Name: QAMAR SHAFIQ

Department: MATERIALS ENGINEERING

Roll No.: 504121
Assignment: Difference between bonding in metals and ceramics
Subject: Control of microstructure and properties
Submitted to: Dr. Syed Mujtaba Ul Hasan

Bonding in Metals Bonding in Ceramics

1)In metallic bonding there is a strong 1)In ceramics bonding there is a strong
electrostatic attraction between metal electrostatic force of attraction between a
atom cations and sea of delocalized valence cation and anion of a metal and non-metal
electrons, this is called Metallic bonding. atom respectively.

2)Bonding is between metal atoms itself. 2)Bonding is between a metal and a non-
metal

3)metals have metallic bonding
3)Ceramics have mixed (ionic & covalent)
bonding
%ionic character may be calculated by
Pauling’s Equation;
% ionic character=[1−e(Δχ/2)2]×100
Where Δχ is the difference in electronegativities of two
atoms

4)metallic Bonding is non-directional 4)Ionic bonding is non-directional while

covalent bonding is directional.

5)Valence electrons are shared equally 5)Valence electrons are either transferred
among all metal atoms (electron cloud) from 1 atom to another or are shared
between two bonding atoms.

6)In metals, bonding occurs between 6)In ceramics, Bonding occurs between a
similar atoms metal and a non-metal
Effect of bonding on properties
Electrical Conductivity
Metals have Good electrical conductivity ceramics are electrical insulators or poor
due to free electrons present conductors due to captive electrons
Corrosion Resistance
Metals are susceptible to corrosion because Ceramics are highly corrosion resistant
they are in elemental form because they consist of stable chemical
compounds between metal and non-metal.
Deformation Behaviour
Deformation occurs by shearing of atomic Deformation occurs by viscous flow or
planes with successive breaking and breaking of ionic bonds
forming of new bonds (deformation by
slip).
Melting Point
Metals have low melting point than Ceramics have very high melting point
Ceramics
Ductility
Metals have high ductility due to Ceramics are brittle due to fixed ionic bond
deformation by slip and easy sharing of between cation and anion. Unlike metals
atomic planes due to metallic bonding breaking and successive formation of
atomic bonds does not occur in ceramics
Density
Metals are compact and have high density Ceramics have low density because they
they are processed by melting and casting are processed by powder processing
and there is not any porosity present in technique due to which some Porosity
their structure always remains in ceramics. Melting and
casting cannot be done because of their
very high melting temperatures
Examples
Iron, Copper, Aluminium, Nickel,Gold,Silver Al2O3,SiC,NaCl,ZrO2,Si3N4