NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS

College of Science
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City

Course PHYSICS 73 (ELEMENTARY PHYSICS III)

Credit Units 4 units

Course Description Fundamentals of thermodynamics, relativity, quantum mechanics, and elementary particles

Prereq, Coreq Physics 72, Math 54

UNIVERSITY PHYSICS, 11th Edition by Young and Freedman

PHYSICS for Scientist and Engineers, 4th Edition by Paul Tipler
References PHYSICS, 5th Edition by David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Kenneth Krane.
CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS, 8th Edition by Paul Hewitt
NONCLASSICAL PHYSICS: Beyond Newton’s View by Randy Harris

The course aims to develop the students’ physical intuition and ability to systematically solve a wide variety of
Course Goal
problems on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, relativity, quantum mechanics, and elementary particles.

3 Long Examinations 60 %
Course Final Examination 20 %
Requirements Recitation Grade 10 %
Lecture Grade (i.e. Attendance/Quiz) 10 %

Name:
Faculty Room:
Teacher
Consultation Schedule:
Email:

UVLE Website http://uvle.upd.edu.ph (browse through the Physics 73 group)

COURSE POLICIES:
Grading System
1. The three (3) long exams and the final exam are all departmental and to be taken at the
scheduled date and time. There is NO exemption in the final exam. grade(%) ≥ 90.00 1.0
2. You should have an ID before the first long exam. Physics 73 maintains a NO ID NO 90.00 > grade(%) ≥ 85.00 1.25
EXAM policy. 85.00 > grade(%) ≥ 80.00 1.5
3. In case of one (1) missed long exam for a valid reason, the score that the student got for the
80.00 > grade(%) ≥ 75.00 1.75
final exam will be used as the score for the missed long exam. (Submit your medical
certificate on the following class meeting.) 75.00 > grade(%) ≥ 70.00 2.0
4. There is NO makeup for the final exam. A student who misses the final exam will be given a 70.00 > grade(%) ≥ 65.00 2.25
grade of incomplete (INC) provided that (a) the student missed the exam due to a valid 65.00 > grade(%) ≥ 60.00 2.5
reason, and (b) the student’s class standing excluding the final exam is passing (i.e, pre-final 60.00 > grade(%) ≥ 55.00 2.75
grade is 40% or better). If the student gets lower than 40%, automatically he/she gets a grade 55.00 > grade(%) ≥ 50.00 3.0
of “5.0” [1]. Completion period is within one year. For completion, the student has to take the 50.00 > grade(%) ≥ 45.00 4.0
final exam the next semester. Completion grade will be computed based on the class record 45.00 > grade(%) 5.0
for the enrolled term and the final exam score. This means that a numerical grade of 1.0 to
5.0 is possible.
5. A grade of 4.0 means conditional and that you will have to take the removal exam within a year.
6. As per university rule, a student’s absences should not exceed 12 meetings (recitation class included). If violated, the instructor will give
a zero lecture grade (i.e. zero out of 10%).
7. There is NO FORCED DROP. The lecturer will only give the student a grade of DRP upon receiving the processed dropping or Leave of
Absence (LOA) form. Otherwise, a grade of 5.0 is given.
8. The deadline for dropping is on September 6, 2007 (Thursday) and for filing LOA is on September 20, 2007 (Thursday). A student
granted an LOA will only be given a grade of either DRP or 5.0. A grade of 5.0 is given if the LOA is granted after ¾ of the semester
has lapsed and the student's class standing is failing; otherwise a grade of DRP is given.
9. Cheating is punishable by expulsion from the University.
COURSE COVERAGE

CHAPTER 17: TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

Approx Objectives
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to: Topics

ƒ Describe how temperature as a physical quantity is measured.

ƒ Explain what is thermal equilibrium and how it is determined physically. Zeroth Law of
Thermodynamics
1 hour ƒ Illustrate how the zeroth law is used to define temperature and design temperature scales.
ƒ Relate thermometric property with a temperature scales as well as the limitations of various Temperature
scales. Measurement
ƒ Mathematically and physically describe the relationship of various scales.

ƒ Describe a simple model for the linear and bulk expansion of objects upon absorption of heat.
1 hour Thermal Expansion
ƒ Calculate for the expansion of solids due to changes in temperature.

Heat and Heat Capacity

ƒ Mathematically and physically describe what heat capacity is.
1 hour
ƒ Solve for heat required/released for a system to change from one state to the other. Calorimetry

ƒ Enumerate and differentiate the three ways thermal energy may be transferred.
Mechanisms of Heat
1 hour ƒ Describe emissivity and blackbodies.
Transfer
ƒ Solve for heat current in conduction and radiation.

CHAPTER 18: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Approx Objectives Topics
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

ƒ Define what a thermodynamic state is in relation to equilibrium.

ƒ Explain the significance of a quasi-static process.
Equations of State
ƒ Differentiate between the macro- and microstates.
ƒ Describe what an ideal gas is (i.e. enumerate its properties and provide the defining equation of Ideal Gas equation
2 hours
state).
Van der Waals equation
ƒ Compute for a thermodynamic variable given others quantities. (reading assignment)
ƒ Describe a more realistic model of gas.
ƒ Cite consequences of Van der Waals equation in the properties of the gas.

ƒ Account for the microscopic origins of the various thermodynamic variables.

Kinetic Theory of
1 hour ƒ Enumerate the assumptions of kinetic model of an ideal gas. Gases
ƒ Mathematically relate macroscopic variables of an ideal gas with microscopic ones.

Heat Capacity of Gases

ƒ Differentiate the heat capacities of an ideal gas for the various processes. Dulong-Petit Law
1 hour
ƒ Illustrate how the heat capacity of a solid is calculated using the equipartition theorem.
Phases of Matter
ƒ Discuss failure of equipartition theorem. (reading assignment)

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 ƒ Calculate for the internal energy of an ideal gas using the equipartition theorem.
ƒ Discuss significance and limitation of equipartition theorem.
ƒ Illustrate the use of phase diagrams to describe physical state of substances.

CHAPTER 19: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Approx Objectives Topics
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

ƒ Define a thermodynamic system for a given physical set-up and describe the type of boundary. Thermodynamic
Systems
ƒ Identify the system-environment interactions from the boundary.
1 hour
ƒ Interpret PV diagrams of a thermodynamic process. Work Done During
ƒ Compute the work done using PV diagrams. Volume Changes

ƒ Explain mathematical and physical significance of internal energy as a state function. First Law of
ƒ Solve for thermodynamic quantities using the conservation of energy. Thermodynamics

ƒ Differentiate the following basic thermodynamic processes: isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, Internal Energy as State
adiabatic and a cyclic process. Function
2 hours ƒ Write down the first law equations for the said processes.
Thermodynamic
ƒ Differentiate heat capacities of an ideal gas for various processes. Processes
ƒ Solve for the change in internal energy, work and heat transferred for the said processes.
ƒ Solve for the thermodynamic variables of one state given the thermodynamic variables of Internal Energy of an
another state. Ideal Gas

CHAPTER 20: THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Approx Objectives Topics
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

ƒ Describe the operation of an actual engine (esp. Otto engine).

ƒ Develop and describe a cyclic process (esp. the Otto process) representing such an engine.
ƒ Illustrate per cycle operation of an engine using the Energy Reservoir Model (ERM). Heat Engines
1 hour ƒ Solve for the efficiency of a heat engine.
Engine Cycles
ƒ Calculate for the power generated and various thermodynamic quantities in a given engine cycle
(esp. Otto cycle).
ƒ Discuss impossibility of developing a ‘perpetual heat engine’.

ƒ Describe the operation of a refrigerator.

ƒ Illustrate the ERM of a refrigerator.
1 hour Refrigerator
ƒ Solve for the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator.
ƒ Solve problems relating heat engine with refrigerator.

ƒ State the Kelvin and Clausius statements and explain the physical motivation for such
statements. Second Law of
1 hour
ƒ Use the statements to explain certain physical phenomena. Thermodynamics
ƒ State the Heat engine form of the 2nd law and illustrate meaning using ERM and efficiency.
ƒ State the Refrigerator form of the 2nd law and illustrate meaning using COP and efficiency.

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 ƒ Enumerate conditions necessary for a reversible process to take place.
ƒ Develop an equivalent reversible process for a given irreversible process.
Reversible and
ƒ Illustrate irreversibility in natural processes.
Irreversible Processes
1 hour ƒ Describe the Carnot cycle (enumerate the processes consisting the cycle as well as illustrate the
cycle on a PV diagram). Carnot Cycle
ƒ State Carnot’s theorem and use it to calculate maximum possible efficiency of a real engine.
ƒ Explain how reversible cycles are used to design a substance-independent thermometer scale.

ƒ Mathematically describe entropy for reversible processes and cite consequences of entropy
being a state function.
ƒ Solve for entropy changes for various processes: isothermal process, free expansion, inelastic
collision, constant pressure process, heat conduction, Carnot cycle
Entropy
ƒ State 2nd Law in terms of entropy of the universe and explain significance for naturally
occurring processes.
2 hours Useful Work
ƒ Differentiate ‘useful’ from ‘useless’ forms of energy. Calculate for amount of ‘lost’ work using
change in entropy. Order and Disorder
ƒ Differentiate macroscopic from microscopic interpretation of entropy and illustrate their
equivalence as well as use in explaining various physical phenomena.
ƒ Describe ‘order’ and ‘disorder’ in terms of the number of available (i.e. accessible) microstates
for a given macrostate.

FIRST EXAMINATION July 25 (W) 9-11 am

CHAPTER 37: RELATIVITY

Approx Objectives Topics
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

ƒ Define an inertial reference frame. Newtonian Relativity

1 hour ƒ State the Principle of Newtonian Relativity.
ƒ Explain the implications of Einstein’s Postulates. Einstein’s Postulates

Events and
ƒ Define an event and describe how measurements are taken in an inertial frame. Measurements
1 hour ƒ Define the interval and differentiate it from the Euclidean notion of distance.
ƒ Relate measurements of an event in one inertial frame with another inertial frame. Invariance of the
Interval

ƒ Draw the space-time axis of a given inertial frame and the world lines of all events relative to
this inertial frame. World Lines and
1 hour
ƒ Interpret physical meaning of space-time diagrams. Spacetime Diagrams
ƒ Relate geometric measurements with relativistic concepts.

Clock Synchronization
1 hour ƒ Describe synchronization of two clocks relative to inertial observers. and Simultaneity

Velocity
1 hour Transformation
ƒ Given a physical situation involving relativistic motion, apply Lorentz velocity transformation

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 to draw qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding the velocities relative to inertial
reference frames.

Lorentz Transformation
ƒ Relate Galilean and Lorentz transformations with the Einstein’s Postulates.
2 hours ƒ Given a physical situation involving relativistic motion, apply definitions of proper time and Time Dilation
proper length to draw qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding the length, time
interval and relative velocities.
Length Contraction

ƒ Given a physical situation involving relativistic motion, apply relativistic Doppler effect to draw
qualitative and quantitative conclusions regarding frequency and velocity. Relativistic Doppler
1 hour
Effect

Relativistic Momentum
ƒ Calculate the relativistic momentum and total energy of a particle given its rest mass and speed.
Relativistic Work and
2 hours ƒ Determine the velocity and rest energy of a system after an inelastic collision. Energy
ƒ Explain the consequences of Einstein’s General Relativity.
General Relativity

SECOND EXAMINATION August 22 (W) 9-11 am

CHAPTER 38: PHOTON, ELECTRONS, AND ATOMS

Approx Objectives Topics
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

ƒ Discuss aspects of the photoelectric effect.

Photoelectric Effect
ƒ Solve for either maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons, work function or threshold
frequency once the other two are known.
2 hours Quantization of Light
ƒ Solve for the energy of a quanta of light given its frequency and vice-versa.
ƒ Solve for the momentum of light given its wavelength and vice-versa.
Compton Scattering
ƒ Solve for scattering wavelength of light when it collides with matter.

ƒ Discuss the failure of some classical models of the atom.

ƒ Enumerate the postulates in Bohr’s model of the atom.
1 hour Bohr Model
ƒ Show how the Bohr model successfully accounted for the observed discrete spectral lines as
well as the Rydberg-Ritz relation.

CHAPTER 39: THE WAVE NATURE OF PARTICLES

de Broglie Waves
ƒ Discuss the significance of the de Broglie Hypothesis
ƒ Solve for the wavelength of a particle given its momentum or kinetic energy.
Wave-Particle Duality
2 hours ƒ Elaborate on the duality of matter and light and know when one aspect is more useful in
explaining observed phenomena.
ƒ State the uncertainty principle and be able to estimate uncertainties in experiments. Probability and
Uncertainty

ƒ Explain what a wave function is and illustrate its significance in determining all physically Wave Function
measurable quantities in a quantum system.
3 hours
ƒ Solve for the probability of occurrence of a classical event. Probability and
ƒ Solve for the mean and variance of some classical distributions. Normalization

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 ƒ Solve for the expectation value of some measurables (esp. position and variance) given the
wave function of a quantum system. Expectation Values

Schrodinger Equation

CHAPTER 40: QUANTUM MECHANICS

Approx Objectives Topics
Time After the discussion and lined up activities, you should be able to:

ƒ Illustrate how the wavefunction of a system may be derived using the Schrödinger’s Equation
for the following systems: Free Particle, Infinite Well, Finite Well, Harmonic Oscillator, and Applications of
Coulombic Potential. Schrödinger Equation
ƒ Differentiate the wavefunctions of the systems mentioned above.
3 hours ƒ Enumerate the properties of a physically realizable wavefunction. Energy Quantization
ƒ Show how bound quantum systems have quantized energy levels and solve for the ground state
energy.
Wave Function and the
ƒ Draw and interpret probability density plots. Probability Density
ƒ Deduce the most probable values of dynamical variables from the probability density plot.

ƒ Discuss differences in quantum and classical predictions of some unbound systems.

ƒ Calculate for the probability of transmitting a quantum particle into classically forbidden Potential Barrier and
1 hour
regions. Tunneling
ƒ Discuss how the different physical parameters affect the probability of transmission.

ƒ Show how degeneracy arises in quantum systems of more than one dimension.
ƒ Generate the possible quantum states of a system by listing down the corresponding quantum Schrödinger’s Equation
1 hour
numbers. in Three Dimensions
ƒ Solve for the energy levels and determine which ones are degenerate.

CHAPTER 41: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Two Identical Particles
ƒ Show how the indistinguishability of two quantum particles leads to two types of
3 hours wavefunctions. Hydrogen Atom
ƒ State Pauli’s exclusion principle and explain how it is exhibited in physical systems.
Zeeman Effect

THIRD EXAMINATION October 3 (W) 9-11 am

PHYSICS PALS:
NAME EMAIL PHONE MOBILE
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