UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE

Power Electronics
Name: Jesus Cabezas

Topic: electrical mobility

Transportation is a necessity for all people and the greatest source of energy for the mobilization
of fossil fuels that pollute the environment. Electric mobility [1] "It is considered a means of
moving people or goods that results in a vehicle driven with energy one hundred percent
electric, with zero emissions technology (ie without an exhaust system or muffle) and that does
not contain combustion engine. The ME goes beyond private vehicles, also includes buses, taxis,
minibuses, bicycles, motorcycles, boats, trains and even airplanes. "This sector presents a great
growth and it is important to change the electric transport to avoid CO2 emissions, for the care
of the environment.

There are several means of transport that change their energy source for electricity and the
objective of electric mobility is [1] "to reduce dependence on oil while significantly increasing
the energy efficiency of means of transport." greater advantage to internal combustion vehicles
because it has fewer components.

One of the main means of transport are buses, which the vast majority of citizens use daily, so
it is important that this medium uses electric power to operate. Therefor the electric buses [2]
"use an electric propulsion system, driven by a battery system (batteries and battery
management system) with regenerative braking systems and other electrical components."
Also, it helps the auditory contamination of the environment .

Additionally for people with the need for a vehicle of their own and also have an autonomy for
the day. There are electric vehicles that [2] "the engine is powered by high-density batteries that
define the power and range of travel of the vehicle. The most commonly used batteries in
electric vehicles are lithium ion (Li-ion). These batteries have high densities in relation to other
alternatives, and therefore, emit more power and relative energy to their size or weight, crucial
in mobile applications "users can charge their cars in their own home or in charging stations
implemented by the manufacturers. In Ecuador today [2] "in Ecuador there are less than 50
electric vehicles on battery(VEBs). "It is necessary to promote the use of these electric vehicles.

Another option is hybrid electric vehicles that [3] "combines two propulsion systems, one of
them is an electric motor and the other, generally, a thermal engine (gasoline or diesel)." This
helps in the change of gasoline to electricity since it is not necessary that the vehicle must stop
for its recharging, but it is charged while it is running, taking advantage of the user's time.

Bicycles are a light transport and provide greater agility to move around the city however can
be driven by an electric motor as assistance for the user; [4] "can carry the motor on the axle of
the rear wheel. The force is exerted on the rear axle so it is perfectly camouflaged in the
aesthetics of a normal bike. It can also go on the front wheel axle "besides, if it is economical it
does not need to have a great power.
The UN supports developing countries for the implementation of electric mobility; through:
strategies, guidelines for implementation, plus that countries encourage the use of these
vehicles through incentives. In the Ecuador [2] " La Agencia de Regulación y Control de
Electricidad (ARCONEL) has created a scenario for the insertion of VEBs into the Ecuadorian
market, based on the growth of the light freight fl eet in Ecuador during the last decade"

Finally, electric mobility seeks the use of electric vehicles in order not to depend on fossil fuels,
for the care of the environment. For this purpose there are electric vehicles for the transport of
one or several people, which is why research, development and improvement are necessary.
Ecuador there are policies that encourage the use of these vehicles as special electricity rates
and other benefits, but does not have the necessary infrastructure for large-scale
implementation.

Bibliografía:

[1] M. de A. y D. S. MADS, “Estrategia Nacional de Movilidad Eléctrica,” 2018.

[2] G. López and S. Galarza, “Movilidad eléctrica Oportunidades para latinoamérica.”
[3] Santiago Sanz Acebes, “Vehículos híbridos y eléctricos (Motores).” [Online]. Available:
https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=S10pDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=vehi
culos+hibridos+electricos&hl=es-
419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKmYnr2aHeAhVku1kKHa6kAqEQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=ve
hiculos hibridos electricos&f=false. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].
[4] “Moto o bici eléctrica ¿qué es mejor para moverse por ciudad?,” 2014. [Online].
Available: http://vive00.sanmiguel00.es/2014/12/17/moto-o-bici-electrica-que-es-
mejor-para-la-ciudad/. [Accessed: 25-Oct-2018].