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Prepared By

B.N.DHANUNJAYARAO, &
Dr. K.S.RAGHURAM.

Part-A-Topic_1_CAMD_ Keyed Joints


Keyed Joints: Flat saddle Key, hallow saddle key, taper sunk key, gib head
key, parallel sunk keys, splines, woodruff key, round key joint
arrangements.
Introduction:
A key is a piece of mild steel inserted between the shaft and hub or boss of the pulley to
connect these together in order to prevent relative motion between them. It is always
inserted parallel to the axis of the shaft. Keys are used as temporary fastenings and are
subjected to considerable crushing and shearing stresses. A keyway is a slot or recess in a
shaft and hub of the pulley to accommodate a key.

Types of Keys:

The following types of keys are important from the subject point of view:
1. Saddle keys, (hollow saddle key, Flat Saddle Key)
2. Sunk keys (Taper Sunk Keys, gib head key, Parallel or Feather Keys, woodruff keys)
3. Round keys, and
4. Splines.

Saddle Keys: (taper keys, with uniform width but tapering in thickness on the upper side)
A hollow saddle key is a taper key which fits in a keyway in the hub and the bottom of the key is shaped
to fit the curved surface of the shaft. A flat saddle key is a taper key which fits in a keyway in the hub
and is flat on the shaft. It is likely to slip round the shaft under load. Width of key, w = d / 4, and
thickness of key, t = 2w / 3 = d / 12

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Hallow Saddle Key:

Flat saddle key:

Taper Sunk Key: (provided half in the keyway of the shaft and half in the keyway of the hub or boss.)
Width of key, w = d / 4; and thickness of key, t = 2w / 3 = d / 6. Sunk keys may be either square or
rectangular in cross-section. The end may be squared or rounded. Generally, half the thickness of the
key fits into the shaft keyway and the remaining half in the hub keyway. These keys are used for heavy
duty, as the fit between the key and the shaft is positive.

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Gib head key:

For Gib Head Key: If D is the diameter of the shaft, then,


Width of key, W = 0.25 D + 2 mm
Thickness of key, T = 0.67 W (at the thicker end)
Standard taper = 1:100
Height of head, H = 1.75 T
Width of head, B = 1.5 T

It is a rectangular sunk key with a head at one end known as gib head. It is usually provided to facilitate
the removal of key. Assembly of Taper sunk Key with Gib Head with Shaft and Hub. The key has
taper 1 in 100 on the top side only.

parallel or feather key:


A parallel or feather key is a sunk key uniform in width and thickness as well. These keys are used
when the parts (gears, clutches, etc.) mounted are required to slide along the shaft; permitting relative
axial movement.

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Types of Feather keys:
A projection known as peg is provided at the middle of the key. The peg fits into a hole in the hub. key
is provided with a head at one end. The head is screwed to the hub of the part mounted on the shaft. key
is provided with heads on both ends. These heads prevent the axial movement of the key in the hub.

Figure: (a) peg feather key, (b)single headed feather key and (c) double headed feather key.

woodruff keys:

It is a sunk key, in the form of a segment of a circular disc of uniform thickness (Fig. a). As the bottom
surface of the key is circular, the keyway in the shaft is in the form of a circular recess to the same
curvature as the key. The following are the proportions of woodruff keys:

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If D is the diameter of the shaft,

Thickness of key, W = 0.25 D


Diameter of key, d = 3 W
Height of key, T = 1.35 W
Depth of the keyway in the hub, T1 = 0.5 W + 0.1 mm
Depth of keyway in shaft, T2 = 0.85 W

Circular keys:
Round keys are of circular cross-section, usually tapered (1:50) along the length. A round key fits in
the hole drilled partly in the shaft and partly in the hub. The mean diameter of the pin may be taken as
0.25 D, where D is shaft diameter. Round keys are generally used for light duty, where the loads are
not considerable.

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Splined Keys:

Splines are keys made integral with the shaft, by cutting equi-spaced grooves of uniform cross-section.
The shaft with splines is called a splined shaft. The splines on the shaft, fit into the corresponding
recesses in the hub of the mounting, with a sliding fit, providing a positive drive and at the same time
permitting the latter to move axially along the shaft.

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DRAWING EXERCISES

1. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Flat saddle key joint arrangement, as fitted
in position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
2. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Hallow saddle key arrangement, as fitted
in position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
3. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Taper sunk key arrangement, as fitted in
position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
4. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Gib head key arrangement, as fitted in
position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
5. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Parallel key arrangement, as fitted in
position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
6. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Peg Feather key arrangement, as fitted in
position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
7. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Single headed feather key arrangement, as
fitted in position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
8. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Double headed feather key arrangement, as
fitted in position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
9. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Woodruf key arrangement, as fitted in
position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
10. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Circular or round key arrangement, as fitted
in position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.
11. Draw the half sectional front view and side view of Splined keys arrangement, as fitted in
position between a shaft and the mounting. Choose the shaft diameter as 20 mm.

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