Equations to learn

Section 1 – Force & Motion

Average Speed = total distance

total time
Δv
Acceleration: a  (Δv = change in velocity)
t
Weight: W = mg (g = gravitational field strength. This is 10 N/kg on Earth)
m
Density: 
V
Hooke’s Law: F = kx (k = stiffness constant, x = extension)

Newton’s 2nd Law: F=ma

Moment of a force = Fd (d = perpendicular distance from pivot)

KE = ½ mv2

GPE = mgh (for a falling object, the GPE lost = KE gained)

Momentum p = mv

Impulse = Ft = mv – mu

Work done: ΔW = Fd (d = distance in same direction of force)

E
Power: P=
t
Useful energy output
Efficiency: Efficiency =  100% or
total energy input
Useful power output
Efficiency =  100%
total power input

Section 2 – Thermal Physics, Pressure and Density

F
Pressure: p = (A = area)
A
Pressure due to liquid p = hρg (this will be in addition to atmospheric pressure) (h = depth)

Boyle’s Law: p1V1  p2V2 (or pressure x volume = constant)

Energy to raise temperature: E = mcT (c = specific heat capacity of a material, ΔT = change

in temp), where thermal capacity of an object = mc

Energy to change state: E = mlf or E = mlv (l = specific latent heat)

Section 3 – Waves
Wave equation: v = f λ (λ = wavelength, f = frequency)
1
Frequency and time period: f 
T
Speed of light in vacuum
Refractive Index n 
Speed of light in material

sin i
Snell’s Law: n = where i is the angle in air and r the angle in the material
sin r
1
Critical angle of incidence for Total Internal Reflection: sin C 
n

Section 4 - Electricity
Current and Resistance: V = IR

Definition of current: Q = It (Q = charge)

E
Definition of voltage: V= (1 Volt is 1 Joule per Coulomb)
Q
Electrical Power: P = VI

Electrical Energy: E = VIt

Resistances in series: Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 +...

1 1 1 R1 R2
Resistances in parallel:   or Rtotal 
Rtotal R1 R2 R1  R2

Year 11 work:

VP N P
Transformers: 
VS NS
And: Vs Is = Vp Ip (power out = power in)