Area and Perimeter

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Perimeter:

The length of the boundary of a closed figure is called the perimeter of the plane
figure. The units of perimeter are same as that of length, i.e., m, cm, mm, etc.

Area:

A part of the plane enclosed by a simple closed figure is called a plane region and
the measurement of plane region enclosed is called its area.

Area is measured in square units.

The units of area and the relation between them is given below:
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The different geometrical shapes formula of area and perimeter with examples are
discussed below:

Perimeter and Area of Rectangle:

● The perimeter of rectangle = 2(l + b).

● Area of rectangle = l × b; (l and b are the length and breadth of rectangle)

● Diagonal of rectangle = √(l² + b²)

Perimeter and Area of the Square:

● Perimeter of square = 4 × S.

● Area of square = S × S.

● Diagonal of square = S√2; (S is the side of square)

Perimeter and Area of the Triangle:

● Perimeter of triangle = (a + b + c); (a, b, c are 3 sides of a triangle)

● Area of triangle = √(s(s - a) (s - b) (s - c)); (s is the semi-perimeter of triangle)

● S = 1/2 (a + b + c)

● Area of triangle = 1/2 × b × h; (b base , h height)

● Area of an equilateral triangle = (a²√3)/4; (a is the side of triangle)

Perimeter and Area of the Parallelogram:

● Perimeter of parallelogram = 2 (sum of adjacent sides)

● Area of parallelogram = base × height

Perimeter and Area of the Rhombus:

● Area of rhombus = base × height

● Area of rhombus = 1/2 × length of one diagonal × length of other diagonal

● Perimeter of rhombus = 4 × side

Perimeter and Area of the Trapezium:

● Area of trapezium = 1/2 (sum of parallel sides) × (perpendicular distance

between them)
= 1/2 (p₁ + p₂) × h (p₁, p₂ are 2 parallel sides)

Circumference and Area of Circle:

● Circumference of circle = 2πr

= πd
Where, π = 3.14 or π = 22/7
r is the radius of circle
d is the diameter of circle
● Area of circle = πr²

● Area of ring = Area of outer circle - Area of inner circle.

Perimeter and Area of Rectangle

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The formula of perimeter and area of rectangle are explained step-by-step with
solved examples.
If l denotes the length and b denotes the breadth of the rectangle, then the

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● Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(l + b) units

● Length of the rectangle = P2P2 - b units

● Breadth of the rectangle = P2P2 - l units

● Area of the rectangle = l × b sq. units.

● Length of the rectangle = AbAb units .

● Breadth of the rectangle = AlAl units
● Diagonal of the rectangle = l2+b2−−−−−√l2+b2 units

Let us consider a rectangle of length 'a' units and breadth 'b' units.

Therefore, perimeter of the rectangle ABCD

= (AB + BC + CD + DA) units

= (a + b + a + b) units

= (2a + 2b) units

= 2 (a + b) units

Therefore, perimeter of the rectangle = 2 (length + breadth) units

We know that the area of the rectangle is given by

Area = length × breadth

A = a × b square units

⇒ a = AbAb, i.e., length of the rectangle = AreabreadthAreabreadth

And b = AaAa, i.e., breadth of the rectangle = ArealengthArealength

Worked-out problems on Perimeter and Area of Rectangle:

1. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle of length 17 cm and breadth 13
cm.

Solution:

Given: length = 17 cm, breadth = 13 cm

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (length + breadth)

= 2 (17 + 13) cm

= 2 × 30 cm

= 60 cm

We know that the area of rectangle = length × breadth

= (17 × 13) cm22

= 221 cm22

2. Find the breadth of the rectangular plot of land whose area is 660 m2 and
whose length is 33 m. Find its perimeter.

Solution:

We know that the breadth of the rectangular plot = ArealengthArealength

= 660m233m660m233m

= 20 m

Therefore, the perimeter of the rectangular plot = 2 (length + breadth)

= 2(33 + 20) m

= 2 × 53 m

= 106 m

3. Find the area of the rectangle if its perimeter is 48 cm and its breadth is 6 cm.

Solution:
P = 2 (l + b)

Here, P = 48 cm; b = 6 cm

Therefore, 48 = 2 (l + 6)

⇒ 482482 = l + 6

⇒ 24 = l + 6

⇒ 24 - 6 = l

⇒ 18 = l

Therefore, length = 18 cm

Now, area of rectangle = l × b = 18 × 6 cm22 = 108 cm22

4. Find the breadth and perimeter of the rectangle if its area is 96 cm 22

and the length is 12 cm.

Solution:

Given, A = 96 cm22 and l = 12 cm

A=l×b

Therefore, 96 = 12 × b

⇒ 96129612 = b

⇒ b = 8 cm

Now, P = 2 (l + b)

= 2 (12 + 8)

= 2 × 20

= 40 cm

5. The length and breadth of a rectangular courtyard is 75 m and 32 m. Find the

cost of leveling it at the rate of $3 per m2. Also, find the distance covered by a boy
to take 4 rounds of the courtyard.

Solution:

Length of the courtyard = 75 m

Breadth of the courtyard = 32 m

Perimeter of the courtyard = 2 (75 + 32) m

= 2 × 107 m

= 214 m

Distance covered by the boy in taking 4 rounds = 4 × perimeter of courtyard

= 4 × 214

= 856 m

We know that area of the courtyard = length × breadth

= 75 × 32 m22
= 2400 m22
For 1 m22, the cost of levelling = $3
For 2400 m22, the cost of levelling = $3 × 2400

= $7200

Solved examples on Perimeter and Area of Rectangle:

6. A floor of the room 8 m long and 6 m wide is to be covered by square tiles. If

each square tile is 0.8 m, find the number of tiles required to cover the floor. Also,
find the cost of tiling at the rate of $7 per tile.

Solution:

Length of the room = 8 m

Breadth of the room = 6 m

Area of the room = 8 × 6 m22 {Area of room = Area of tiles that are put on the
floor of the room.}
= 48 m22
Area of one square tile = 0.8 × 0.8 m22 = 0.64 m22
Number of tiles required = AreaoffloorAreaoftilesAreaoffloorAreaoftiles
= 480.64480.64
= 48×1006448×10064
 = 75 tiles

For 1 tile, the cost of tiling is $7

For 7 tiles, the cost of tiling is $(7 × 75) = $525

7. The breadth of the rectangle is 8 cm and A its diagonal is 17 cm. Find the area
of the rectangle and its perimeter.

Solution:

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Using Pythagoras theorem,

BD22 = DC22 + BC22

⇒ 172 = DC22 + 822
⇒ 289 - 64 = DC22
⇒ 225 = DC22

⇒ 15 = DC

Therefore, length of rectangle = 15 cm

So, area of rectangle = l × b

= 15 × 8 cm22
= 120 cm22

Also, perimeter of rectangle = 2 (15 + 8) cm

= 2 × 23 cm

= 46 cm

8. The length and breadth of the rectangle park are in the ratio 5 : 4 and its area
is 2420 m2, find the cost of fencing the park at the rate of $10 per metre.

Solution:
Let the common ratio b x,

then length of rectangular park = 5x

Breadth of rectangular park = 4x

Area of rectangular park = 5x × 4x

= 20x22

According to the question,

20x22 = 2420
⇒ x22 = 242020242020
⇒ x22 = 121

⇒ x = 11

Therefore, 5x = 5 × 11 = 55 and 4x = 4 × 11 = 44

So, the perimeter of the rectangular park = 2 (l + b)

= 2 (55 + 44)

= 2 × 99

= 198 cm

For 1 m, the cost of fencing = $10

For 198 m, the cost of fencing = $198 × 10

= $1980

9. How many envelopes can be made out of a sheet of paper 100 cm by 75 cm,
supposing 1 envelope requires 20 cm by 5 cm piece of paper?

Solution:

Area of the sheet = 100 × 75 cm22 = 7500 cm22

Area of envelope = 20 × 5 cm = 100 cm22
Number of envelopes that can be made
= AreaofsheetAreaofenvelopeAreaofsheetAreaofenvelope
= 75001007500100

= 75 envelopes
10. A wire in the shape of rectangle of length 25 cm and breadth 17 cm is rebent
to form a square. What will be the measure of each side?

Solution:

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (25 + 17) cm

= 2 × 42

= 84 cm

Perimeter of square of side x cm = 4x

Therefore, perimeter of rectangle = Perimeter of Square

84 cm = 4x

⇒ x = 21

Therefore, each side of square = 21 cm

These are the detailed step-by-step explanation with the formula of perimeter and
area of rectangle.

Perimeter and Area of Square

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The formula of perimeter and area of square are explained step-by-step with
solved examples.

If 'a' denotes the side of the square, then, length of each side of a square is 'a'
units

Perimeter of square = AB + BC + CD + DA

= (a + a + a + a) units

= 4a units

● Perimeter of the square = 4a units

We know that the area of the square is given by

Area = side × side

A = a × a sq. units

Therefore, A = a² square units

Therefore, a² = A Here, a is the side of the square.

Therefore, a² = √A

Therefore, side of the square = √Area

● Side of the square = P/4 units

● Area of the square = a × a = (P/4)² sq. units

● Area of square = 1/2 × (diagonal)² sq. units

● Length of the diagonal = √(a² + a²) = √(2a²^2) = a√2 units

Worked-out examples on Perimeter and Area of the Square:

1. Find the perimeter and area of a square of side 11 cm.

Solution:

We know that the perimeter of square = 4 × side

Side= 11 cm

Therefore, perimeter = 4 × 11 cm = 44 cm

Now, area of the square = (side × side) sq. units

= 11 × 11 cm²

= 121 cm²

2. The perimeter of a square is 52 m. Find the area of the square.

Solution:

Perimeter of square = 52 m

But perimeter of square = 4 × side

Therefore, 4 × side = 52 m

Therefore, side= 52/4 m = 13m

Now, the area of the square = (side × side)

Therefore, area of the square = 13 × 13 m² = 169 m².

3. The area of a square is 144 m². Find its perimeter.

Solution:

Area of square = side × side

Given; area of square = 144 m²

Therefore, side² = 144 m²

Therefore, side = √(144 m²) = √(2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3) m² = 2 × 2 × 3 m = 12

m

Now, the perimeter of the square = 4 x side = 4 × 12 m = 48 m

4. The length of the diagonal of a square is 12 cm. Find its area and perimeter.

Solution:

Diagonal of a square = 12 cm

Area of square = 1/2 (d)²

= 1/2 (12)²

= 1/2 × 12 × 12

= 72

Side of a square = √Area

= √72

= √(2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3)
 = 2 × 3√2

= 6 × 1.41

= 8.46 cm

Perimeter of square = 4 × 8.46 = 33.84 cm

5. The perimeter of a square courtyard is 144 m. Find the cost of cementing it at

the rate of $5 per m².

Solution:

Perimeter of square courtyard = 144 m

Therefore, side of the square courtyard = 144/4 = 36 m

Therefore, area of square courtyard = 36 × 36 m² = 1296 m²

For 1 m², the cost of cementing = $5

For 1296 m², the cost of cementing = $1296 × 5 = $6480

The above solved examples are explained how to solve perimeter and area of
square with the detailed explanation.

` Area of the Path

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Here we will discuss about area of the path. It is observed that in square or
rectangular gardens, parks, etc., some space in the form of path is left inside or
outside or in between as cross paths. We will apply this concept for the areas of
rectangle and square to determine the areas of different paths.

Worked-out examples on Area of the Path:

1. A rectangular lawn of length 50 m and breadth 35 m is to be surrounded

externally by a path which is 2 m wide. Find the cost of turfing the path at the rate
of $3 per m².
Solution:

Length of the lawn = 50 m

Breadth of the lawn = 35 m

Area of the lawn = (50 × 35) m²

= 1750 m²

Length of lawn including the path = [50 + (2 + 2)] m = 54 cm

Breadth of the lawn including the path = [35 + (2 + 2)] m = 39 m

Area of the lawn including the path = 54 × 39 m² = 2106 m²

Therefore, area of the path = (2106 - 1750) m² = 356 m²

For 1 m², the cost of turfing the path = $ 3

For 356 m², the cost of turfing the path = $3 × 356 = $1068

2. A painting is painted on a cardboard 19 cm and 14 cm wide, such that there is a

margin of 1.5 cm along each of its sides. Find the total area of the margin.

Solution:

Length of the cardboard = 19 cm

Breadth of the cardboard = 14 cm

Area of the cardboard = 19 × 14 cm² = 266 cm²

Length of the painting excluding the margin = [19 - (1.5 + 1.5)] cm = 16 cm

Breadth of the painting excluding the margin = 14 - (1.5 + 1.5) = 11 cm

Area of the painting excluding the margin = (16 × 11) cm² = 176 cm²

Therefore, area of the margin = (266 - 176) cm² = 90 cm²

3. A square flowerbed is surrounded by a path 10 cm wide around it. If the area of

the path is 2000 cm², find the area of the square flower-bed.

Solution:

In the adjoining figure,

ABCD is the square flowerbed.

EFGH is the outer boundary of the path.

Let each side of the flowerbed = x cm

Then, the area of the square flowerbed ABCD (x × x) cm² = x² cm²

Now, the side of the square EFGH = (x + 10 + 10) cm = (x + 20) cm

So, the area of square EFGH = (x + 20) (x + 20) cm² = (x + 20)² cm²

Therefore, area of the path = Area of EFGH - Area of ABCD

= [(x + 20)² - x²] cm²

= [x² + 400 + 40x - x²] cm² = (40x + 400) cm²

But the area of path given = 2000 cm²

Therefore, 40x + 400 = 2000

⟹ 40x = 2000 - 400

⟹ 40x = 1600

⟹ x = 1600/40 = 40

Therefore, side of square flowerbed =40 cm

Therefore, the area of the square flowerbed = 40 × 40 cm² = 1600 cm²

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● Mensuration

Area and Perimeter

Perimeter and Area of Rectangle

Perimeter and Area of Square

Area of the Path

Area and Perimeter of the Triangle

Area and Perimeter of the Parallelogram

Area and Perimeter of Rhombus

Area of Trapezium

Circumference and Area of Circle

Units of Area Conversion

Practice Test on Area and Perimeter of Rectangle

Practice Test on Area and Perimeter of Square

● Mensuration - Worksheets

Worksheet on Area and Perimeter of Rectangles

Worksheet on Area and Perimeter of Squares

Worksheet on Area of the Path

Worksheet on Circumference and Area of Circle

Worksheet on Area and Perimeter of Triangle

Perimeter of shapes

The perimeter of a figure is the distance around the outside of the

figure. This is true whether the figure is a familiar figure like a rectangle
or triangle, or if it is a complex figure like the floorplan of a house.

To find the perimeter of this figure, you need to add the lengths of all 6 sides.

Perimeter = 5 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 16 units

Since a rectangle has four sides with opposite sides being congruent, the formula for finding the perimeter
is Side A + Side B + Side A + Side B. This could also be stated as \mbox{2•Side A + 2•Side
B} or \mbox{2•(Side A + Side B)}

To find the perimeter of a 4-by-6 Perimeter = Side A + Side B + Side C + Side D

rectangle you need to add the lengths
of the four sides of the rectangle. Perimeter = base + height + base + height

Perimeter = 6 + 4 + 6 + 4

Perimeter = 20 units

What is the perimeter of this rectangle? Perimeter = Side A + Side B + Side C + Side D

Perimeter = base + height + base + height

Perimeter = 3 + 6 + 3 + 6
 Perimeter = 18 units

Self-Check

[show answer]
Question 1

Find the perimeter of this figure.

[show answer]
Question 2
Find the perimeter of this figure.

[
Question 3

Find the perimeter of this figure.