can find the relationship
between D and A. Hence, the correct answer is option c)
4) How many visitors saw the exhibition yesterday?
Statement 1 : Each entry pass holder can take up to three persons with him/her
Statement 2 : In all, 243 passes were sold yesterday
a) Statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question
b) Statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the question
c) Both statements 1 and 2 together are needed to answer the question
d) Both statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient to answer the question
Solution: Using statement 1, we do not know the total number of visitors. Statement 2 gives us
information on the number of passes sold and not the visitors. If we use the information in both the
statements together, we would still not be able to answer the question as we only know that number of
passes sold and the number of visitors per pass varies from 1 to 3. Hence, the correct answer is option
d)
In some questions, the child may be given 3 statements instead of 2 and asked to check if they are
sufficient to answer the question or not.
5) In which year was Sanjay born?
Statement 1 : Sanjay is six years older than Gopal
Statement 2 : Gopal’s brother was born in 1982
Statement 3 : Sanjay’s brother is two years younger than Gopal’s brother who was eight years
younger than Gopal
a) Only Statement 1 and 2 together are sufficient to answer the question
b) Only Statement 2 and 3 together are sufficient to answer the question
c) Only Statement 1 and 3 together are sufficient to answer the question
d) All statements 1, 2 and 3 are needed to answer the question
Solution: Using statement 1, we do not know the year in which Sanjay was born. Statement 2 only
gives information about the year in which Gopal’s brother was born. Similarly, statement 3 does not
give information about Sanjay’s year of birth. If we combine all 3 statements together, we find that we
have all the information to determine Sanjay’s year of birth. Hence, the correct answer is option d)

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REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS:
In this section, given is a statement or a set of statements and the child has to determine the statement
which is redundant and provides no extra information. Some examples are as below:
In this case you are not asked any separate question, but just if any of the given statements
provide the same information as the other and hence is not required.
1) Below is given a set of five statements. Mark the statement as your answer which does not
provide any extra information.
A. Anuj is taller than Manish
B. Simran is heavier as well as taller than Shikhar
C. Shikhar is shorter than Simran
D. Anuj is lighter but taller than Shikhar
E. Avinash is shorter than Manish
a) A b) B c) C d) None of these
Solution: Statement B tells us that Simran is taller and heavier than Shikhar. Statement C tells us that
Shikhar is shorter than Simran which is redundant information. Hence, the correct option is C.
Between B and C, B does provide additional information to C and hence between B and C, B is
not redundant.
2) Below is given a set of four statements. Mark the statement as your answer which does not
provide any extra information.
A. A test is held every Wednesday in a school
B. If Wednesday is a holiday, then test is held on a Thursday
C. The first day of this year was a Monday
D. This year is a leap year
b) A b) B c) C d) None of these
Solution: Each statement provides a unique information that cannot be derived from other statements.
Hence, the correct option is D.
FINDING THE RIGHT QUESTION:

In this section, given is a statement or a set of statements and the child has to determine the question
which can be answered with the help of these statements.
This is reverse of data sufficiency questions and would need to be approached in a similar way.
1) Which of the questions from the given options can be answered using the below statements?
A. Sachin did not score more than 150 runs in the match

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B. Whenever Sachin scores 150 or more runs in a match, India wins the match
a) How many boundaries did Sachin score?
b) How many EXACT runs did Sachin score in the match?
c) Who won the match?
d) None of these
Solution: Using statements A and B, we cannot determine the number of boundaries and nor can we
determine the exact number of runs Sachin scored (we know he scored 150 or less but don’t have the
exact number). Similarly we also do not know if India won the match (it says if Sachin scores 150 or
more then India wins for sure, but does not say what happens if Sachin scores less than 150). Hence,
the correct option is D.
2) Which of the questions from the given options can be answered using only one of the below
statements?
A. Ravi goes to school only on Fridays
B. Shilpa is elder sister of her brother Ravi
C. Ravi has no brothers
D. Shilpa has only two sisters, Megha and Radha
1) How many brothers Megha has?
2) How many sisters does Shilpa has?
3) How many brothers Ravi has?
4) More than one of the above questions
Solution: Lets look at each question one by one. Q1 asks about number of brothers of Megha. We
cannot answer Q1 using only one of the statements. We need two statements – statement D and
statement B to deduce that Shilpa and Megha are sisters and they have one brother Ravi. For Q2, we
can deduce from Statement D that Shilpa has 2 sisters. For Q3, we can deduce from Statement C that
Ravi has no brother. So, we can answer all three questions. Hence, the correct option is D.

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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the statements in the given options will provide no extra information than the
given statement: Shakti is 10 years elder to his sister Shruti?
a) Shruti is younger to Shakti b) Shruti has two more brothers
c) Shakti and Stuti have three more siblings d) None of these
2. Which day of the week would be 27th January 2017?

Information 1 – 14th January of 2016 was a Saturday or Sunday
Information 2 – 16th September of 2016 was a Thursday
To answer the given question, which of the given information is/are sufficient?
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2 together d) Question cannot be answered
even if both information are used
3. How many sisters does the girl Nitika have?

Information 1 – Nitika’s father has four daughters.
Information 2 – The number of sisters Nitika has is thrice the number of brothers she has.
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
4. Out of P, Q, R and S, who ate the maximum sandwiches?

Information 1 – Q ate lesser sandwiches than P and S.
Information 2 – P did not eat maximum sandwiches.
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
5. From which of the options the given statement can be concluded: Kiran's house has at least
two doors?
a) Kiran has a bungalow b) There is a garden in front of Kiran's house
c) There are doors at front and back of Kiran's house d) None of these
6. One third of the fifteen banks are closed today. Which of these statements gives the same
information as the given statement?
a) All banks are closed today b) Five banks are closed today
c) Five of the fifteen banks are closed today d) None of these

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Directions for Questions from 7 and 8: Based on the Venn diagram given, answer the pair of questions.
7. Select the option that will definitely be true?

a) Some circles are pencils b) No pencil is figure
c) All figures are circles d) All ellipses are pencils
8. Select the option that will definitely be false?

a) All circles are ellipses b) No pencil is ellipse
c) Some figures are ellipses d) All figures are circles
9. Which of the given options is not true for the given Venn diagrams?
a) All juice is either tea or coffee b) Some juice is tea

c) Some juice is coffee d) None of these
10. Akhilesh is a teacher of Ganesh. Which of these statements gives the same information as
the given statement?
a) Ganesh is a student of Akhilesh b) Ganesh studies in a school
c) Ganesh likes English d) Akhilesh likes to teach
Directions for Questions from 11 and 12: Based on the Venn diagram given, answer the pair of questions.

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11. Select the option that will definitely be true?
a) Some orbits are latitudes b) All latitudes are longitudes

c) Some longitudes are orbits d) Some revolutions are orbits
12. Select the option that will definitely be false?
a) No orbits are longitudes b) No revolutions are latitudes

c) Some longitudes are revolutions d) None of these
13. Is Rina taller than Shyam?

Information 1 – Rina is taller than Micky.
Information 2 – Micky is shorter than Shyam.
a) Only 1 b) Only 2
14. Three statements made by three people are as follows:
A: Either Congress or AAP will win the elections.
B: Congress will win the elections.
C: Neither Congress nor AAP will win the elections.
If only one out of these three statements is wrong, who wins the election?
a) AAP b) Congress
c) BJP d) None of these
15. If Sumit is taller than Mohit and Mohit is not as tall as Rishab. Satish is taller than Sumit
but shorter than Rishab. Who is the shortest?
a) Sachin b) Mohit
c) Sumit d) Rishab
16. It rains for 3 continuous months in a year in Srilanka. If this statement is true, which of
the given options will surely be true?
a) If it rained in June, then it surely rained in either July or August
b) It rained in January
c) It rained in February
d) If it rained in June, then it surely rained either in May or July
17. Four balls of different colours are taken and were distributed to Vansh, Samesh, Akash
and Daman such that each of them has a ball each. The four balls are of green, red, grey
and brown colour. The balls are distributed in such a manner that no alphabet in the name
of boy and colour of ball given to him is same. What is the colour of ball given to Vansh?
a) Red b) Grey
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c) Green d) Brown
18. In the month of July, no two holidays are on consecutive days. Which of the given options
can be understood from the given statement?
a) There cannot be more than 11 holidays in the month of July
b) There cannot be more than 16 holidays in the month of July
c) There cannot be more than 7 holidays in the month of July
d) None of these
19. R is father of A. Which of these statements gives the same information as the given
statement?
a) A is father of R
b) A is son of R
c) A is daughter of R
d) None of these
20. The perimeter of a square X is 16 cm. Which of these statements gives the same
information as the given statement?
a) A circle M will lie inside this square
b) The side length of square X is 4 cm
c) Square X can be drawn on a page
d) None of these
ANSWERS
1) A
2) B
3) A
4) D
5) C
6) C
7) B
8) D
9) A
10) A
11) D
12) C
13) D
14) B
15) B
16) D
17) A
18) B
19) D
20) B

SAMPLE PAPERS
Detailed solutions are available for each question in the sample
paper. To get the detailed solution of any question, either log-in to
www.logiqids.com or call us or WhatsApp us on 7045345345.
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Sample Paper 1 - Class 4

1 - Find the next term in the series: 1/2, 3/4, 5/8, 7/16, __
a) 9/16 b) 9/24
c) 9/32 d) 10/32
2 - There is one wrong term in the following series. Find the wrong term: 196, 169, 144,
121, 101
a) 101 b) 121
c) 141 d) 196
3 - Select the option that is odd one out among the given four options.
a) JANUARY1 b) MARCH3
c) APRIL5 d) JULY7
4 - Find the next term in the given series: WFB, TGD, QHG, ______
a) NIJ b) NIK
c) NJK d) PJK
5 - In a certain language, if OLYMPICS is coded as OSLCYIMP, SILVER is coded as SRIELV,

what would be the code of SINDHU?
a) SINDHU b) UHDSIN
c) USHIDN d) SUIHND
6 - Find the odd one out from the following

a) 4, 8 b) 9, 27
c) 16, 64 d) 25, 100
7 - In a certain code language, “oka peru” means “fine cloth”; “meta lisa” means “clear
water” and “dona lisa peru” means “fine clear weather”, which word in that language
means “weather”?
a) peru b) dona
c) meta d) oka
8 - Looking at a portrait of a man, Harsh said, “His mother is the wife of my father’s son.
Brothers and Sisters I have none”. At whose portrait was Harsh looking at?
a) His son b) His wife
c) His cousin d) His uncle
For any queries, email us at - doubts@logiqids.com

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9 - A watch reads 4:30. If the minute hand point East, in what direction will the hour hand
point?
a) North b) North-West
c) North-East d) South-East
10 - Given below is a grid of numbers from 1 to 5. A person needs to go from point A to

point B. He can only move on squares with consecutive increasing numbers i.e. from a
square with number 1, he can only go to a square with number 2; from a square with
number 2 he can only go on a square with number 3 and so on. From one square, he can
move to any adjacent square – the squares should either have a common boundary or a
common corner. How many different ways are there for a person to go from A to B?
a) 3 b) 4
c) 5 d) 6
11 - A is 5th from the left and B is 12th from the right end in a row of children. If B shifts 3
places towards A, he becomes 10th from the left end. How many children are there in the
row?
a) 22 b) 23
c) 24 d) Cannot be Determined
12 - If each odd digit / number appearing in 54738 is decreased by 1 and each even digit /
number is increased by 1, then which of the following will be the sum of the digits of the
new number?
a) 27 b) 25
c) 26 d) 28

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13 - Which number appears exactly mid-way between 3 and 9 in the following

arrangement?
a) 5 b) 6
c) 7 d) 4
14 - In the following letter sequence, how many Vs are followed by U which in turn is
followed by V?
a) 1 b) 2
d) 4
c) 3
15 - Find the odd one out

a) Hexagon b) Square
c) Cube d) Triangle
16 - “We must ___________ our students on subjects like moral values and health and
sanitation.” Choose the right word which will fit in the blank here.
a) instruct b) educate
c) learn d) insist
17 - “All children must ____________ their _________________ after using the toilet.” Choose the
most appropriate combination which will come in the blanks here.
a) brush-teeth b) ties-shoes
c) wash-hands d) dirty-shirts
18 - From the following chose the option which has the correct spelling.
a) Nuetral b) Neutral
c) Newtral d) Neutrul
19 - Which of the following words CAN be UNSCRAMBLED to name a part of a flower.

a) TEAMS b) FEELS
c) STAPLE d) BREAK
20 - Given below is a word with a blank. Each of the letter given below, except one, can
come in this blank to give a meaningful word. Find the letter which cannot fit in the blank

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below.
__OST
a) P b) W
c) C d) L
21 - Question: How many marks did I score in Maths this year?

Statements:
1. I scored 3 marks less than 100 in Maths last year
2. Across all subjects, I scored highest marks in Maths this year.
3. Highest marks I got in any subject this year is 99.
4. I scored 2 marks more in Maths this year than last year.
To answer the above question, which of the statements are sufficient?

a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 4 d) Both B and C
22 - Which of the following options can be inferred based on the Venn Diagram given
below:
a) Some X are also Y b) Only some Y are X
c) All Y are Z d) No Z is X
23 - Between two persons a heavier person is always shorter. A is heavier than B and taller
than C, C is lighter than D and shorter than E. Who is the shortest?
a) A b) C
c) D d) Cannot be Determined
24 - Between two persons a heavier person is always shorter. A is heavier than B and taller
than C, C is lighter than D and shorter than E. Who is the tallest?
a) A b) B
c) E d) Cannot be Determined
25 - Statement 1: It rained in May 2016 in Sri Lanka

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Statement 2: In Sri Lanka, it always rains for 3 consecutive months
Assuming the above two statements are true, which of the following is necessarily true?
a) It surely rained in June 2016 in Sri Lanka b) It surely rained in April 2016 in Sri Lanka
c) It rained either in June 2016 or April 2016 or both d) None of these
26 - Six books – P, Q, R, S, T and U – are to be distributed on 6 consecutive days. The

schedule must follow the following conditions. Only one book distributed on each day.
i. P must be distributed exactly before T

ii. R must not be the second book to be distributed
iii. Q must be distributed immediately the next day after U is distributed
iv. Q must not be distributed on the 3rd day
v. S must be distributed on the 5th day and should not be immediately after Q
vi. T must not be the last book to be distributed
Which of the following books preceded T?

a) P b) Q
c) S d) U


Which book was distributed immediately after Q?

a) P b) R
c) T d) U



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In between which two books was S distributed?

a) Q and T b) R and T
c) P and T d) T and U
29 - Alex has 130 marbles. A shopkeeper gives one chocolate for every ten marbles. He also
gives one chocolate in exchange of 5 wrappers of the chocolate. What is the maximum
number of chocolates Alex can get?
a) 13 b) 15
c) 16 d) 17
30 - How many triangles are there in the given figure?
a) 12 b) 16
c) 18 d) 20
31 - From the options given below, fine the image which has the image “x” embedded in it.
a) b)
c) d)

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32 - Each face of a pyramid is coloured in such a way that no two adjacent faces have the
same colour. What is the minimum number of colours required to do this?
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4
33 - Which of the following image will come in place of “?” ?
a) b)
c) d)
34 - Count the number of rectangles in the figure given below (consider every square to be
a rectangle).
a) 10 b) 11
c) 12 d) 13

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35 - Find the image which will have similar relation to the third image as the first two
images in the question:
a) b)
c) d)

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1 - Identify the correct plural form of Tomato
a) Tomatos b) Tomatoes
c) Tomatoss d) Tomatoi
2 - There are 5 volumes of books on a rack kept in order (such as, vol. 1, vol. 2 and so on).
After some readers used them, their order got disturbed. The changes showed as follows:
(i) Vol.5 was immediately to the right of vol.2.
(ii) Vol.4 has Vol.1 to its left and neither of them was in the middle.
(iii) Vol.1 has Vol.3 on left.
Among the given options, find the order in which the books are kept now.
a) 3,5,1,4,2 b) 4,6,3,2,1
c) 2,5,3,1,4 d) 2,5,1,3,4
3 - Some children were taking free throws at the basketball court in school during lunch
break. Below are some facts about how many baskets these children shot.
(i) Ganesh shot 8 baskets less than Ashish.
(ii) Dhanraj and Ramesh together shot 37 baskets.
(iii) Jugraj shot 8 baskets more than Dhanraj.
(iv) Ashish and Ganesh together shot 40 baskets.
(v) Ashish shot 5 baskets more than Dhanraj.
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Ramesh shot 18 baskets and Dhanraj shot 19 b) Ganesh shot 24 baskets and Ashish shot 16 baskets.
baskets.
c) Jugraj shot 19 baskets and Dhanraj shot 27 baskets d) Dhanraj shot 11 baskets and Ashish shot 16 baskets.
4 - Some children were taking free throws at the basketball court in school during lunch
break. Below are some facts about how many baskets these children shot.
(i) Ganesh shot 8 baskets less than Ashish.
(ii) Dhanraj and Ramesh together shot 37 baskets.

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(iii) Jugraj shot 8 baskets more than Dhanraj.

(iv) Ashish and Ganesh together shot 40 baskets.
(v) Ashish shot 5 baskets more than Dhanraj.
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Dhanraj and Jugraj shot 46 baskets. b) Ganesh shot 18 baskets and Ramesh shot 21 baskets.
c) Dhanraj shot 3 more baskets than Ramesh. d) Ramesh and Jugraj together shot 29 baskets.
5 - Find the missing term in the sequence:

6, 12, 21, 33, __ , 66
a) 36 b) 48
c) 46 d) 56
6 - Find the alphabets which will come in the blanks below such that they form a repeating
pattern (in the same order as the blanks):
_a_b_abaa_bab_abba
a) a,a,a,b,b b) a,b,a,b,b
c) b,a,b,a,b d) b,a,b,b,a
7 - Find the next term in the series:

Z1A, X2D, V4G, T8J, R16M, P32P,__
a) N60S b) N64S
c) N80T d) T60N
8 - From the given options, find the one where the two words share the same relationship
as the two words given below:
Wick: Candle
a) Lead: Pencil b) Pen: Ink
c) Light: Darkness d) Quick: Rapid
9 - Apparel is related to Cloth in the same way as Footwear is related to ____________ ?

a) Socks b) Leather
c) Cobbler d) Shoes
10 - Find the odd one out (Please note the difference is not based on the colour of the
living organism):
a) Parrot b) Bat
c) Crow d) Sparrow

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11 - Choose that set of numbers from the four alternative sets, that is similar to the given
set:
(3, 18, 36)
a) (2, 10, 16) b) (4, 24, 48)
c) (6, 42, 48) d) (12, 72, 96)
12 - Given below is a series with some letters written in it. Based on the series, choose the
option such that the two terms on the right of :: sign have the same relationship as the two
terms on the left of :: sign.
AKJ:DHG :: CML: _____
a) FML b) FIJ
c) FJI d) FIH
13 - Identify the word which cannot be formed from the letters of the word GOVERNMENT.
Please note each letter must only be used less than or equal to the number of times it
appears in the given word.
a) GERM b) MONGER
c) TEAM d) GREEN
14 - Identify the words which will fill the blanks below:
a) 1: too; 2: two; 3: too b) 1: two; 2: to; 3: too
c) 1: too; 2: two; 3: to d) 1: two; 2: too; 3: to
15 - Identify which of the following options CANNOT be unjumbled to form a meaningful

word.
a) b)
c) d)
16 - In a certain code language, $ # & % means Sachin is the best while @ # & % means
Virat is the best and @ * $ means Sachin and Virat. What is the code for and in this
language?

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a) @ b) *
c) $ d) #
17 - Find the odd one out:

a) 525 b) 416
c) 39 d) 28
18 - Arrange the following in an alphabetical order:

1- Grammar; 2 - Granary; 3 - Grand; 4 - Grandeur; 5 - Granule; 6 - Google
a) 1-2-3-4-5-6 b) 6-1-2-3-4-5
c) 6-1-2-4-3-5 d) 6-1-2-5-4-3
19 - Pointing towards a boy, the girl Veena said, He is the son of the only child of my
grandfather. How is that boy related to Veena?
a) Uncle b) Brother
c) Father d) Veena herself
20 - If + denotes < and - denotes > and > denotes + and < denotes -, then which of the
following statement is true:
a) (6 > 3) - (9 > 2) b) (6 < 3) - (6 > 2)
c) (5 < 1) + (6 > 2) d) None of these
21 - A rat runs 20 meters towards East and turns right, runs 10 meters and turns right,
runs 9 metre and again turns left, runs 5 metres and then turns left, runs 12 meters and
finally turns left and runs 6 meters. In which direction is the rat facing now?
a) East b) West
c) North d) South
22 - When Rafael entered the class, there were already 10 students in the class. 5 students
entered the class between Roger and Rafael. Total 10 students entered after Roger. Exactly
how many students are in the class finally? Please note Rafael entered the class before
Roger.
a) 21 b) 25
c) 27 d) Cannot be determined
23 - If letter N is removed from the English alphabet, then which letter will be 4th to right
of the letter which is 5th to the left of letter P?

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a) N b) M
c) O d) Q
24 - If 1st February of a certain year is Friday, then what would be the day on 2nd March?
a) Friday b) Sunday
c) Saturday d) Cannot be determined
25 - Find the number of triangles in the given figure:
a) 3 b) 6
c) 7 d) 9
26 - The given figure is first reflected using a mirror along the line AB to get image A and
then image A is reflected using a mirror along the line CD to get image B. Which of the
options will be same as image B:
a) W b) X
c) Y d) Z

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27 - Find the image which has the alphabet B embedded in it.

a) b)
c) d)
28 - The given question contains a group of images which are linked due to some common
characteristics. Find which of the images from the options can form part of this group.
a) b)
c) d)

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29 - Find the odd one out.

a) b)
c) d)
30 - Which of the following statements are required to answer the question: Which day is it
today? (Please assume you do not have access to a calendar to check the day for a
particular date)
Statement A: The first day of last month was a Tuesday
Statement B: Today is February 15th
a) Only Statement A is sufficient b) Only Statement B is sufficient
c) Both Statements A and B are required d) None of these
31 - A, B and C are three students from Bright School and P, Q and R are three students
from Elite School. Q is brighter than R but duller than the Bright School student who is
brighter than A and also brighter than C. The same Bright school student is duller than P.
Who is the brightest amongst all?
a) B b) P
c) R d) Cannot be determined
32 - A, B and C are three students from Bright School and P, Q and R are three students
from Elite School. Q is brighter than R but duller than the Bright School student who is
brighter than A and also brighter than C. The same Bright school student is duller than P.
Who is the dullest amongst the three students from Bright School?
a) A b) B
c) C d) Cannot be determined

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33 - Given below is a main statement followed by 4 other statements. Assuming the main
statement to be true, identify the statements and their order which logically follow from
the main statement.
Main Statement: If Virat Kohli scores a century, India will win the cricket match.
Statement A: Virat scored a century
Statement B: India lost the cricket match
Statement C: Virat did not score a century
Statement D: India won the cricket match
a) AB b) BC
c) AD d) Both BC and AD
34 - Exactly four people A, B, C and D are standing in a queue. A is not the first person in
the queue. B is exactly ahead of one person in the queue. D is one of the last two persons in
the queue. Who is standing at the front of the queue?
a) A b) B
c) C d) D
35 - Choose from these four diagrams the one that best illustrates the relationship among
three given classes: Humans, Doctors, Engineers (assume no doctors are engineers)
a) A b) B
c) C d) D

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1 - If you write down all the numbers from 101 to 200, how many times do you write 1?
a) 20 b) 119
c) 121 d) 120
2 - What is the product of all the numbers on a dial-pad of a telephone?

a) 348700 b) 358000
3 - Six friends are sitting in a circle and are facing the centre of the circle. C is between Y
and Z. X is between A and B. Y and B are diametrically opposite to each other. Who is
sitting opposite to Z?
a) A b) X
c) Y d) B
and Z. X is between A and B. Y and B are diametrically opposite to each other. Who are the
neighbours of B?
a) X & Z b) X & C
c) Z & A d) Z & Y

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and Z. X is between A and B. Y and B are diametrically opposite to each other. Who is
sitting to the left of A ?
a) X b) Y
c) Z d) Cannot be determined
6 - In how many ways can a person go from Point A to Point B via Point C in the diagram
given below:
a) 7 b) 6
c) 8 d) 12
7 - In a queue of 4 persons, Akhil is standing ahead of Jivan and Jyoti. Jyoti is not the last
person in the queue. How many different combinations are possible?
a) 3 b) 4
c) 5 d) 6

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8 - You have to cut an apple into 8 pieces. In how many minimum cuts with a knife this can
be done ?
a) 3 b) 4
c) 5 d) 6
9 - Given below is a grid formed of 9 squares where each square contains a word. From the
below options, select the squares, which when combined together will form meaningful
words.
a) 1 & 6 b) 5 & 4
c) 7 & 4 d) All of these
10 - Which of the following words CANNOT be formed using the letters of the word:
FESTIVAL ?
a) FIST b) FEAST
c) VITAL d) STOLE
11 - Find the next term in the series: 1, 5, 13, 29, 61, ?

a) 91 b) 125
c) 101 d) 121
12 - Find the missing number if each COLUMN follows the same rule as the other two.
a) 5 b) 6
c) 8 d) 12

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13 - Count the number of triangles in the figure given below.
a) 6 b) 9
c) 11 d) 12
14 - Count the number of rectangles in the figure given below (consider every square to be
a rectangle).
a) 1 b) 3
c) 4 d) 6

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15 - Which of the following words can be unjumbled to form the name of a body part?
a) IDEA b) DICE
c) SINK d) LEADER
16 - Find the odd one out from the following:

a) Driver : Car b) Space : Rocket
c) Pilot : Airplane d) Sailor : Ship
17 - In which of the four images, can you NOT find the given image X, as a part of that
image
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4
18 - Ram has five fruits with him: Banana, Apple, Guava, Mango, Pineapple. He wants to
eat a fruit which:
- Has “e” in its name
- It’s name is a 5 letter word
Which fruit should he eat?
a) Apple b) Banana
c) Guava d) Mango

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19 - A,B,C and D are of different heights. If A is taller than B, C is taller than B and D is
shorter than B, then who is the tallest?
a) A b) B
20 - Which is the only word which you CANNOT find hidden in the grid below :
BEATSRTBEBEBBESTTRESTESTBUESTTREBL
a) BET b) BEST
c) TEST d) REST
21 - Same vowel will fit in all the blanks in the words given below. Identify that single
vowel which would complete the given words : C _ L _ B R A T _ and I N T _ N T
a) A b) O
c) E d) U
22 - Identify the next term in the series: 1A, 3B, 5C, 7D, 9E, ?
a) 9F b) 10F
c) 11F d) 11G
23 - Find the next two terms in the sequence: ABCAABCAABCAABC___

a) CA b) AA
c) AB d) BC
24 - Find the missing term is the sequence: 1, 4, 9, 16, ___, 36.

a) 23 b) 21
c) 25 d) 19
25 - Ram and Rahim work out a code language to communicate between themselves. Their
code language is based on a certain logic. In their code language, FADE is coded as 6145
and BEAD is coded as 2514. Identify the coding logic and find how will HIDE be coded as in
this code language?
a) 7945 b) 8945
c) 8745 d) 8954

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26 - Rohit is standing facing the North direction. He takes 1 left turn followed by 3 right
turns. He then takes 3 left turns followed by 2 right turns. Which direction is he facing
now?
a) North b) East
c) West d) South
27 - A B C and D are four friends sitting on four corners of a rectangular table. Each one of
them occupies one of the four points 1, 2, 3 or 4 shown in the figure below. No two people
occupy the same point. A is sitting diagonally opposite to D. C is sitting diagonally
opposite to B. A is sitting on point 4. On which point is B sitting?
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) Cannot be determined
28 - How am I related to the only son of my paternal grand father?

a) He is my Uncle b) He is my Brother
c) He is my father d) He is my Cousin
29 - Which of the following statements are sufficient to answer the question: What is the
name of Nishit’s favourite sport? Statement 1: Nishit’s favourite sport is the same as that
of Virat Statement 2: Virat’s favourite sport is Cricket
a) Statement 1 alone is sufficient b) Statement 2 alone is sufficient
c) Both statements together are required d) None of these
30 - Statement 1: Rohit likes Cricket

Statement 2: Rohit likes Football also
Statement 3: Rohit likes ONLY Cricket and Football
Assuming Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true, is Statement 3
a) Definitely True b) Definitely False
c) Cannot be determined d) Is true 9 out of 10 times and false 8 out of 10 times

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31 - From the options given below, find the option which shows the mirror image of P?
a) b)
c) d)
32 - Find the odd one out from the following four options:
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4
33 - Which of the following set can be represented by the given Venn Diagram?
a) Cars : Men : Bicycles b) Teachers : Men : Women
c) Fruits : Mangoes : Ladyfingers d) Integers : Whole numbers : Natural numbers
34 - In a row of children, CJ is 7th from the left and Nidhi is 22nd from the right. They
exchange their positions and then CJ now becomes 11th from the left. Find the new
position of Nidhi from the right end of the row.
a) 25th b) 21st
c) 26th d) Cannot be determined

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35 - The given paper is cut at the places shown by dotted lines, and in the order indicated
by the number near each line. After all the cuts are made, what is the maximum number of
edges any cut portion will have?
a) 5 b) 6
c) 4 d) 7

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1 - Given below are four pair of words. Find out the pair, where adding the same vowel to
both the words would lead to two new MEANINGFUL words being formed. Please note the
sequence of letters already present should not change.
For example if we add the vowel “i” to the word BAT, without changing the order of b,a and
t, we can form BAIT.
a) ran, try b) may, mine
c) fun, fan d) try, ply
2 - Select the option that is odd one out among the given four options.
a) ROCKET2 b) INDIA3
c) FESTIVAL3 d) SUPER1
3 - Increasing : Constant : Decreasing:: ? : ? :?. What should come in place of the question
marks so that relation between first three terms is same as relation between last three
terms?
a) Stable : Rising : Falling b) Rising : Stable : Falling
c) Rising : Falling : Stable d) None of these
4 - Which of the following words can be unjumbled to give the name of an occupation eg.
Carpenter, Cobbler, etc?
a) RESALE b) ROTAIL
c) DOT CORE d) OAR SAIL
5 - Find the option that exhibits a similar relationship as – Triangle : Hexagon

a) Cone : Sphere b) Square : Cube
c) Rectangle : Octagon d) None of these
6 - Find the next two terms in the series : 123, 41, 2, 341, 23, 4, __ , __
a) 1, 341 b) 4, 123
c) 123, 41 d) 123, 4

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7 - Given below is a grid formed of 9 squares where each square contains a two letter word.
From the below options, select the squares, which when combined together form
meaningful words.
a) 1 – 8 and 6 - 3 b) 1 - 3 and 4 - 3
c) 1 - 2 and 7 - 8 d) Both B and C
8 - Which of the following words CANNOT be formed using the letters of the word:
INTOLERANCE?
a) TAILOR b) LEARN
c) TRANCE d) LEANS
9 - Find the next term in the sequence: A1, E5, I9, ___, U21
a) B2 b) L10
c) O15 d) P19
10 - What should be the next term in the sequence : 1, 5, 2, 10, 4, 15, 8, 20, 16, ___
a) 11 b) 25
c) 21 d) 20
11 - In a coding system, a, b, c, d and e are coded as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Similarly,

f, g, h, i and j are also coded as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. For example, ac would be
coded as 13 and egg would be coded as 522.
What would be the code for highbead?

a) 34232514 b) 32512431
c) 34231453 d) 34134512
12 - In a coding system, a, b, c, d and e are coded as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Similarly,

f, g, h, i and j are also coded as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. For example, ac would be
coded as 13 and egg would be coded as 522.
What would be the result of (Code of fg) + (Code of cc)?

a) 12 b) 33
c) 45 d) 54

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13 - If A is taller than B, B is shorter than C, C is not shorter than A and D is taller than A
and C, then who amongst them is the 2nd tallest?
a) A b) C
c) Either C or both A and C d) Either A or C
14 - Hirav’s father’s name is Aashish, Aashish has two kids, Ayesha has only one brother,
Hirav has only one sister, what is Hirav’s sister’s name ?
a) Ayesha b) Hirav
c) Aashish d) Cannot be determined
15 - If A is taller than B, B is shorter than C, C is not shorter than A and D is taller than A
and C, then who amongst them is the tallest and who is the shortest?
a) B is the tallest and A is the shortest b) Either A or C are the tallest and B is the shortest
c) D is the tallest and B is the shortest d) A is the tallest and B is the shortest
16 - Four friends A, B, C and D are playing a tennis match. A is the best player, while D is
the shortest player. The best player teams up with the worst player and the shortest player
teams up with the tallest player. A does not team up with C and D is not the worst player.
Who is the tallest player?
a) A b) B
17 - Four friends A, B, C and D are playing a tennis match. A is the best player, while D is
the shortest player. The best player teams up with the worst player and the shortest player
teams up with the tallest player. A does not team up with C and D is not the worst player.
Who is the worst player?
a) A b) B
18 - If it is Sunday, then I play soccer Assuming this statement is correct, which of the
below is necessarily true?
a) If played soccer today, then today is not Sunday b) If I played soccer today, then today is Sunday
c) If I did not play soccer today, then today is Sunday d) If I did not play soccer today, then today is not
Sunday.

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19 - Mark the option with the elements that most closely resembles the given Venn
diagram.
a) Sharpener, Ball, Cat b) Paper, Sand, Blade
c) Men, Doctors, House d) None of these
20 - Count the number of triangles in the given figure
a) 7 b) 8
c) 9 d) 10
21 - Given below is a figure on the left with a pattern. Which of the four images on the
right can be formed by rotating the pattern image given on the left?
a) 1 b) 2
22 - In which of the four images the symbol ‘T’ can be found as a part of that image?
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4

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23 - Two dices are taken. For each of the dices, there are five vowels written on five of the
faces. Nothing is written on the sixth face. Based on this information, answer the questions
that follow.
If A and E are written on opposite faces, then which of these alphabet can be adjacent to A?
a) I b) U
c) O d) All of these
24 - Two dices are taken. For each of the dices, there are five vowels written on five of the
faces. Nothing is written on the sixth face. Based on this information, answer the questions
that follow.
If E and I are written on the adjacent faces, then which of these alphabets can possibly be
on opposite faces?
a) A and E b) I and O
c) E and I d) Both options A and B are possible
25 - My mother has one sister and one brother. Looking at a photograph, I said, the person
in the photograph is my mother’s sister’s sister’s son. How am I related to that person?
a) Cousin b) Myself
c) Brother d) Either (b) or (c)

a) 1:00 am b) 4:00 am
c) 11:00 pm d) 13:00 am

a) Silk b) Cotton
c) Wood d) Plastic

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28 - Given below is a transparent sheet of paper which is folded at the red line. Which of
the four options represent how the folder sheet will look like.
a) b)
c) d)
29 - If crocodile is to reptile, then Whale is to _____ ?

a) Bird b) Fish
c) Mammal d) Amphibian
30 - Find the missing term in the series:
a) b)
c) d)

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31 - What is the product of all the numbers on a telephone dial-pad?

a) 12345 b) 32451
32 - Given below is a grid formed by 16 squares. The grid has a unique quality i.e. Sum of
all numbers in a particular row or column is 10. Find the value of B?
a) 4 b) 5
c) 2 d) 0
33 - Given below is a grid formed by 16 squares. The grid has a unique quality i.e. Sum of
all numbers in a particular row or column is 10. Find the value of C?
a) 4 b) 5
c) 2 d) 0

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34 - Raj is heading in the north direction. He takes 2 left and then 3 rights. After this he
takes 3 left again and then 2 rights. Then he takes 3 lefts and 3 rights. As a result he
comes face to face with Ram. Which direction was Ram heading in?
a) North b) East
c) West d) South
35 - Sumit and Mikin are studying in the same class. At the end of the year, Sumit is
ranked 3rd from the top and Mikin is ranked 3rd from the bottom. If they interchange
their ranks, Mikin will become 27th from the bottom. What is Mikins ORIGINAL rank from
the top?
a) 25th b) 26th
c) 27th d) 28th

ANSWER KEY
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SAMPLE PAPERS ANSWER KEY
Sample Paper #
Ques # 1 2 3 4
1 C B B D
2 A C D D
3 C A A B
4 B A A B
5 D B D C
6 D D D C
7 B B C D
8 A A A D
9 C B D C
10 D B D B
11 C B B A
12 C C B C
13 C C C C
14 C D B D
15 C D C C
16 B B B C
17 C D D B
18 B B A D
19 C B D C
20 B C A C
21 D C C B
22 A C C A
23 C C B D
24 D D C D
25 C B B D
26 A C B D
27 A D D D
28 B C C C
29 C D C C
30 C C C C
31 C B B D
32 C D C B
33 B D A A
34 C C C D
35 A B B C

For any queries, email us at – doubts@logiqids.com

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AN IIT-IIM ALUMNI VENTURE

Topic Note: Ability to Identify Trends/ Relationships ...........................................................................................

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Topic Note: Ability to Identify Trends/ Relationships

IMAGE BASED PATTERNS:

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o A part getting added and subtracted in the shape

1) Identify the next term in the sequence:

2) Identify the next term in the sequence:

Clearly as shown above the pattern is repeating itself.

should have a circle. So the next term in the sequence is

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3) Find the next term in the sequence:

heptagon (one which has seven sides)

4) Find the next term in the sequence:

the next square should have an arrow pointing in west direction

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b. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 – first term is 1 and then every subsequent term is obtained by

5) Numbers following an abstract pattern. Some examples are given below:

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WRONG TERM SERIES:

Example No. 1: Find the wrong number in the following series.

ALPHABETICAL + NUMERICAL SERIES

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ABILITY TO IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIPS

1) Deciphering the code

2) Coding by reversing the order of the alphabets

3) Coding by following a certain rule for movement of alphabets in a word

4) Coding based on number of alphabets appearing in a given word

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8) If in a certain code language, SYSTEM is coded as ESYSTM and CLIMATE is coded as

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ODD ONE OUT

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10) Find the next term in the series: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,

12) Find the next term in the series: P, O, N, M, L,?

13) Find the next term in the series: A, D, G, J, ?

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19) Find the next term in the series: 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, ?

24) Find the missing term in the series: A1B2C3D4E5__G7H8

26) Identify the odd one out:

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27) Identify the odd one out:

28) If BOWLED is coded as LEDWOB, how will SINGLE be coded as?

29) If NISHIT is coded as IINSHT, how will DEEPTI be coded as?

31) Find the next 5 terms in the series : 122333444455555666?

32) Find the next term in the series : 1234543211232?

33) Find the next term in the series :11,24,39,416,525,636,?

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Topic Note: Visual Ability

Mirror and Water Image

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Mirror Image Water Image

Mirror Images of Capital Alphabets

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Water Images of Capital Alphabets

Mirror Images of Numbers

Water Images of Numbers

Mirror Images of Small Alphabets

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