ASCE 7-10 Design Provisions for Seismically Isolated Buildings

Chapter 10
The ASCE 7-10 Design Provisions for

Seismically Isolated Buildings
CIEDamping
CIE
Supplemental 626- -Structural
626 Structural Control
Control
and Seismic Isolation
Chapter 10 – The ASCE 7-10 Design Provisionsfor
for 1
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Seismic 7-10 DesignSystems
Isolation Provisions
SeismicallyIsolated
Seismically IsolatedBuildings
Buildings
CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Design Methods
3. Design Based on Static Analysis
4. Design Based on Dynamic Analysis
5. Adequacy Assessment of Bearings
6. Design Review and Testing
7. Design Example
8. Project Example
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Supplemental 626 - Structural Control
2
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Seismic7-10 DesignSystems
Isolation Provisions for
Major References
• ASCE 7-10 Standard
– Chapter 17
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
1. Introduction
• Early versions of seismic provisions for seismically
isolated structures:
– Emphasized simple, statically equivalent method of design
– Displacements concentrated at isolation level
– Superstructure assumed to moves as a rigid body
– Design based on single mode of vibration
– Design forces for superstructure computed from isolator
forces at design displacement
• Recent versions of seismic provisions:
– Increased situations for dynamic analysis
– Incentives to encourage dynamic analysis
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
2. Design Methods
• For all seismic isolation designs, necessary to first perform static analysis
• Static Analysis establishes minimum level for design displacements and
forces
• Static analysis (or equivalent lateral force procedure) can be used as only
design method if all following conditions are met:
– Design spectral acceleration at a period of 1 second is less than or equal to 0.6 g.
– Structure is located on soil type A, B, C, or D.
– Structure above isolation interface not more than four stories or 20 m in height.
– Isolated period of structure at design displacement less than or equal to 3
seconds.
– Isolated period of structure at design displacement greater than three times the
elastic fixed-based period of the structure (i.e. ε < 1/9 )
– Structure is regular.
– The isolation system does not limit MCE displacement to less than the total
maximum displacement.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
2. Design Methods
• For all seismic isolation designs, necessary to first perform static analysis
forces
– Effective stiffness of the isolation system at design displacement greater than 1/3
of effective stiffness at 20% of design displacement.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
2. Design Methods
• For all seismic isolation designs, necessary to first perform static analysis.
forces.
– The isolation system configured to produce a restoring force such that the lateral
force at the total design displacement is at least 0.025W greater than the lateral
force at 50 percent of the total design displacement.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
2. Design Methods
– All other cases, dynamic analysis is required.
– Response spectrum analysis can be used in following cases:
• Structure located on soil type A, B, C, or D.
• Effective stiffness of the isolation system at design displacement greater
than 1/3 of effective stiffness at 20% of design displacement.
• The isolation system configured to produce a restoring force such that the
lateral force at the total design displacement is at least 0.025W greater than
the lateral force at 50 percent of the total design displacement.
• The isolation system does not limit MCE displacement to less than the total
maximum displacement.
– For all other cases, time-history dynamic analysis required.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• After preliminary design completed, prototype isolators
constructed and tested.
• Values of kDmin and kDmax obtained from test results.
• Results of prototype tests also used to refine
preliminary design, and when dynamic analysis used,
needed to establish bounds on design quantities.
• Because effective stiffness and the effective damping
dependent on displacement, the process of computing
TD and BD is iterative.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Preliminary Design Flowchart
Assume a design displacement, DD
Determine the minimum lateral siffness of isolators , kDmin, at displacement DD.
Calculate effective isolated period, TD, at displacement DD:
Calculate equivalent viscous damping, ζ, and the reduction factor BD.
Calculate an updated design displacement, DD∗ :

*
No ?and Seismic Yes Preliminary design

DD = DD * CIE Damping
Isolation
DD ≈ DD*DesignSystems completed 15
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Seismic7-10
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
ASCE 7-10 standard specifications
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
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Chapter The– ASCE
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• RI factor for base isolated structure much lower than R factor for equivalent
fixed base structure.
• In fixed-base design, several factors lead to values of R:
– Period shift: as structure yields, period lengthens and force demand reduces.
– Damping increase because of yielding of structural elements.
• For isolated structure, only overstrength and redundancy are applicable.
– Period shift in superstructure counters effectiveness of isolation system.
• Decreases the separation between fixed base period and the isolated period.
• Could attract larger forces and more participation from higher modes.
– Damping in isolated structure less than in fixed base structure.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Vertical distribution of inertia forces:
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Incentives to use dynamic analysis:
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Reduction in displacements to account for
superstructure flexibility:
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Selection of Design Ground Motions:
– Pairs of horizontal components from at least three recorded seismic events
necessary for time-history analysis.
– Events must be representative of site, soil, and source characteristics and have
durations consistent with DBE or MCE.
– Time- histories site within 15 km from major active fault requires near-fault
characteristics.
– Ground motions scaling:
• For each ground motion pair, SRSS of 5% damped spectrum computed
• Motions scaled so that average SRSS spectrum not below target spectrum for the MCE in the
period range 0.5TD to 1.25TD.
– Calculation of design values:
• If three time-histories used:
– Design based on maximum response quantities from three time-history analyses.
• If seven time-histories used:
– Design based on mean response quantities from seven time-history analyses.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
5. Adequacy Assessment of Bearings
• Adequacy Assessment of Bearings
– See Chapter 9
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/publications/catalog/reports/LRFD-Based-
Analysis-and-Design-Procedures-for-Bridge-Bearings-and-Seismic-
Isolators-MCEER-11-0004.html
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Peer Review
 Composition:
 Must be conducted by an independent team of professionals familiar with seismic isolation technology
(seer ASCE 7-10, Section 17.7).
 Responsibilities:
1. Review of design criteria specific to the site including:
 Development of site specific design response spectra.
 Development of site specific design ground motion time-histories.
 All other design criteria developed specifically for the project.
2. Review of preliminary design including:
 Determination of total design displacement, DTD.
 Determination of maximum total design displacement, DTM.
 Determination of design forces.
3. Review and observation of prototype testing.
4. Review of the final design of the entire structure, the SFRS and the isolation system.
5. Review of the quality control criteria and procedures of the testing program.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
28 Seismically Isolated Buildings
 Testing Requirements
 To verify the deformation and damping characteristics of the isolation system.
 Testing of two full-scale prototype specimens of each type of isolators used in
the project including wind locking mechanisms.
 Prototype specimens not be used in construction.
 Cyclic testing on each specimen under a vertical load equal to the average of the
service dead load plus half of the service live load.
 If the properties of the isolator depends on the rate of loading, dynamic tests
must be conducted at a frequency equal to the inverse of the effective isolation
period at the design displacement, 1/TD.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Testing Protocol:
1. Twenty load-controlled reversed cycles corresponding to the
design wind load.
2. Three displacement-controlled reversed cycles for each of the
following displacement increments:
 0.25DD, 0.5DD, 1.0DD, et 1.0DM.
3. Three displacement-controlled reversed cycles corresponding to
the maximum total design displacement, 1.0DTM.
4. 30SD1/SDSBD ≥ 10 cycles displacement-controlled reversed cycles
corresponding to the total design displacement, , 1.0DTD.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 SRMD (Seismic Response Modification
Device) Testing Facility , UC-San Diego
Removable steel cross-
beam and tie-down rods
Reaction Wall
Bearing specimen
Moveable platen
Horizontal
actuators
Concrete
frame
Hydrostatic slide bearing- Stabilizing hydrostatic slide bearing-

actuators beneath platen actuators on platen’s outrigger arms
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Spécifications
Vertical Longitudinal Transverse
Force 53,400 kN 8,900 kN 4,450 kN
(12,000 kips) (2,000 kips) (1,000 kips)
Displacement ± 0.127 m ± 1.22 m ± 0.61 m
(5 in.) (48 in.) (24 in.)
Velocity ± 254 mm/s ± 1778 mm/s ± 762 mm/s
(10 in./s) (70 in./sec) (30 in./sec)
Clearance Up to 1.52 m ~4m
(5 ft) (13 ft)
Relative rotation ± 2° ± 2° ± 2°
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Pipe Trench
C
L Building Accumulator
Building
High Bay Portion Low Bay Portion

Control Room
High Bay Physics and SRMD Test Facility
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Slide Bearing
Corner Fixture Actuator Steel Bearing Plate
Platen
Horizontal 10.4 m
Actuator (34 ft)
Outrigger Arm
18.3 m (60 ft)
Plan View of Test System
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Slide Bearing Tie-Down System
Reaction Actuators and Steel Cross Frame
Wall
Corner Fixture
1.8 m
(6 ft)
4.1 m
(13.5 ft)
Lab Floor
3.5 m
(11.5 ft)
Prestressing System Piping

System
0.6 m
(2 ft) 18.3 m (60 ft)
Longitudinal Section View of Test

System
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Platen assembly
0.9 m
(3 ft)
Cross Section View
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Steel cross-
beam and post-
tensioned steel
Vertical forces (blue)
tie-rods.
are reacted by the
vertical self-reacting
concrete and steel
frame.
Post-tensioned Horizontal forces (red) are reacted

concrete beam by the horizontal self-reacting
concrete frame and the steel
across bottom of
cross-beam above.
concrete frame.
Schematic of Self-Reacting Frames / Foundation
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Quantity 4
Capacity (tension) 4,500 kN (1,000 kips)
Capacity (compr.) 7,000 kN (1,600 kips) Horizontal actuators
Stroke 2.5 m (100 in)
Rod diameter 0.3 m (12 in)
Bore 0.5 m (20 in)
Max velocity 1.8 m/s (70 in/s)
Swivels ± 10°
Servovalves 19.3 m3/min (5,000 gpm)
Pressure 35 MPa (5,000 psi)
Weight (each) 13 ton (28 kips)
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Chapter The– ASCE
Quantity 4
Capacity (tension) NA
Vertical actuators
Capacity (compr.) 18,000 kN (4,000 kips)
Stroke 0.25 m (10 in)
Rod diameter NA
Bore 0.81 m (32 in)
Swivels ± 2°
Servovalves 11 m3/min (3,000 gpm)
Weight (each) 4.4 ton (9.7 kips)
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Quantity 4
Capacity (tension) NA
Capacity (compr.) 534 kN (120 kips)
Stroke 0.5 m (20 in) Outrigger stabilizing actuators
Rod diameter NA
Bore 0.19 m (7.5 in)
Swivels ± 2°
Servovalves 0.7 m3/min (180 gpm)
Weight (each) 0.4 ton (1 kips)
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Pipe Trench
Surge Tank
Control
Room
10 Accumulator Racks
Hydraulic Pump (10 Bottles per Rack)
Accumulator Building and Control Room

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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
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Chapter The– ASCE
DIS LR Bearing, Vertical Load = 558 kips, Displacement = 22 in, velocity = 60 in/s
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Chapter The– ASCE
DIS LR Bearing, 400% strain

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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
7. Design Example
Design of a 4-story seismically isolated

building and verification of the equivalent
static force method of ASCE 7-10.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
SeismicallyIsolated
Buildings
Building Description 73.2 m
 Four-story regular steel building part of a hospital.
 No in-plane or elevation irregularity.
 Ie = 1.5 SC
e = 600 mm
 Plan dimensions : 73.2 m x 45.75 m (isolation)
45.75 m
 Total height: 19.52 m (4.88 m per story)
 Seismic weight above the isolation plane: 107 MN.
e = 600 mm CM
 SFRS composed of peripheral special concentrically (building)
braced steel frames (per ASCE 7-10)
 R=6
 Eccentricity of 600 mm in each principal direction
between the center of mass (CM) of the building above
the isolation plane and the shear center (SC) of the
4 @ 4.88 m
isolation system
 Design seismic parameters (per ASCE 7-10):
 Soil type D
 SDS = 0.83 and SD1 =0.58 (DE)
 SMS = 1.25 and SM1 =0.87 (MCE)
Isolation plane
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Seismic Isolation System
 Two types of isolation bearings Type 1 0.92 kN/mm
with the force-displacement
envelopes shown from prototype 0.77 kN/mm
testing. 2.51 kN/mm
 20 bearings of Type 1
2.09 kN/mm
50 mm
 34 bearings of Type 2
 Linear viscous dampers in Type 2
parallel with the isolation 1.31 kN/mm
system: 1.10 kN/mm
 Provide a supplemental damping 2.84 kN/mm
ratio of 9.4% of critical. 2.37 kN/mm
50 mm
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
47
Design Requirements
1. Determine the total design displacement, DTD , and
the total maximum displacement, DTM , of the
bearings using the equivalent static force procedure.
2. Determine the minimum design force under and
over the isolation plane. It is assumed that wind
loads are not critical.
3. Verify that the equivalent static force procedure is
applicable for this building.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
1. Determination of DTD and DTM
for the bearings
 Design displacement at the center of rigidity of
the bearings:
SD1 =0.58
 Equivalent viscous damping ratio and damping

reduction factor:
+ 0.094
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
for the bearings
 Effective isolated period at the design
displacement:
W = 107 MN
k D min = 20k D min Type 1 + 34k D min Type 2
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
for the bearings
Assume a design displacement, DD
Determine the minimum lateral siffness of isolators , kDmin, at displacement DD.
Calculate effective isolated period, TD, at displacement DD:
Calculate equivalent viscous damping, ζ, and the reduction factor BD.
Calculate an updated design displacement, DD∗ :

*
No ? Yes Preliminary design

DD = DD *
DD ≈ DD* completed
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
4-Story Isolated Building Example
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
for the bearings
 DD = 311.6 mm; kDmax =76.39 kN/mm, TD = 2.59 s
73.2 m
CM
e = 600 mm
(isolation)
45.75 m
e = 600 mm
CM
(building)
 DTD = 389.8 mm
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
53
for the bearings
 Maximum displacement at the center of rigidity of
the bearings:
SM1 =0.87
 Equivalent viscous damping ratio and damping

reduction factor:
+ 0.094
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
for the bearings
 Effective isolated period at maximum displacement:
W = 107 MN
k M min = 20k M min Type 1 + 34k M min Type 2
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Assume a maximum displacement, DM
Determine minimum effective stiffness of the bearings, kMmin, at a displacement DM.
Calculate the effective isolated period, TM, at a displacement DM:
Calculate the equivalent viscous damping ratio, ζ, and the damping reduction factor BD.
Calculate an updated maximum displacement, DM∗ :

*
No ? Yes Preliminary design

DM = DM *
DM ≈ DM* completed
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
4-Story Isolated Building Example
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
for the bearings
 DM = 485.3 mm; kMmax =71.68 kN/mm, TM = 2.68 s 73.2 m
CM
e = 600 mm
(isolation)
45.75 m
e = 600 mm
CM
(building)
 DTM = 607.2 mm
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
58
2. Determination of minimum design force
under and over the isolation plane
 Minimum design force under the isolation plane:
Vb = (76.39 kN/mm)(311.6 mm ) = 23.80 MN
 Minimum design force over the isolation plane:

1 ≤ RI = R = (6) = 2.26 ≤ 2 → RI = 2
3 3
8 8
Vs =
(76.39 kN/mm)(311.6 mm) = 11.90 MN
2
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
2. Determination of minimum design force
under and over the isolation plane
 Vs cannot be less than:
I. The design force on the structure with the same seismic
weight W on a rigid base according to the equivalent
lateral force procedure of ASCE 7-10 but with an
S
effective period TD. = V C=
W with : C
(R I ) s s
DS
e
V1 =
S D1
W=
0.58
(107 MN ) = 5.99 MN < Vs = 11.90 MN OK ≤
SD1
TD (R I e ) 2.59(6 1.5) T ( R Ie )
II. The lateral force required to activate the isolation

system multiplied by 1.5.
V2 = 1.5(20ke , max 1 + 34ke, max 2 )D y , max = 1.5(20(2.51kN/mm) + 34(2.84 kN/mm))(50 mm )
V2 = 11.01 MN < Vs = 11.90 MN OK
III. The design wind load

Supplemental 626 -according
CIE DampingStructural Control
and Seismic to ASCE 7-10.
Isolation
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE 7-10
Seismic DesignSystems
60  This verification is not made here.
3. Verification of applicability of
equivalent static force procedure
 Design spectral acceleration at a period of 1 second is less than or equal
to 0.6 g.
 SD1 =0.58
 Structure is located on soil type A, B, C, or D.
 Soil type D
 Structure above isolation interface not more than four stories or 20 m in
height.
 Total height of the building = 19.52 m
 Isolated period of structure at design displacement less than or equal to 3
seconds.
 TD = 2.59 s
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Isolated period of structure at design displacement greater than three
times the elastic fixed-based period of the structure.
 Use the empirical formula of ASCE 7-10 for the fundamental period of
concentrically braced frame: Ta = 0.0488 hn0.75 where hn is the total height
of the building in meters.
Ta = 0.0488 hn0 .75 = 0.0488(19.52 m ) = 0.45 s

0.75
3Ta = 3(0.45 s ) = 1.35 s < TD = 2.59 s
 The structure is regular: by assumption

 The isolation system does not limit MCE displacement to less than the
total maximum displacement.
 To insure during the design of the bearings.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Effective stiffness of the isolation system at design displacement greater than
1/3 of effective stiffness at 20% of design displacement.
Type 1 Type 2
0.92 kN/mm 1.31 kN/mm
0.77 kN/mm 1.10 kN/mm
2.51 kN/mm 2.84 kN/mm
2.09 kN/mm 2.37 kN/mm
50 mm 50 mm
0.2 DD = 0.2(311.6 mm ) = 62.32 mm 0.2 DD = 0.2(311.6 mm ) = 62.32 mm

Bearings Type 1 : Bearings Type 2 :
F0 .2 DD = 2.51 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 0.92 kN/mm (62.32 mm − 50 mm ) = 136.83 kN F0 .2 DD = 2.84 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 1.32 kN/mm (62.32 mm − 50 mm ) = 158.26 kN
1 136.83 kN 1 158.26 kN
k DD = = 0.73 kN/mm k DD = = 0.85 kN/mm
3 3(62.32 mm ) 3 3(62.32 mm )
FDD = 2.51 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 0.92 kN/mm (311.6 mm − 50 mm ) = 366.17 kN FDD = 2.84 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 1.32 kN/mm (311.6 mm − 50 mm ) = 487.31 kN
366.17 kN 1 487.31 kN 1
k DD = = 1.18 kN/mm > k DD = 0.73 kN/mm k DD = = 1.56 kN/mm > k DD = 0.85 kN/mm
311.6 mm 3 311.6 mm 3
 Same conclusion if minimum stiffness values are used.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 The isolation system configured to produce a restoring force such that the lateral
force at the total design displacement is at least 0.025W greater than the lateral force
at 50 percent of the total design displacement.
Force
FD Type 1
TD Type 2
0.92 kN/mm
F0.5 D 1.31 kN/mm
TD
FD ≥ F0.5 D + 0.025W 0.77 kN/mm

TD TD
1.10 kN/mm
2.51 kN/mm
2.84 kN/mm
0.5DTD DTD Déplacement
2.09 kN/mm
0.5DTD = 0.5(389.8 mm ) = 194.9 mm
2.37 kN/mm
50 mm
Bearings Type 1 : 50 mm
F0 .5 D = 2.51 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 0.92 kN/mm (194.9 mm − 50 mm ) = 258.81 kN Complete Isolation System :
F = 2.51 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 0.92 kN/mm (389.8 mm − 50 mm ) = 438.12 kN FDTD = 20(438.12 kN ) + 34(587.14 kN ) = 28.73 MN
TD
DTD
Bearings Type 2 : F0 .5 D = 20(258.81 kN ) + 34(331.82 kN ) = 16.46 MN

TD
F0 .5 D = 2.84 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 1.31 kN/mm (194.9 mm − 50 mm ) = 331.82 kN FDTD = 28.73 MN ≥ F0 .5 DTD + 0.025W = 16.46 MN + 0.025(107 MN ) = 19.14 MN
TD
FDTD = 2.84 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 1.31 kN/mm (389.8 mm − 50 mm ) = 587.14 kN
 Same conclusion if minimum stiffness values are used.

CIE Damping
64 Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
8. Project Example
Design of a Base Isolated Building per
ASCE 7-10 Standard
Contributor:
Jorge Mario Cueto Baiz
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
SeismicallyIsolated
Buildings
General Description of the Building
• Use
– Residential
• Plan Dimensions
– 20 m x 20 m
• Floor Area
– 340 m2
(Residential)
– 430 m2
(Basement)
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• # of Floors
– 10 + 2 Basements
• Story Height
– 2.40m
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Structural System
– This building has two different structural systems.
– Residential Floors (Upper System)

• Reinforced Concrete (RC) Bearing Walls
with flat RC slab.
• Walls Thickness: 0.12m
• Slabs Thickness: 0.10m
– Basement Floors (Lower System)

• RC Structural Walls with ribbed slab
• Walls Thickness: 0.40m
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Comments on the Structural System (Why two?)
– Big cities have one common problem: lack of space.
– Bearing Walls is a cheap and fast way to construct residential
buildings.
– Walls systems are not good to provide space for parking lots,
therefore, frame systems must be used for basements.
– This means that the systems must be combined, however:
• The design must meet a significant number of requirements imposed
by codes.
• The behavior of the overall building is driven by the interface
between both systems.
• That interface is subjected to a high demands from the upper level
which might leads to a non-ductile behavior. That is undesirable.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Base Isolation as a Solution
– Instead of combining the systems, let’s divide them using an adequate interface
called: The Isolation Level.
– Two reasons why this building is expected to be a good candidate:
• Look at the overall dimensions of the upper system: 20 x 20 x 25 m, is almost a cube!
• The upper system has several walls. This means that its behavior will be close to a rigid
body. Keep in mind that not all the walls have to be structural.
– However, there are issues to be aware of:

• Accommodate the displacement in the interface. Stairs, elevators, ducts, access ramps, etc.
This is the most critical one but is a reminder that the success of these kind of projects
relies on the interaction of all the professional involved: architect, electrical, structural,
geotechnical, etc.
• The elements that will support the isolators could end up being so massive that the
parking space is significantly reduced.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Load Analysis
• Dead Load (DL)
– Self Weight
• A preliminary model could be built in order to have a sense of
the self-weight of the structural elements.
• SW Upper Level: 28470kN
• SW Lower Level: 7900 kN
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Load Analysis
• Dead Load (DL)
– External
• This load will depend on several aspects such as:
– Use of the building (Luxurious condos and rental apartments will have
different type of finishing).
– Materials to be use in the nonstructural walls.
– Non structural components different than the walls (ceilings, ducts, etc.).
– The finishing and the nonstructural components are different in the
residential floors, in the basements levels and in the roofs.
• For this particular case, the external dead loads are:
Upper Level: 2.0 kN/m2 x (340 m2 x 10 + 430 m2 x 1 ) = 7660 kN

Lower Level: 1.2 kN/m2 x (430 m2 x 1 ) = 516 kN
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72
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Load Analysis
• Live Load (LL)
– Using the ASCE 7-10; Table 4-1.
• For this case in particular the live loads are:

Upper Level: 7030 kN
Lower Level: 830 kN
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73
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Load Analysis
• Summary
DL (SW + Ext) LL
(kN) (kN)
SEISMIC WEIGHT
TO ISOLATE
36130 7030
ISOLATION LEVEL
8416 830
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74
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Location and Seismic Hazard Information
• Specific Location
– The project is assumed to be located in: Palos Verdes,
California, 90274(USA).
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75
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Risk Category and Importance Factor. ASCE 7-
10
–For seismically isolated buildings, Table 1.5-2 DOES NOT

APPLY, instead: USE RESIDENTIAL
RISK CATEGORY I ASCE 7-10, Table 1.5-1
Importance Factor 1 ASCE 7-10, 17.2.1
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76
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Seismic Hazard Information
– Site Class: the geotechnical report for this project
specifies the soil parameters and classifies it as a soft
rock. According to ASCE 7-10, Table 20.3-1 the Site
class is:
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77
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters: The USGS
US Seismic Design Map Web Application is used to
obtain the basic parameters to build up both spectra, DE
and MCE. The input data is:
CIE Damping
78
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters: The output
provided by the USGS US Seismic Design Map Web
Application is:
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79
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Site Coefficients: With the basic parameters from USGS
application output, ASCE 7-10, Table 11.4-1 and -2 are
used to compute Fa and Fv.
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80
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– MCE and Design Spectral Acceleration Parameters: As
per ASCE 7-10, 11.4.3 and 11.4.4:
SMS=FaSs = 1.0x1.498 =1.498
SM1=FvS1 = 1.3x0.574 = 0.746
SDS=2/3SMS = 0.67x1.498 = 0.999
SD1=2/3SM1 = 0.67x0.746 = 0.497

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81
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– MCE and Design Response Spectra: Following the steps
in ASCE 7-10, 11.4.5, the spectral information and
graphs is as follows:
SITE CLASS C SMS (g) 1.498 To (s) 0.100
SS (g) 1.498 SM1 (g) 0.746 Ts (s) 0.498
S1 (g) 0.574 SDS (g) 0.999 TL (s) 8.00 ASCE 7-10, Fig. 22-12
FA 1.00 SD1 (g) 0.497
FV 1.30
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82
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Seismic Design Category (SDC) As per ASCE 7-10,
11.6.
Risk Cat. I
S1 < 0.75 YES
SDC - SDS D SDC Due to SDS, Table 11.6-1
SDC - SD1 D SDC Due to SD1, Table 11.6-2
SDC D
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83
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Fixed-Base Seismic Analysis
• Modeling
– SAP2000 is used to model the structure.
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84
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Periods and Mode Shapes
– MODE 1
• T1 = 0.81s
• Main Direction: Rotational
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85
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– MODE 2
• T2 = 0.58s
• Main Direction: Y
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86
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– MODE 3
• T3 = 0.52s
• Main Direction: X
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87
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Period Determination. ASCE 7-10; 12.8.2
• T < Cu x Ta , where Ta is from eq 12.8-7 and Cu is from Table
12.8-1.
– Ta = Ct x hnX
hn (m) 25
Ct 0.049
x 0.75
Ta (s) 0.55
– Tmax = Cu x Ta
SD1 0.497
Cu 1.40 Table 12.8-1
Tmax (s) 0.77
– T from model
Definite Fundamental Periods
Mode THEREFORE:
T (s) Direction
UpFixed
1 0.810 Rotational Tx (S) 0.52
2 0.580 Y Ty (S) 0.58
3 0.516 X
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88
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Irregularities. ASCE 7-10; Table 12.3-1 & Table 12.3-2
– 1aH and 1bH Torsional and Extreme Torsional
δX1
δY2
δY1
Level δ X1 (m) δ X2 (m) ∆ 1 (m) ∆ MAX T (m) ∆ MAX E (m) OBSERV δ MAX (m) δ PROM (m) AX
10 0.0648 0.0452 0.0085 0.0086 0.0100 OK NA NA 1.00

9 0.0563 0.0393 0.0085 0.0086 0.0101 OK NA NA 1.00
8 0.0478 0.0335 0.0085 0.0086 0.0100 OK NA NA 1.00
7 0.0393 0.0276 0.0082 0.0084 0.0097 OK NA NA 1.00
6 0.0311 0.0219 0.0078 0.0079 0.0092 OK NA NA 1.00
5 0.0233 0.0165 0.0071 0.0073 0.0085 OK NA NA 1.00
4 0.0162 0.0115 0.0062 0.0063 0.0074 OK NA NA 1.00
3 0.0100 0.0072 0.0050 0.0051 0.0060 OK NA NA 1.00
2 0.0050 0.0036 0.0035 0.0036 0.0042 OK NA NA 1.00
δX2 1 0.0015 0.0011 0.0015 0.0016 0.0019 OK NA NA 1.00
TSLAB 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Apply Ax 0 0 #¡DIV/0!
Level δ Y1 (m) δ Y2 (m) ∆ 1 (m) ∆ MAX T (m) ∆ MAX E (m) OBSERV δ MAX (m) δ PROM (m) AX
10 0.0695 0.064203 0.0092 0.0105 0.0123 OK NA NA 1.00

9 0.0602 0.055869 0.0092 0.0106 0.0123 OK NA NA 1.00
8 0.0510 0.047493 0.0091 0.0105 0.0122 OK NA NA 1.00
7 0.0418 0.039162 0.0089 0.0102 0.0119 OK NA NA 1.00
6 0.0330 0.031031 0.0084 0.0097 0.0113 OK NA NA 1.00
5 0.0246 0.023296 0.0076 0.0088 0.0103 OK NA NA 1.00
4 0.0170 0.016194 0.0066 0.0077 0.0090 OK NA NA 1.00
3 0.0104 0.009991 0.0053 0.0062 0.0072 OK NA NA 1.00
2 0.0051 0.004987 0.0036 0.0043 0.0050 OK NA NA 1.00
1 0.0015 0.001502 0.0015 0.0018 0.0021 OK NA NA 1.00
TSLAB 0.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Apply Ax 0 0 #¡DIV/0!
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Irregularities. ASCE 7-10; Table 12.3-1 & Table 12.3-2
– Diaphragm Irregularities
2H. Reentrant Corner Irregularity NOT APPLICABLE
3H. Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity
Open Area 9.1 m2.

Diaph Area 337 m2.
Open Area < 0.50xDiaph Area - OK!
4H to 5H: NOT APPLICABLE
1V to 5V: NOT APPLICABLE
– CLASSIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE:

REGULAR
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90
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Seismic Analysis of Base Isolated Building
• Codes and References
– For the design example, reference will be made to the
following documents:
1. ASCE Standard (ASCE/SEI 7-10), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,
American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia.
2. C. Christopoulos and A. Filiatrault, Principles of Passive Supplemental Damping and Seismic

Isolation, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy, 2006.
3. Constantinou, M.C, Kalpakidis, I., Filiatrault, A., Ecker R.A., LRFD-Based Analysis and Design
Procedures for Bridge Bearings and Seismic Isolators, MCEER Report 11-0004, September 26,
2011.
4. Constantinou, M.C, Whittaker, A.S., Kalpakidis, Y., Fenz, D.M and Warn G.P., Performance of
Seismic Isolation Hardware under Service and Seismic Loading, MCEER Report 07-0012, August
27, 2007.
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91
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Preliminary Design of Isolators
– Why preliminary?
• The design of isolators is highly sensitive to geometry and material.
• The capacity of the isolator depends on the displacement they are subjected to. This means that the
displacement has to be known (or assumed) to find out the properties.
• The preliminary design then, is used to start with some initial values of the isolators and then iterate up to the
point where the displacement assumed is equal to the displacement from the spectra. Also, project
requirements must be satisfied, i.e. minimum overlap factor, limits on the shape factor and maximum
displacement. Then, with the values of load and maximum displacements, adequacy assessment of the
stability and strength of isolators must be performed.
– Type of isolator.
• The selection of the type of isolator hardware (TFP, Lead-Rubber, among others) depends on many reasons.
For this project, the isolator to be used is Lead-Rubber.
– Recommended Procedure for Preliminary Design .
• There is an 8-steps procedure recommended to perform the Preliminary Design.
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92
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 1 – Geometric Properties
• Ref. 3 recommends the following as a starting point:
Do ≈ 3Di to 6Di
Tr ≥ Di
Where:
–Do: Diameter of rubber
–Di: Diameter of the lead plug.
–Tr: Total thickness of rubber.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 2 – Material Properties
• The properties of the material depends on fabricator, however, the
rubber and lead can be typically found with the following values:
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Average Lower Bound Upper Bound
Values Values Values
Geff (MPa) 0.7 0.595 0.805
K (MPa) 2000 2000 2000
GLEAD (MPa) 150 127.5 172.5
Where: τpy (MPa) 10 8.5 11.5
–Geff: Effective Shear Modulus of Rubber.

–K: Compression modulus (or Bulk Modulus).
–GLEAD: Shear Modulus of Lead.
−τpy: Shear Lead Strength.
–Lower and Upper Bound Values are according to recommendations of Ref. 3
and fabricator.
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94
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 3 – Hysteresis Information for One Isolator
• The hysteresis loop can be characterized with the following
parameters:
Where:
–Qd: Characteristic Strength (kN).
–AL: Lead Plug Area (mm2).
–Arubber: Bonded Rubber Area (mm2).
–Kd: Post-elastic Stiffness (kN/mm).
–Y = 25 mm as recommended in Ref. 2.
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95
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 4 – Weight to Isolate and Number of Isolators
• The number of isolators is selected depending upon the requirements for the project. For this example, the
isolators are located on top of the walls of the lower system.
NUMBER OF ISOLATORS : 28
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96
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 5 – Properties of the System of Isolators
• With the number of isolators, the characteristics parameters for
the hysteresis loop of all the isolators can be computed:
• Where N Is the number of isolators.

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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 6 – Assumption of Displacement Xb and
Computation of Dynamic Properties:
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98
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 7 – Computation of Design Displacement (Sd) and
Verification of Xb
• With the damping of the system and the information of the
response acceleration spectra given, the design displacement
can be computed.
• To do so, a damping modification factor B must be computed,
according to Ref. 3:
• With the period Teff and the displacement reduced response

spectra, Sd can be read and iteration on Xb must be performed
until Xb=Sd.
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99
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Step 8 – Preliminary Checking
• Some limits are checked in order to have preliminary results on
parameters that might changes assumptions done at the
beginning. These are:
– Project Requirement Checking:

» Maximum Displacement. For this project, the maximum
displacement allowed due to issues with the ducts is 250mm.
Xb ≤ 250mm
– Overlapping Area Factor (Ar /A ) and Shape Factor (S) Checking:

» This initial checking estimates buckling and shear strain issues.
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100
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Summary Flow Chart for Preliminary Design
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101
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Results from Preliminary Analysis
– Once the iterative process is done for both, lower bound
(LB) and Upper Bound (UB) properties, two targets are
sought:
1. Dynamic Properties of the System:

LOWER BOUND UPPER BOUND
DE MCE DE MCE
β EFF 0.208 0.161 0.223 0.18
Teff (s) 1.72 1.88 1.41 1.57
Sd (mm) 137 230 110 189
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Results from Preliminary Analysis
2. Material Properties for Modeling:
2.1 Lateral Properties
DE MCE DE MCE
K1 SYSTEM (kN/mm) 120 120 163 163
Fy SYSTEM (kN) 3006 3006 4067 4067 For Non linear Analysis Cases
Qd SYSTEM (kN) 2692 2692 3642 3642
Kd SYSTEM (kN/mm) 29.4 29.4 39.8 39.8
KEFF (kN/mm) 49.1 41.1 72.9 59.1 For Linear Analysis Cases
Keff is the only one that changes because is the only one dependent on the displacement.
2.2 Vertical Stiffness

LB UB
Kvγ (kN/m) 1962261 2654824
KvV (kN/m) 3392920 3392920
KVERTICAL (kN/m) 1243244 1489416
All these values are for the system, therefore, have to be divided by 28.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Selection of analysis Procedure. ASCE 7-10, 17.4
– Seven criteria must be evaluated to know which
procedure is applicable. This selection is only for
Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) or Modal Response
Spectrum Analysis (MRSA). Time-History Analysis
1. S (g) 0.574 OK!
1
(THA) is always permitted 6. REGULAR? REGULAR OK!
2. SITE CLASS C OK! (ELF and MRSA)
3. Height Above Isol (m) 24 ELF IS NA!!

LOWER
7a Effective Stiffness BOUND
Keff at Xb (kN/mm) 49.1
3. # of Floors 10 ELF IS NA!!
Keff at 0.2Xb (kN/mm) 128 OK! (ELF and MRSA)
4. TM (s) 1.88 Tm < 3.0 s; OK! 7b Restoring Force
Xb (mm) 137
Tx FIXED-BASE (s) 0.52 F at Xb (kN) 6303
Ty FIXED-BASE (s) 0.58 0.5Xb (mm) 69
3 x TMAX FIXED-BASE (s) 1.74 F at 0.5Xb (kN) 4286 OK! (ELF and MRSA)
5. TD (s) 1.72 Td < 3Tfix; ELF IS NA!!
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Selection of analysis Procedure. ASCE 7-10, 17.4

1. S1 (g) 0.574 OK!
UPPER BOUND
2. SITE CLASS C OK! (ELF and MRSA) 6. REGULAR? REGULAR OK!
3. Height Above Isol (m) 24 ELF IS NA!! 7a Effective Stiffness

3. # of Floors 10 ELF IS NA!! Keff at Xb (kN/mm) 72.9
Keff at 0.2Xb (kN/mm) 205 OK! (ELF and MRSA)
4. TM (s) 1.57 Tm < 3.0 s; OK! 7b Restoring Force
Xb (mm) 110
Tx FIXED-BASE (s) 0.52 F at Xb (kN) 7452
Ty FIXED-BASE (s) 0.58 0.5Xb (mm) 55
3 x TMAX FIXED-BASE (s) 1.74 F at 0.5Xb (kN) 5262 OK! (ELF and MRSA)
5. TD (s) 1.41 Td < 3Tfix ELF IS NA!!
USE: MRSA
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
– Objectives:
• # of modes to use.
• Determine isolated and non-isolated modes and periods.
• Verify mass participation > 90%.
• Build up the “Reduced Spectra”.
• Must be done for Lower and Upper Bound and DE and MCE.
• Check seismic design requirement as per ASCE 7-10.
– Number of Modes to Use:
• It is recommended to use:
– (Number of DOF x 3) + (Number of Isolators x 3 ).
– 14* x 3 + 28 x 3 = 126 modes.
» * 14 = 10 residential floors + 2 machinery and elevators roofs + 2
basements.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
– Isolated and Non-Isolated Modes.
• This is done in order to identify the periods of vibration that
will be reduced by the new damping introduced by the isolator.
• In this example, the first three modes were clearly isolated.
• ISOLATED MODES:
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
• NON-ISOLATED FIRST THREE MODES:

Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis. (LB – DE)
– Isolated Periods and Mass Verification.
TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios
OutputCase StepType StepNum Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ
Text Text Unitless Sec Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless
MODAL Mode 1 1.805304 0.00176 0.83951 2.41E-09 0.00176 0.83951 2.41E-09
MODAL Mode 2 1.792631 0.84255 0.00193 3.059E-07 0.84431 0.84144 3.083E-07
MODAL Mode 3 1.519694 0.00133 0.00277 2.126E-08 0.84565 0.8442 3.295E-07
MODAL Mode 4 0.543093 2.252E-07 0.00172 3.795E-07 0.84565 0.84592 7.09E-07
MODAL Mode 5 0.413024 7.226E-06 0.00338 4.397E-07 0.84565 0.8493 1.149E-06
MODAL Mode 6 0.40044 0.0035 6.197E-06 0.00003517 0.84915 0.84931 0.00003632
MODAL Mode 66 0.01282 2.887E-06 0.00047 0.00135 0.98762 0.99247 0.90003

MODAL Mode 67 0.012592 0.0000222 0.00094 0.00147 0.98764 0.99341 0.9015
MODAL Mode 68 0.011889 0.00003171 0.00035 0.00088 0.98767 0.99376 0.90237
MODAL Mode 69 0.011391 2.767E-06 0.0011 0.00022 0.98767 0.99486 0.90259
MODAL Mode 70 0.011 0.00008376 4.638E-06 0.0005 0.98776 0.99487 0.9031
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis. (LB – MCE)
MODAL Mode 1 1.959463 0.00094 0.84343 1.128E-09 0.00094 0.84343 1.128E-09
MODAL Mode 2 1.948408 0.84453 0.00101 2.169E-07 0.84547 0.84445 2.18E-07
MODAL Mode 3 1.630073 0.00117 0.00114 1.617E-08 0.84663 0.84559 2.342E-07
MODAL Mode 4 0.554051 1.826E-07 0.00124 3.975E-07 0.84663 0.84683 6.317E-07
MODAL Mode 5 0.415845 0.00000469 0.00239 4.267E-07 0.84664 0.84922 1.058E-06
MODAL Mode 6 0.403004 0.00246 4.096E-06 0.00003569 0.8491 0.84922 0.00003675
MODAL Mode 67 0.012607 0.00002566 0.00096 0.00158 0.98762 0.99405 0.90155

MODAL Mode 68 0.011882 0.00002191 0.00036 0.00085 0.98764 0.99442 0.9024
MODAL Mode 69 0.011397 5.029E-07 0.00126 0.00023 0.98764 0.99568 0.90263
MODAL Mode 70 0.010996 0.00008992 4.101E-07 0.00048 0.98773 0.99568 0.90312
MODAL Mode 71 0.009875 0.0002 0.00051 0.00002329 0.98793 0.99619 0.90314
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis. (UB – DE)
MODAL Mode 1 1.520651 0.00372 0.82 9.972E-09 0.00372 0.82 9.972E-09
MODAL Mode 2 1.502621 0.83607 0.0044 6.376E-07 0.83979 0.8244 6.475E-07
MODAL Mode 3 1.321077 0.00206 0.01467 3.431E-08 0.84184 0.83908 6.819E-07
MODAL Mode 4 0.51306 2.35E-07 0.00342 3.261E-07 0.84185 0.8425 1.008E-06
MODAL Mode 5 0.404853 0.00001963 0.00703 4.831E-07 0.84186 0.84953 1.491E-06
MODAL Mode 6 0.39304 0.00746 0.00001599 0.00003358 0.84933 0.84955 0.00003507
MODAL Mode 67 0.012489 0.00001133 0.00072 0.00058 0.98769 0.99104 0.90138

MODAL Mode 68 0.011918 0.00004821 0.00029 0.00097 0.98774 0.99133 0.90236
MODAL Mode 69 0.011396 0.00001479 0.00055 0.00016 0.98775 0.99187 0.90252
MODAL Mode 70 0.01101 0.00007117 0.00004731 0.00055 0.98783 0.99192 0.90307
MODAL Mode 71 0.009766 0.00035 0.00073 0.0000236 0.98818 0.99265 0.9031
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis. (UB – MCE)
MODAL Mode 1 1.664335 0.00268 0.83306 4.79E-09 0.00268 0.83306 4.79E-09
MODAL Mode 2 1.649563 0.83996 0.00301 4.32E-07 0.84263 0.83607 4.37E-07
MODAL Mode 3 1.420457 0.00159 0.00618 2.72E-08 0.84422 0.84225 4.64E-07
MODAL Mode 4 0.530193 2.54E-07 0.00238 3.57E-07 0.84422 0.84463 8.21E-07
MODAL Mode 5 0.409602 0.00001137 0.00477 4.57E-07 0.84423 0.8494 1.278E-06
MODAL Mode 6 0.397337 0.00499 0.00000955 0.00003452 0.84923 0.84941 0.0000358
MODAL Mode 66 0.01281 3.85E-07 0.00053 0.0006 0.98764 0.9916 0.90025

MODAL Mode 67 0.012563 0.0000182 0.00088 0.0012 0.98766 0.99248 0.90145
MODAL Mode 68 0.011899 0.00004062 0.00033 0.00091 0.9877 0.99282 0.90236
MODAL Mode 69 0.011388 6.987E-06 0.00088 0.0002 0.98771 0.99369 0.90256
MODAL Mode 70 0.011004 0.00007795 0.00001739 0.00053 0.98779 0.99371 0.90308
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Modal Response Spectrum Analysis.
– Comments on the Isolated Periods and Mass Verification.
• The following table shows the periods computed previously in the
Preliminary Analysis and the extracted from the Modeling process.
DE MCE DE MCE
Preliminary Analysis Teff (s) 1.72 1.88 1.41 1.57
T1 (s) 1.81 1.96 1.52 1.66
Modelling T2 (s) 1.79 1.95 1.50 1.65
T3 (s) 1.52 1.63 1.32 1.42
• Isolated translational modes (T1 and T2) vs Teff… Why the

difference?
– Influence of the translational natural modes of the building. Suggesting that the “Rigid Body” is, as expected, not that rigid.
– Influence of the base of the isolators which is not fixed but is an structural system with its own stiffness.
• Isolated rotational mode (T3) vs T1 and T2 … Why the difference?

– Strong Influence of the rotational natural mode of the building. Somehow expected because in the fixed-base structure, the
fundamental mode is rotational and is 40% bigger than translational fixed-base.
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Effective Damping and Reduced Spectra
– Once the analysis is done, the reduced spectra can be
build by applying the reduction due to the damping for
the isolated modes and keeping in 5% the damping for
the rest of the spectrum.
– LB - DE
ISOLATED MODES
1 1.81
2 1.79
3 1.52
DAMPING and REDUCTION FACTOR

β system 0.208
B 1.53
β < 30%, ASCE 7-10; 17.6.3.3
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– LB - MCE
ISOLATED MODES
1 1.96
2 1.95
3 1.63

β system 0.161
B 1.42
β < 30%, ASCE 7-10; 17.6.3.3
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE

– UB - DE
ISOLATED MODES
1 1.52
2 1.50
3 1.32

β system 0.223
B 1.57
β < 30%, ASCE 7-10; 17.6.3.3
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Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– UB – MCE
ISOLATED MODES
1 1.66
2 1.65
3 1.42

β system 0.180
B 1.47
β < 30%, ASCE 7-10; 17.6.3.3
• Note: These spectra are already affected by the damping provided by the isolator system. Therefore, the function
damping ratio and the modal damping specified in the program shall be zero!
CIE Damping
116
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Seismic Design Requirements
– For the dynamic analysis, the ASCE 7- Chapter 17,
specifies four criteria to be met:
1. Minimum Lateral Force – ASCE 7-10, 17.6.4.1 & 17.6.4.2
2. Minimum Displacement for the Isolation System – ASCE 7-
10, 17.6.4.1
3. Scaling Design Values of Combined Response – ASCE 7-10,
17.6.4.3
4. Checking Minimum Design Shear Stories – ASCE 7-10,
17.6.3.3 CIE Damping
117
Chapter 10 – 10
– Minimum Lateral Force.
• Design Displacement (DD) and MCE Displacement (DM) must
be computed according to 17.5.3.1 and 17.5.3.3
• Iterative process must be conducted and is shown
simultaneously forComputation
DD and D ofMDD and DM
Displacement - Initial Value Displacement - Initial Value

DD O (mm) 139 DM O (mm) 252
Effective Stiffness Effective Stiffness

K D MIN (kN/mm) 49 K M MIN (kN/mm) 40
Effective Period, eq) 17.5-2 Effective Period, eq) 17.5-4

TD (s) 1.73 TM (s) 1.90
CIE Damping
118
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Effective Damping Effective Damping
βDamper 0.000 βDamper 0.000
β Isol 0.207 β Isol 0.153
β system 0.207 β system 0.153
Damping Coefficient* Damping Coefficient*

BD. = (βsystem/0.05)^0.3 1.53 BM . = (βsystem/0.05)^0.3 1.40
BD. = 4/(1-ln βsystem) 1.55 BM . = 4/(1-ln βsystem) 1.39
*Two formulas are presented for comparison purposes only *Two formulas are presented for comparison purposes only
(ASCE 7-10; Table 17.5-1)

β D or β M (%) BD or BM.
<=2 0.8
5 1
10 1.2
20 1.5
30 1.7
40 1.9
> = 50 2
CIE Damping
119
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Ground Motion Info Ground Motion Info
SD1 (g) 0.497 SM1 (g) 0.746
Checking Assumption of DD. Checking Assumption of DD.

DD (mm) eq) 17.5-1 139 DM (mm) eq) 17.5-3 252
DD O (mm) 139 Ok DM O (mm) 252 Ok
CIE Damping
120
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Minimum Seismic Force for Isolation System and Below (Vb)
and Minimum Seismic Force for Elements Above (Vs) must be
computed according to 17.5.4.1 and 17.5.4.2
• Computation of Vb
Base Shear (VB) for Isolator and Structure Below - 17.5.4.1
V B MIN (kN) Eq. 17.5-7

DD (mm) 139
KD MAX (kN/mm) 66
VB eq. 17.5-7 (kN) 9195
CIE Damping
121
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Computation of Vs
Base Shear (VS) for Structure Above Isolator - 17.6.4.2
VS MIN Eq. 17.5-8

SMRF Table 12.2-1: A.2
Description: Spetial RC Shear Wall
R 5
Ωo 2.5
Cdi 1.9 ASCE 7-10; 17.6.4.4
SDC D
Max. Height (m) 48.0 Ok; h = 24.0m < 48.0m
Ri = 3/8 R 1.88 OK; 1.0 < Ri < 2.0
VS MIN (kN) 4904
CIE Damping
122
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
VS MIN 17.5.4.3
• Computation of Vs SDS (g) 0.999
SD1 (g) 0.497
TL (s) 8.0
Ie (Table 1.5-2) 1
CS eq) 12.8-2 0.20
TD (s) 1.73
CS UP LIMIT eq) 12.8-3 or- 4 0.058
CS MIN eq) 12.8-5 0.044
CS MIN S1 > 0.6g eq) 12.8-6 0.00
CS DEFINITE 0.058
V S MIN 1 (Cs) (kN) 2082
V S MIN 2 (Wind) (kN) 0
V S MIN 3 (Fully Active) (kN) 0
VS MIN (kN) 2082
VS eq. 17.5-8 (kN) 4904
CIE Damping
123
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• For the Isolation System and the structure below, the minimum
base shear can be reduced by 10% with respect to the static
analysis base shear.
• The latter is also applied to the elements above the isolation
system but the reduction is of 20% if the structure is regular and
10% if is irregular. Isolation and Structure Below
V B eq. 17.5-7 (kN) 9195
VB MIN (kN) 8276
Structure Above
Structure Above: REGULAR
V S eq. 17.5-8 (kN) 4904
CIE Damping
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter Reduction
The– ASCE
Seismic 7-10 Factor
Design
Isolation 0.80 for
Provisions
Systems
124
VS MIN (kN)
Seismically Isolated Buildings 3923
– Minimum Displacements.
• For the dynamic analysis, the total displacements can be affected by the ratio of the period of
the fixed-base structure (TFIXED) over the design period of isolated building (TD) as specified in
eqs. 17.6-1 and -2. Also reduction factor of 0.8 for DE displacement and 0.9 for MCE is
applicable. Min. Design Displacement Min. MCE Displacement
b (m) 18.68 b (m) 18.68
d (m) 19.16 d (m) 19.16
e max (m) 0.958 e max (m) 0.958
ymax (m) 9.58 ymax (m) 9.58
TD ISOL (s) 1.73 TM ISOL (s) 1.90
TFIXED (s) 0.52 TFIXED (s) 0.52
DD (mm) 139 DM (mm) 252
D'D (mm) 133 D'M (mm) 244
DTD (mm) 154 DTM (mm) 281
Reduction Factor 0.90 Reduction Factor 0.80
D TD MIN (mm) 139 D TM MIN (mm) 225
CIE Damping
125
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Scaling Design Values of Combined Response
• A scale factor (SF) is computed in order for the base shear to use in the MRSA be at least the
80% (for regular structures) of the base shear (VS) from eq. 17.5-8. i.e., the minimum base
shear (VS MIN)
LB – DE LB - MCE
VSPEC-D (kN) VS MIN (kN) SF VSPEC-D (kN) VS MIN (kN) SF
X DIRECTION 3466 3923 1.13 X DIRECTION 4888 3923 1.00
Y DIRECTION 3429 3923 1.14 Y DIRECTION 4853 3923 1.00
UB – DE UB - MCE
VSPEC-D (kN) VS MIN (kN) SF VSPEC-D (kN) VS MIN (kN) SF
X DIRECTION 4119 3923 1.00 X DIRECTION 5642 3923 1.00
Y DIRECTION 3995 3923 1.00 Y DIRECTION 5545 3923 1.00
CIE Damping
126
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
– Modification Factor (MF) due to story shear distribution
• The design shear force in each story must not be smaller than the story shear using the ELF
distribution and using as a base shear (Vs) the base shear that comes from the MRSA.
LB-DE
CIE Damping
127
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
LB –MCE
UB –DE
CIE Damping
128
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
UB –MCE
– Comments on Modal Spectral Analysis:

•No advantage except for the 20% reduction in the static design base shear.
•Nonlinear time-history analysis should be considered as an alternative.
CIE Damping
129
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Load Combinations
– Due to the different types of structural system that are
present in the project, multiple combinations are arranged
for different purposes:
COMBINATIONS
General Parameters
SDS 1.00
ρ 1.30
Ri 1.88
Cdi 1.88
Ωo 2.5
Ie 1.00
GROUPS
Service Loads Dead plus Live
Factored Loads Factored Loads
Displ, Forces and Tension ASCE 12.4.2.3 - Combinations 5 and 6 with ± 0.2SDS with ρ =1.0 and using Cdi for displacements
Design Upper System ASCE 12.4.2.3 - Combinations 5 and 6 using ρ
Design TSLAB Elements ASCE 12.4.2.3 - Combinations 5 and 6 using Ωo
Design Lower System ASCE 12.4.2.3 - Combinations 5 and 6 using ρ & Ri = 1.0
CIE Damping
130
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Load Combinations
– Due to the different types of structural system that are
present in the project, multiple combinations are arranged
for different purposes:
COMBINATIONS
D L Design SPECX Design SPECY What For:
D 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Service
D+L 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Service
1.4D 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ultimate Gravity Design Upper, Tslab and Lower
1.2D+ 1.6L 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 Ultimate Gravity Design Upper, Tslab and Lower
COMB1 1.40 1.0 1.88 0.56 Displ. and Max. Compression Force in Isolators
COMB2 1.40 1.0 0.56 1.88 Displ. and Max. Compression Force in Isolators
COMB3 0.70 0.0 1.88 0.56 Displ. and Max. Tension Force in Isolators
COMB4 0.70 0.0 0.56 1.88 Displ. and Max. Tension Force in Isolators
COMB5 1.40 1.0 1.30 0.4 Design Upper System
COMB9 1.40 1.0 2.50 0.8 Design TSLAB Elements
COMB13 1.40Supplemental
1.0 CIE Damping
6262.44
- Structural 0.7 Isolation
Control
and Seismic Design Lower System
COMB14 1.40 1.0 0.73 2.4 Design Lower System 131
COMB15
Chapter
0.70
10 – 10
Chapter
0.0
The– ASCE
Seismic
2.44
7-10 Design
Systems
0.7
for
Design Lower System
COMB16 0.70 0.0Seismically
0.7 Isolated Buildings
2.4 Design Lower System
 Load Combinations
 Combinations for the calculations of the displacements and
compression/tension forces on the isolators.
 QEX and QEY are the effects of the design seismic forces in the X
and Y directions, respectively.
CIE Damping
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Combinations for the calculations of the structural
elements above the isolators.
 QEX and QEY are the effects of the design seismic forces
in the X and Y directions, respectively.
CIE Damping
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Combinations for the calculations of the elements of
the transition slab.
 QEX and QEY are the effects of the design seismic forces
in the X and Y directions, respectively.
CIE Damping
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
 Combinations for the calculations of the structural
elements below the isolators.
 QEX ou QEY est l'effet des forces sismiques de calcula

dans les directions X et Y, respectivement.
CIE Damping
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Displacements and Tension Forces in Isolators
• Isolation Level Displacements
– Following are presented the min. and max. values of total
displacement throughout the 28 isolators. The total
displacement is computed as the SRSS of the X and Y
displacements for each isolator, for each type of analysis
(LB, UB – DE, MCE) and for the appropriate
combinations. LB-DE
δ T MIN (m)
COMB 1
0.186
COMB 2
0.200
δ T MAX (m) 0.204 0.208
LB-MCE COMB 1 COMB 2

δ T MIN (m) 0.230 0.237
δ T MAX (m) 0.252 0.241
UB-DE COMB 1 COMB 2

δ T MIN (m) 0.114 0.110
δ T MAX (m) 0.126 0.126
UB-MCE COMB 1 COMB 2

δ T MIN (m) 0.188 0.187
δ T MAX (m) 0.207 0.203
SupplementalCIE Damping
626 - Structural Control
136ones
As expected, the displacements for UB are smaller than the ones from LB analysis given that the latter
Chapter
have the lowest isolator 10 – 10
Chapter
stiffness. The– ASCE
• Isolation Level Torsional Irregularity Factor
– The same concept applied for the non-isolated buildings,
is applied it here in order to detect whether excessive
rotation is occurring at the isolation level.
COMPUTATION OF ISOLATION LEVEL TORSIONAL IRREGULARITIES
δX1
δY2
δY1
Torsional Irregularity if
Extreme Torsional Irregularity if
δX2
CIE Damping
Supplemental 626 - Structural Isolation∆ MAX T =
Control
and Seismic
137
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Isolation Provisions∆ for =
MAX E
LOWER BOUND - DE
COMB δ X1 (m) δ X2 (m) ∆ 1 (m) ∆ MAX T (m) ∆ MAX E (m) OBSERV δ MAX (m) δ PROM (m) AX
COMB1 0.174 0.188 0.1879 0.2170 0.2532 OK NA NA 1.00
COMB δ Y1 (m) δ Y2 (m) ∆ 1 (m) ∆ MAX T (m) ∆ MAX E (m) OBSERV δ MAX (m) δ PROM (m) AX
COMB2 0.196 0.189 0.1955 0.2309 0.2694 OK NA NA 1.00
LOWER BOUND - MCE
COMB1 0.218 0.235 0.2350 0.2718 0.3171 OK NA NA 1.00
COMB2 0.226 0.196 0.2262 0.2533 0.2955 OK NA NA 1.00

CIE Damping
138
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
UPPER BOUND - DE
COMB1 0.107 0.116 0.1165 0.1341 0.1564 OK NA NA 1.00
COMB2 0.115 0.101 0.1146 0.1296 0.1512 OK NA NA 1.00
UPPER BOUND - MCE
COMB1 0.177 0.193 0.1925 0.2216 0.2585 OK NA NA 1.00
COMB2 0.188 0.175 0.1876 0.2175 0.2537 OK NA NA 1.00

CIE Damping
139
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Tension forces in isolators
– The type of isolators used in this project are bolted
isolators. Therefore, tension forces could be developed.
Ref. 4 provides a recommendation in which the
maximum tension force must be limited to the cavitation
force which is equal to PCAV = 3GeffA.
COMPUTATION OF TENSION REACTIONS
PCAV (kN)
LB 485
UB 656
T MAX (kN)
OBSERV
COMB3 COMB4
LB - DE 219 310 OK
CIE
Supplemental 626
LB - MCE Damping -
and Seismic
298 OK
Isolation
140
Chapter -10
DE– 10
Chapter
UB The– ASCE
196 7-10
Seismic Design
Isolation OK for
Provisions
199 Systems
UB - MCE Seismically Buildings OK
322 Isolated414
Assessment of Adequacy of Isolators
• General Procedure
– As the final step before designing the elements of the
building, the adequacy of the lead-rubber bearings must be
checked. For this, three general steps must be followed:
• Geometric and Material Properties. The properties established in the
preliminary design are about to become the final design, therefore
another parameters such as, rubber layers, shims layers and end plates
must be included.
• Maximum Vertical Loads on Isolators. From the MRSA, the
information of the forces, displacements and rotations are gathered.
The displacements to be used must be bigger than the DTMIN
computed previously.
• Strain, buckling and shims thickness checking. These
revisions must be done for three different state of loads, i.e., Factored
Vertical Load, LB-DE and LB-MCE. UB is not necessary because
the max. displacements occur for LB.
CIE Damping
141
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Geometric and Material Properties
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Do (mm) 600 DYNAMIC
NOMINAL STATIC
Tr (mm) 160 Lower Bound
Di (mm) 120 Geff (MPa) 0.7 0.56 0.595
tr (mm) 8.00 K (MPa) 2000 2000 2000
Rubber Layers 20.0 GLEAD (MPa) 150 120 128
Shims 19.0 τpy (MPa) 10.0 8.0 8.5
t shims (mm) 4.76 (3/16") HYSTERESIS LOOP INFO
Fy shims (MPa) 420 Qd (kN) 113.10
End Plates (mm) 50 (2 x 1") Kd (kN/mm) 1.237
Y (mm) 25
h ISOL (mm) 250 Fy (kN) 126.3
h ISOL+PLATES (mm) 300 VERTICAL STIFFNESS
S 18.00 KVγ (kN/m) 2308543
KVV (kN/m) 3392920
KVERTICAL (kN/m) 1373806
– For the vertical factored load (Static) it is recommended to use 80% of the nominal values.
– Hysteresis loop info and vertical stiffness for the nominal values are presented in order to be compared with
the data from the fabricator. CIE 626 - Structural Control
Supplemental Damping and Seismic Isolation
142
Chapter 10 – 10
• Maximum Loads and Displacements
– From the MRSA, the loads and displacements are:
Type P (kN) D (mm) θ (rad)
Factored Vertical 3350 0 0.01
LB - DE 4190 208 0.01
LB - MCE 4210 252 0.01
CIE Damping
143
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Service Loads Checking
– Initial Data
P (kN) D (mm) θ (rad) δ. Ao Ar Ar / Ao
3350 0 0.01 3.14 271434 271434 1.000
– Strain Checking
COMPRESSION Lat. Displ. ROTATION OBSERV.
K/G S f1 (T 5-1) γuC-S OBSERV. γuS-S K/G S f2 (T 5-8) γur-S Σ γuC-S + γuS-S+ γur-S
3571 18.0 1.17 1.43 < 3.5; OK! 0.00 3571 18.0 0.32 0.900 2.33 < 6.0; OK!
– Buckling Checking
Factor Pcr (kN) P'cr (kN) Pu (kN) P'cr / Pu OBSERV.
0.738 9128 9128 3350 2.72 > 2.0; OK
– Minimum Thickness of Shims

α. ts MIN 1 (mm) ts MIN 2 (mm) ts MIN (mm) ts (mm) OBSERV.
1.65 0.38 1.9 1.90 4.76 > ts min; OK
CIE Damping
144
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• DE Checking
– Initial Data
4190 208 0.01 2.43 271434 154071 0.568
– Strain Checking
K/G S f1 (T 5-1) γuC OBSERV. γuS K/G S f2 (T 5-8) γur Σ γuC + γuS+ γur
3361 18.0 1.18 3.00 < 3.5; OK! 1.30 3361 18.0 0.32 0.900 5.20 < 7.0
< 6.0;OK!
OK!

1.65 0.90 1.9 1.90 4.76 > ts min; OK
Note: No buckling check required for DE.

CIE Damping
145
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• MCE Checking
– Initial Data
4210 252 0.01 2.27 271434 130670 0.481
– Strain Checking
K/G S f1 (T 5-1) γuC OBSERV. γuS K/G S f2 (T 5-8) γur Σ γuC + γuS+ γur
3361 18.0 1.18 3.55 NA 1.58 3361 18.0 0.32 0.900 6.02 < 9.0; OK!
– Buckling Checking
Factor Pcr (kN) P'cr (kN) Pu (kN) P'cr / Pu OBSERV.
0.738 9698 4669 4210 1.11 > 1.1; OK

1.65 1.09 1.9 1.90 4.76 > ts min; OK
CIE Damping
146
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Drifts and Acceleration Results
• Drifts
– ASCE 7-10, 17.6.4.4 requires that for MRSA, the maximum drift shall not be higher than 1.5% the height
of the floor.
– Results of drifts from previous analysis done for the building without isolators are shown.
CIE Damping
147
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Drifts and Acceleration Results
• Accelerations
– There is not a clear specification on the limits for the acceleration. The limits are highly dependent on the
type of non-structural component within the building.
– Results of drifts from previous analysis done for the building without isolators are shown.
CIE Damping
148
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Design Forces in Selected Walls
• Selected Walls
CIE Damping
149
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Results of Walls in X Direction
TABLE: Section Cut Forces - ORIGINAL ISOLATED - Upper Bound
SectionCut OutputCase P VX MX P VX MX
Text Text KN KN KN-m KN KN KN-m
MX1A DESIGNSPECX -1551 -698 -1278 -420 -183 -356
MX1A 1.4D -1054 2.0 97.8 -947 222.5 450.7
MX1A 1.2D + 1.6L -1147 4.5 109.4 -1041 238.3 484.2
MX1A COMB5 -2098 -369 -583 -1401 2 48
MX1A COMB6 -2359 -356 -580 -1400 -161 -209
MX1A COMB7 -1540 -372 -637 -920 -107 -174
MX1A COMB8 -1801 -359 -634 -919 -270 -431
MX3A DESIGNSPECX -3492 -506 -15963 -776 -180 -5103

MX3A 1.4D -2114 -249.4 27.2 -2341 -707.3 -1361.5
MX3A 1.2D + 1.6L -2243 -273.6 -0.5 -2486 -789.8 -1577.7
MX3A COMB5 -4766 -591 -7414 -3741 -960 -5393
MX3A COMB6 -6194 -696 -4549 -5065 -1021 -3699
MX3A COMB7 -3682 -458 -7410 -2605 -592 -4650
MX3A COMB8 -5110 -562 -4545 -3929 -654 -2956
CIE Damping
150
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Results of Walls in Y Direction
TABLE: Section Cut Forces ORIGINAL ISOLATED - Upper Bound
SectionCut OutputCase P VY MY P VY MY
Text Text KN KN KN-m KN KN KN-m
MY1A DESIGNSPECY -2333 -1210 20881 -487 -203 7288
MY1A 1.4D -2006 -1111.4 -3689.7 -2180 -767.8 -2415.6
MY1A 1.2D + 1.6L -2152 -1195.9 -3985.5 -2356 -834.7 -2636.2
MY1A COMB5 -4057 -1893 37 -3353 -1090 -390
MY1A COMB6 -3616 -1867 5140 -2943 -1032 2661
MY1A COMB7 -3013 -1312 1974 -2270 -705 826
MY1A COMB8 -2571 -1286 7077 -1860 -647 3878
MY1B DESIGNSPECY -2541 -1274 27988 -746 -80 2136

MY1B 1.4D -2292 1221.7 3974.5 -2691 432.8 1135.6
MY1B 1.2D + 1.6L -2461 1301.8 4238.9 -2899 456.8 1194.4
MY1B COMB5 -4572 419 9507 -4050 162 2727
MY1B COMB6 -4066 560 16460 -3694 317 3000
MY1B COMB7 -3378 -211 7453 -2719 -46 2183
MY1B COMB8 -2871 -70 14407 -2363 109 2456
CIE Damping
151
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
• Comments on the results (For this Project)
– Three groups were shown, why?
• DesignSpec: In order to see the difference from the spectrum analysis only
without vertical loads and directional effects. In this one, it can be seen that
isolating the building gives a reduction of 75% (avg) of the forces.
• 1.4D and 1.2D+1.6L: This combination is shown in order to realize that the
fact of having isolators makes that the upper system is supported in “point
supports” instead of the continuous walls like in the original building. This
means that the vertical displacement of the slab above the isolators, plays a
significant role in the moments of the walls, and shall not be discarded when
designing isolated buildings.
• COMBS 5 to 8: This is the final combination to design. In general, it can

be seen that the reduction in design forces due to the isolation system is
about 40%.
CIE Damping
152
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE
Questions/Discussions
CIE Damping
153
Chapter 10 – 10
Chapter The– ASCE

ASCE 7-10 Design Provisions for Seismically Isolated Buildings

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ASCE 7-10 Design Provisions for Seismically Isolated Buildings

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Chapter 10

The ASCE 7-10 Design Provisions for

Determine the minimum lateral siffness of isolators , kDmin, at displacement DD.

Calculate effective isolated period, TD, at displacement DD:

Calculate equivalent viscous damping, ζ, and the reduction factor BD.

Calculate an updated design displacement, DD∗ :

No ?and Seismic Yes Preliminary design

ASCE 7-10 standard specifications

• Vertical distribution of inertia forces:

Hydrostatic slide bearing- Stabilizing hydrostatic slide bearing-

High Bay Portion Low Bay Portion

Prestressing System Piping

Longitudinal Section View of Test

Cross Section View

Post-tensioned Horizontal forces (red) are reacted

Accumulator Building and Control Room

DIS LR Bearing, 400% strain

Design of a 4-story seismically isolated

testing. 2.51 kN/mm

system: 1.10 kN/mm

 Provide a supplemental damping 2.84 kN/mm

ratio of 9.4% of critical. 2.37 kN/mm

 Equivalent viscous damping ratio and damping

k D min = 20k D min Type 1 + 34k D min Type 2

Determine the minimum lateral siffness of isolators , kDmin, at displacement DD.

Calculate effective isolated period, TD, at displacement DD:

Calculate equivalent viscous damping, ζ, and the reduction factor BD.

Calculate an updated design displacement, DD∗ :

No ? Yes Preliminary design

 Equivalent viscous damping ratio and damping

k M min = 20k M min Type 1 + 34k M min Type 2

Determine minimum effective stiffness of the bearings, kMmin, at a displacement DM.

Calculate the effective isolated period, TM, at a displacement DM:

Calculate an updated maximum displacement, DM∗ :

No ? Yes Preliminary design

Vb = (76.39 kN/mm)(311.6 mm ) = 23.80 MN

 Minimum design force over the isolation plane:

II. The lateral force required to activate the isolation

III. The design wind load

Ta = 0.0488 hn0 .75 = 0.0488(19.52 m ) = 0.45 s

3Ta = 3(0.45 s ) = 1.35 s < TD = 2.59 s

 The structure is regular: by assumption

0.77 kN/mm 1.10 kN/mm

2.51 kN/mm 2.84 kN/mm

2.09 kN/mm 2.37 kN/mm

0.2 DD = 0.2(311.6 mm ) = 62.32 mm 0.2 DD = 0.2(311.6 mm ) = 62.32 mm

FD ≥ F0.5 D + 0.025W 0.77 kN/mm

Bearings Type 2 : F0 .5 D = 20(258.81 kN ) + 34(331.82 kN ) = 16.46 MN

FDTD = 2.84 kN/mm (50 mm ) + 1.31 kN/mm (389.8 mm − 50 mm ) = 587.14 kN

 Same conclusion if minimum stiffness values are used.

– Residential Floors (Upper System)

– Basement Floors (Lower System)

– However, there are issues to be aware of:

• SW Upper Level: 28470kN

• SW Lower Level: 7900 kN

• For this particular case, the external dead loads are:

Upper Level: 2.0 kN/m2 x (340 m2 x 10 + 430 m2 x 1 ) = 7660 kN

• For this case in particular the live loads are:

–For seismically isolated buildings, Table 1.5-2 DOES NOT

SMS=FaSs = 1.0x1.498 =1.498

SM1=FvS1 = 1.3x0.574 = 0.746

SDS=2/3SMS = 0.67x1.498 = 0.999