You are on page 1of 36

AUTOMATIC FLOWER POT MAKING MACHINE

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By
MANIKANDAN.T (15MTR052)
MANIKANDAN.P (15MTR051)
MANOJ ARAVIND.S (15MTL128)
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND MECHANICAL SCIENCES

KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE


(Autonomous)

PERUNDURAI ERODE – 638 060

NOVEMBER 2018
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autonomous)

PERUNDURAI ERODE – 638060

NOVEMBER 2018

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project report entitled AUTOMATIC FLOWER POT
MAKING MACHINE is the bonafide record of project work done by
MANIKANDAN.T (15MTR052), MANIKANDAN.P (15MTR051), MANOJ

ARAVIND.S (15MTL128) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechatronics Engineering of Anna University,
Chennai during the year 2018– 2019.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Ms.T.Tamilarasi M.E., Dr.R.Parameshwaran M.E., Ph.D.,
Supervisor, Head of the Department,
Mechatronics Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering,
Kongu Engineering College, Kongu Engineering College,
Perundurai – 638060. Perundurai – 638060.

Submitted for the end semester viva voce examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

i
DECLARATION
We affirm that the Project Report titled, AUTOMATIC FLOWER POT MAKING
MACHINE, being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of Bachelor of Engineering is the original work carried out by us. It has
not formed the part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.

Date:

MANIKANDAN.T
(15MTR052)

MANIKANDAN.P
(15MTR51)

MANOJ ARAVIND.S
(15MTL128)

I certify that the declaration made by the above candidates is true to the best of
my knowledge.

Date:

Name and signature of the supervisor with seal

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, our sincere thanks to the almighty, who has
blessed us to accomplish the project successfully. Then, we thank our
correspondent Thiru. A.Venkatachalam B.A., B.L., and all the members of
Kongu Vellalar Institute of Technology Trust for providing us with a plethora of
facilities to complete our project in a successful manner.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to our beloved Principal


Prof.S.Kuppuswami B.E., M.Sc.(Engg), Dr.Ing. (France), for allowing us to
have the extensive use of college facilities to do this project. We solemnly
express our gratitude to our beloved Dean Dr.K.Krishnamurthy M.E., Ph.D.,
and the Head of the Department Dr.R.Parameshwaran M.E., Ph.D., for their
guidance, support and encouragement.

We specially thank our guide Ms.T.Tamilarasi M.E., for his


continuous support for the successful completion of the project. We also thank
our project
Co-ordinators Dr.S.Shankar M.E.,Ph.D., Dr.C.Maheswari M.E.,Ph.D., and
Mr.R.Nithya prakash M.E., for their suggestions and encouragement.

We express our sincere thanks to all teaching and non-teaching


staff members of Mechatronics Engineering department. We also extend our
gratitude to our beloved parents and friends.

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER
PAGE
TITLE
NO
NO.

ABSTRACT VII

LIST OF UNITS AND ABBREVATIONS VIII

LIST OF FIGURES IX

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation of the Project 1
2 OBJECTIVE
2.1 Literature Collection 3
2.1.1 Pottery 3
2.2 Existing System 3
2.2.1 Drawbacks 4
2.3 Proposed Solution 4
2.31 Advantages 5
2.4 Working Principle 5
3 FEASIBILITY STUDY
3.1 Economic feasibility 6
3.2 Operational Feasibility 6
3.3 Technical Feasibility 6
4 DESIGN SPECIFICATION
4.1 Brief Description of the design 7
4.2 Components Description 7

iv
4.2.1 DC Wiper Motor 7
4.2.2 Arduino 7
4.2.3 Lead screw 9
4.2.4 Pneumatic cylinder 10
4.2.5 DCV 11
4.2.6 Relay Coil 11
4.2.7 pneumatic hose 12
4.2.8 Bearing 12
4.2.9 Die 13
4.2.10 Bolt and Nut 14
4.2.11 Hopper 14
4.2.12 Proximity sensor 15
4.2.13 DC Motor 15
4.2.14 Rack and Pinion 16
4.2.15 Gear 16
4.3 Design Calculation 17
4.3.1 Mass of the components 17
4.3.2 Motor Specification 17
4.3.3 Arduino specification 18
4.3.4 Electronic Relay Specification 18
4.3.5 Battery Specification 18
5 FABRICATION PROCESS
5.1 CAD Modelling 19
5.2 Electrical Section 19
5.3 Mechanical and Pneumatic Section 20
6 CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE
6.1 Conclusion 22
6.2 Future Scope 22

v
REFERENCE 23
APPENDIX 24

vi
ABSTRACT

In day-to-day life, the automation is developed in every sector. Automation


is actually reduce the work and time complexity. India being a huge populated
country is struggling for the automation. Considering automation lots of development
will be needed in India. To a developing country the automation is very important for
the development of growth and economy of the country. Clay flower pot making is
one of the fields where less number of employees is working. Now-a-days most of
them are using plastic flower pot rather than clay flower pot. In traditional method the
people are do the flower pot by hand and they have to heat the flower pot. So their
productivity is not much high. For providing low cost automation in the clay flower pot
making, it is easy to them to increase the productivity with low cost .To eradicate this
issue, the project is implemented and provide an optimal solution for time
consumption of clay flower pot making and to increase productivity of clay flower pot
rather than plastic one. The plant will not grow efficiently in plastic or compressed
manure. Clay flower pot is an efficient heat insulator and prevents variations in
atmospheric temperature from being transmitted to the soil contained in the flower
pot. To provide a flower pot which is formed of a porous material having the ability to
absorb and retain moisture. By considering the time, the flower pots are made in this
machine without any human intervention. To prevent cracks in the clay flower pot
cement and some wood powder is added. Flower pot is a small thing but when we
are automated like this product it will definitely motivates the automation in India.

vii
LIST OF UNITS AND ABBREVATIONS

M.S Mild Steel


DCV Directional Control Valve
Ρ Density
V Volt
Amps Ampere
kW kilo Watts
N/m2 Newton per Square meter
Rpm Rotations per minutes
HP Horse Power
Nm Newton meter
Pi Numerical Constant (3.14)
m/s meter per second
A.C Alternate Current
D.C Direct Current
Cm Centimeter
Mm Millimeter

viii
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO NAME OF FIGURE PAGE


NO
Clay flower pot
1.1
2

2.1 Clay flower pot making process


4

4.1 DC Wiper Motor


8

4.2 Arduino-UNO(ATMEGA328 Microcontroller)


8

4.3 Lead screw


10

4.4 Pneumatic cylinder


10

4.5 DCV
11

4.6 Relay coil


12

4.7 Pneumatic hoses


12

4.8 Bearing
13

4.9 Die
14

4.10 Bolt and Nut


14

4.11 Hopper
14

4.12 Proximity Sensor


15

ix
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 MOTIVATION OF PROJECT

Flower pots have a number of uses such as transporting plants to new


locations, starting seeds and indoor cultivation of plants, and the growing of tender
plants in colder regions indoors. Clay pots are usually affordable enough to suit any
budget. Part of the beauty of clay pots is their tendency to beautify with age as they
weather and absorb mineral salts from the soil. Reused clay pots are perfect for the
budget-minded and have a delightful rustic feel to them that can't be duplicated with
synthetic materials.

At the present time, plants are commonly grown in plastic pots rather than the
clay flower pots. Plastic pots are deficient in that the soil temperature is affected by
fluctuations in the temperature of the atmosphere. These variations in soil
temperature affect the growth of the plant.

Therefore an object of this invention to provide a flower pot formed of a light,


durable material in which the plant may be grown. It is a further object of this
invention to provide a flower pot formed of a material which is an efficient heat
insulator and prevents variations in atmospheric temperature from being transmitted
to the soil contained in the pot. To provide a flower pot which is formed of a porous
material having the ability to absorb and retain moisture, thus requiring less frequent
watering of the plant in the pot.

For increase the productivity of clay flower pot rather that the plastic or
compressed mature, clay flower pot is always better than plastic. The figure 1.1
shows the plant which grows in clay flower pot.

1
Figure 1.1 Clay flower pot with plant

2
CHAPTER-2

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the project is to produce the clay flower pot with minimum
cost .Because the clay flower pot usage is decreased due the plastic flower pot. In
clay flower pot making only minimum number of people only working, this will
increase the productivity of clay flower pot.

2.1 LITERATURE COLLECTION

2.1.1 POTTERY

Pottery is the clay material which makes up pottery wares, of which major
types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares
are made by a potter is also called a pottery. Clay ware takes on varying physical
characteristics during the making of pottery. (Bradshaw & Bradshaw Vincent L,
1981)Green ware refers to unfired objects. At sufficient moisture content, bodies at
this stage are in their most plastic form (they are soft and malleable, and hence can
be easily deformed by handling).Leather- hard refers to a clay body that has been
dried partially. At this stage the clay object has approximately 15% moisture content.
Clay bodies at this stage are very firm and only slightly pliable. Trimming and handle
attachment often occurs at the leather- hard state. Bone-dry refers to clay bodies
when they reach a moisture content at or near 0%. At that moisture level, the item is
ready to be bisque fired. Biscuit refers to the clay after the object is shaped to the
desired form and fired in the kiln for the first time, known as "bisque fired" or "biscuit
fired". This firing changes the clay body in several ways. Mineral components of the
clay body will undergo chemical changes that will change the colour of the clay.
Glaze fired is the final stage of some pottery making. A glaze may be applied to the
bisque form and the object can be decorated in several ways. After this the object is
"glazed fired", which causes the glaze material to melt, then adhere to the object.
The glaze firing will also harden the body still more as chemical processes can
continue to occur in the body.

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Pottery is made by forming clay body into objects of a required shape and
3
heating them to high temperatures in a kiln which removes all the water from
the clay, which induces reactions that lead to permanent changes including
increasing their strength and hardening and setting their shape. (Lundberg et.al,
1980) A clay body can be decorated before or after firing; however, prior to some
shaping processes, clay must be prepared. Figure 2.1 explains the traditional clay
pot making process. Kneading helps to ensure an moisture content throughout the
body. Air trapped within the clay body needs to be removed.

Figure 2.1 Traditional clay pot making process

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS

 The process of making flower pot through traditional method will take much
time.
 The productivity of the clay flower pot will be very much low in traditional
method because only less number of employees are working in the pottery
field.
 Due to the less productivity the plastic flower pot are increased much then
the clay flower pot.

2.2 PROPOSED SOLUTION

The flower pot shaped die and mold are used to get desired shape of the pot.
In the mold the clay mixture is deposited and the die is connected with pneumatic
piston which will give the pressure to press the clay mixture .Then the required
shape get obtained. Then by heating the mold the pot get hardened the cement and
wood powder are used as a additives to prevent crack while heating.

4
2.2.1 ADVANTAGES

 The clay flower pot are manufactured in less time. While traditional me method
take too much of time.
 The productivity is also more than the traditional method.
 It is very easy to operate the machine.

2.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The clay and the additive such as cement and wood power are mixed and
deposited in the hopper. The proximity sensor will detect the level of the clay mixture
when it reach its level the hopper is opened. And the clay mixture is deposited into
the mold. Another proximity sensor will detect the clay mixture in the mold when it
detected the pneumatic piston is actuated at the end of the piston the die will be
connected. The 5/2 solenoid actuated DCV will get actuated by a relay and 12v
battery. So the spool in the DCV changed and actuates the pneumatic cylinder. Then
the die will press the clay mixture then it obtained the required shape. The mold part
is heated by the nichrome wire. The supply is given at the nichrome wire then it
change that electrical energy into heat energy. After attending a certain time limit the
flower pot got hardened. When it get hardened the motor at the bottom is actuated.
The leadscrew is initially connected to the motor using spur gear. When the motor
rotate the leadscrew will move in up and down direction. The bearing is welded at
the each end of the leadscrew. Nut is connected at the leadscrew and a small plate
is welded with the nut. When leadscrew rotate the nut moves up and down. The
plate is at the bottom of mold which is used to lift the pot.

5
CHAPTER 3

FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

The proposed project is economically feasible, as all the components are


already available. And these components cost are minimum. So cost wise, it is
economically feasible where the price of the project will not be the major problem.

3.2 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

The operational feasibility is very easy because it mainly focusses on the


mechanical component. And the electrical components are not too high as compared
to mechanical component. To operate the machine the operator does not required
any knowledge.

3.3 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

The machine is easily portable the transportation will not be an issue. The
mechanical and the electrical design are easy to understand. Complex design is not
involved. Most of the components are joined with nut and bolt so it can be easily
removed and joined. Therefore our project is technically feasible.

6
CHAPTER 4

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

4.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DESIGN:

The setup is broadly divided in to three major parts; one is the mechanical
setup involving the Gear, leadscrew, Bearings,. While the second part is the
electrical circuit involving limit switch, relays, microcontroller, motor and the third part
is Pneumatic system involving Pneumatic Cylinders, DCV, Hoses, The three parts
work with synergy to perform the Automatic clay flower pot making process .Once
the inputs from the proximity sensor is obtained the pneumatic cylinder which contain
the die, the supply for the nichrome wire and the motor in the bottom can be
actuated . Table 4.1 shows the components mainly used in the system.

4.2 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

4.2.1 DC WIPER MOTOR

A machine that converts direct current power into mechanical power is known
as D.C Motor. Its generation is based on the principle that when a current carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a mechanical
force. The direction of this force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule. Figure 4.1
shows the DC motor used in this project. When the terminals of the motor are
connected to an external source of dc supply; The field magnets are excited
developing alternate N and S poles.
The armature conductors carry currents. All conductors under N-pole carry
currents in one direction while all the conductors under S-pole carry currents in the
opposite direction.Vehicles with air operated brakes sometimes
use pneumatic wipers, powered by tapping a small amount of pressurized air from
the brake system to a small air operated motor mounted on or just above the
windscreen. These wipers are activated by opening a valve which allows pressurized
air to enter the motor.

7
Figure 4.1 DC Wiper Motor

4.2.2 ARDUINO UNO

A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC or MCU) is a small computer on


a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals. Program memory is in the form of NOR flashes or OTP
ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM.
Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers or other general application purpose.
The figure 4.2 shows the Arduino which is used in this project. This project utilizes an
ATMEGA328 microcontroller, with ARDUINO platform, a 28 pin IC. Microcontrollers
are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile
engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office
machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems.

Figure 4.2 Arduino-UNO(ATMEGA328 Microcontroller)

8
Table 4.1 Components Used

S No Components Description
1 DC Wiper Motor 24V, 20Nm,45 rpm

2 Arduino uno ATMEGA 328

3 Relay 6V DC

4 Solenoid Actuated DCV 5/2 , 24V DC

5 Pneumatic Cylinders Double acting


Connects compressor and pneumatic
6 Pneumatic Hoses
cylinders
7 Bolt and nuts Low or medium carbon steel

8. Bearing 6202

9. Leadscrew Thread 2mm

10. Hopper Sheet metal 3mm

11 Die Mild steel


Plastic material & straight teeth with
12 Rack and pinion
mating ratio 1:1
13 Proximity sensor 12v DC

14 Gear Mild steel & spur gear

15 DC motor 6v 1amps

4.2.3 LEADSCREW

A leadscrew , also known as a power screw or translation screw, is


a screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear
motion. Because of the large area of sliding contact between their male and female
members, screw threads have larger frictional energy losses compared to other
linkages. They are not typically used to carry high power, but more for intermittent
use in low power actuator and positioner mechanisms. Common applications are
linear actuators, machine slides (such as in machine tools), vises, presses. Figure
4.3 shows the diagram of the Lead screw that is used in the project.

9
Figure 4.3 Lead screw

4.2.4 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

Pneumatic cylinder(s) (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical


devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a
reciprocating linear motion. Like hydraulic cylinders, something forces a piston to
move in the desired direction. The piston is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod
transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved. Engineers sometimes
prefer to use pneumatics because they are quieter, cleaner, and do not require large
amounts of space for fluid storage. One major issue engineers come across working
with pneumatic cylinders has to do with the compressibility of a gas. Figure 4.4
shows an pneumatic cylinder for pressing the clay mixture in mold . Many studies
have been completed on how the precision of a pneumatic cylinder can be affected
as the load acting on the cylinder tries to further compress the gas used. Under a
vertical load, a case where the cylinder takes on the full load, the precision of the
cylinder is affected the most. A study at the National Cheng Kung University in
Taiwan, concluded that the accuracy is about ± 30 nm, which is still within a
satisfactory range but shows that the compressibility of air has an effect on the
system.

Figure 4.4 pneumatic cylinder

10
4.2.5 DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE

Directional control valves are one of the most fundamental parts in hydraulic
machinery as well as pneumatic machinery. They allow fluid flow into different paths
from one or more sources. They usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder which is
mechanically or electrically controlled. The movement of the spool restricts or
permits the flow, thus it controls the fluid flow.

These are Electro valves, which are used to operate pneumatic cylinders.
These pneumatic cylinders mostly give a linear mechanical output. 3/2 Valves are
used to actuate single acting pneumatic cylinders and 5/2 valves are used to actuate
double acting pneumatic cylinder. Figure 4.5 shows an solenoid valve direction
control valve for actuating pneumatic cylinder. First number indicates the number of
ports and second number is for number of positions it can switch of a direction
control valve. So, a 3/2 will have only one outlet and can be used to operate a spring
extend/retract air cylinders. 5/2 will have two outlets and can be used to operate a
double acting cylinder. When we give power supply to the solenoid the valve will
switch to the second position from home position.

Figure 4.5 Direction Control Valve


4.2.6 RELAY COIL

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Figure 4.6 is the photographic view


of a relay. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism
mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Figure 4.6 show the relay
that is used in this project. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit
by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and
controlled circuit) or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an
electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power
circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform
11
switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple
operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in
modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments
still called "protective relays".

Figure 4.6 Relay

4.2.7 PNEUMATIC HOSES

Pneumatic tubes (or capsule pipelines; also known as Pneumatic Tube


Transport or PTT) are systems in which cylindrical containers are propelled through
a network of tubes by compressed air or by partial vacuum. They are used for
transporting solid objects, as opposed to conventional pipelines, which transport
fluids.

A small number of pneumatic transportation systems were also built for larger
cargo, to compete with more standard train and subway systems. An image of hoses
is shown in the Figure 4.7. However, these never gained as much popularity as
practical systems.

Figure 4.7 Pneumatic Hose

4.2.8 BEARING

A bearing is any of various machine elements that constrain the relative


motion between two or more parts to only the desired type of motion. This is typically
12
to allow and promote free rotation around a fixed axis or free linear movement; it
may also be to prevent any motion, such as by controlling the vectors of normal
forces. Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and
according to their principle of operation, as well as by the directions of applied loads
they can handle. It is shown in the figure 4.8.

The term "bearing" comes ultimately from the verb "to bear", and a bearing is
thus a machine element that allows one part to bear another. The simplest bearings
are nothing more than bearing surfaces, which are surfaces cut or formed into a part,
with some degree of control over the quality of the surface's form, size, surface
roughness, and location (from a little control to a lot, depending on the application).
Many other bearings are separate devices that are installed into the part or machine.
The most sophisticated bearings, for the most demanding applications, are very
expensive, highly precise devices, whose manufacture involves some of the highest
technology known to human kind.

Figure 4.8 Bearing


4.2.9 DIE

A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape


material mostly using a press. Like molds, dies are generally customized to the item
they are used to create. Figure 4.9 shows an die which is connected in the
pneumatic cylinder.The clay mixture is deposited in the mould then the die press the
clay mixture to obtain the required shape of flower pot.

13
Figure 4.9 Die
4.2.10 BOLT AND NUT

Bolt - a screw that screws into a nut to form a fastener. Nut - a small (usually
square or hexagonal) metal block with internal screw thread to be fitted onto a bolt.
Nuts and bolts are used for connecting the joints. Figure 4.10 shows an Bolt and Nut
Diagram.

Figure 4.10 Bolt and Nut


4.2.11 HOPPER

The clay mixture is deposited into the hopper. Hopper is used to specify the
continuous flow of clay mixture to the mold. Figure 4.11 shows the basic hopper
diagram. When the proximity sensor is detected the clay mixture is released from the
hopper.

Figure 4.11 Hopper

14
4.2.12 PROXIMITY SENSOR

A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects


without any physical contact. Figure 4.12 shows an Proximity sensor for detecting
the object. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of
electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or
return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's
target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensor.

Figure 4.12 Proximity sensor

4.2.13 DC MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct


current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on
the forces produced by magnetic fields. Figure 4.13 shows the DC motor that is used
in the project.Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in
part of the motor. The DC motor which used is 6v with 1amps.

Figure 4.13 DC motor

15
4.2.14 RACK AND PINION

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair


of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. Figure 4.14 shows an
Rack and Pinion for transmitting force. A circular gear called "the pinion" engages
teeth on a linear "gear" bar called "the rack"; rotational motion applied to the pinion
causes the rack to move relative to the pinion, thereby translating the rotational
motion of the pinion into linear motion.

Figure 4.14 Rack and Pinion

4.2.15 GEAR

A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which
mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque. Geared devices can change the
speed, torque, and direction of a power source. Figure 4.15 shows the basic spur
gear diagram. Gears almost always produce a change in torque, creating a
mechanical advantage, through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a
simple machine. The teeth on the two meshing gears all have the same shape.

Figure 4.15 Gear


16
4.3 DESIGN CALCULATION

4.3.1 MASS OF THE COMPONENT

Material used = mild steel


Density = 7.85x10^-6 Kg/mm^3
Frame = 10.32 Kg
Motor mass = 2.3 Kg
Pneumatic cylinder = 2.13 Kg
Lead screw = 1.5 Kg
Die and Mold = 8.85 Kg
Total mass = 17.12 Kg ~17 Kg

4.3.2 MOTOR SPECIFICATION

Motor type : DC Wiper Motor


Power = 2x3.14xnT/60
Torque T = F*R

Force = 20*9.81
= 196.2 N
= 196.2*0.1
= 19.62 Nm or 2 Kgfm
Speed of the motor
Velocity = 0.16 m/s
Diameter of the rim = 0.06 m
v= πDn/60
0.16= π*0.06*n/60
N = 50.9 rpm
Motor type : DC Motor
Power = 2x3.14xnT/60
Torque T = F*R
Force = 10*9.81
= 98.1 N
= 98.1*0.1
= 9.81 Nm or 0.981 Kgfm

17
Speed of the motor
Velocity= 0.16 m/s
Diameter of the rim = 0.05 m
v= πDn/60
0.16= π*0.05*n/60
N = 61.14 rpm

4.3.3 ARDUINO SPECIFICATION

Manufacturer : ATMEL
Model no : ATMEGA38
Memory : 32k bytes (flash)
I/O ports : 28
RAM : 2K bytes
Timers : Two 8bit and One 16 bit

4.3.4 ELECTRONIC RELAY SPECIFICATION

Type : Single point relay


Coil voltage : 12V/DC
Operating voltage : 250 VAC/10A---28VDC/10A

4.3.5 BATTERY SPECIFICATION

Operating voltage : 12V/DC


Output current : 5A
Output voltage : 12V/DC

18
CHAPTER 5

FABRICATION PROCESS
5.1 CAD MODELLING

Designing is the most important stage of any product. This machine is


designed using solid works software. Initially the part drawings are made to the
dimension specified and then the parts are assembled as shown in figure 5.1. The
reason for choosing solid works over AutoCAD is the fact that the ease with working
in the former one.

Figure 5.1 Solid Works Model

5.2 ELECTRICAL SECTION

The electrical section consists of microcontroller circuit, relay circuit motor and
battery. All the circuits are built on a dot board except the microcontroller circuit which
is built using a microcontroller development board. The electrical circuit is shown in the
figure 5.2. Relay board has relays which converts the signals from the microcontroller
to actuating components.

19
Figure 5.2 Electrical Circuit

5.3 MECHANICAL AND PNEUMATIC SECTION

The mechanical section as a whole consists of both mechanical components


and pneumatic components integrated. The mechanical section consists of frame or
chassis which forms the base of the prototype on which the pneumatic and
electronics system can be placed. The mechanical section consists of the motor set
up at the bottom. The complete fabricated setup is shown in figure 5.3. The motor
gear is connected to the leadscrew gear when the motor rotate the nut which is
connected in the leadscrew will move up and down. The bearings are welded at the
end of the leadscrew, which is used to move the pot up. When the clay mixture in the
mold is detected the DCV get actuated the spool changed the pneumatic supply is
given to the pneumatic cylinder and the flower pot get required shape. Then the
supply is given to the nichrome wire and the mold gets heated due to that the pot
also heated. When the pot gets hardened the pot get out from that using the wiper
motor at the bottom. The motor is connected to the gear with leadscrew and bearing
at both welded. The bolt moves up and down while motor rotates. The bottom of the
20
pot there is a plate which is moved up to lift the pot from the mold.

Figure 5.3 Fabricated setup

21
CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE


6.1 CONCLUSION

The automatic clay flower pot making is more efficient then the plant is grown
in an plastic flower pot. In the clay flower the plant will absorb mineral salts from the
soil. The pottery makers are less so they produce only limited amount of pots. This
will increase the production of clay pots.

6.2 FUTURE SCOPE

This system can be further improved by providing fertilizers with the clay pot
while making. So enough nutrient will be provided for the plant to grow in the clay
flower pot.

22
REFERENCES

1. Bradshaw, V.L., Bradshaw Vincent L, 1981. Method of making a ceramic


article and article of manufacture. U.S. Patent 4,263,734.
2. https://www.thesprucecrafts.com
3. https://www.homedit.com
4. Lundberg, J.A., Schafer, R.J., Toeniskoetter, R.H. and Pelfrey, R.L.,

Ashland Inc, 1980. Flower pot and method for making. U.S. Patent
4,193,909.’
5. Kalpakjian, S., Vijai Sekar, K.S. and Schmid, S.R., 2014. Manufacturing
engineering and technology.
6. Timoshenko, S. and MacCullough, G.H., 1949. Elements of strength of
materials.

7. Toliyat, H.A., Nandi, S., Choi, S. and Meshgin-Kelk, H., 2012. Electric
machines: modeling, condition monitoring, and fault diagnosis. CRC
press.
8. Weder, D.E., Highland Supply Corp, 1994. Covering for flower pot and floral
grouping. U.S. Patent 5,307,606.
9. Yoon, D.Y., 2005. ATmega128 Master.

23
APPENDIX

MICRO CONTROLLER PROGRAM:


void setup() {
pinMode(2,INPUT);//sensor 1
pinMode(4,INPUT);//sensor 2
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);//pneumatic cylinder
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);//nichrome wire
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);//motor forward
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);//motor reverse
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);//motor forward
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);//motor reverse
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
if (digitalRead(2) == 1)
{
digitalWrite(8,HIGH);
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(8,LOW);
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(10,HIGH);

delay(3000);
digitalWrite(10,LOW);
delay(3000);

if (digitalRead(4) ==1)
{
Serial.println(digitalRead(2));
digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
delay(3000);
digitalWrite(9,HIGH);
24
delay(10000);
digitalWrite(9,low);
delay(10000);
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
delay(10000);
digitalWrite(11,low);
delay(10000);
digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
delay(10000);
digitalWrite(12,low);
delay(10000);
}
}

25
x

You might also like