Project No.

COMPILATION OF ELEMENTS IN MACHINE DESIGN II

(Elements 08)

Graphite electrodes - A petroleum by-product used as an electrode in an electric

arc furnace melting operation

Shaper machine- a machine shop equipment that can flatten horizontally, vertically
or an angular plane

Yellow brass- a material used for making engine radiators

Nose- the general term for the cutting end in a cutting tool

Iron- a major component of cast steel

Cathodic protection- the application of electrical current to the compound circuit to

counter the corrosion reaction

Bronze, Brass, Duralumin- materials made for bevel gears subjected to corrosion
and slightly loading

Acid fluxes- the flux that should be provided in soldering electrical connection or
commutator wires as it tends to corrode the connections

Shallow quenching- a treatment process that produces a residual compressive

stress at the surface (which occupy more volume) and residual tension on the
inside that results in considerable increase in fatigue strength members on
torsion/bending

Silicon - a good general purpose deoxidizer and promotes fine grain in steel

Flank - surface connecting the crest and roots of the screw thread

Quenching - it is hardening treatment whereby a cast metal being heated to a

very high temperature then suddenly subjected to rapid cooling to improve
hardenability wear resistance

SAE94XX- Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum steel designation of SAE

Oscillation- it is the name applied to reciprocating circular motion as that a

pendulum

UNC Series- commonly used/produced screws/bolts/nuts and for engineering

applications

Specific gravity- it indicates how many times a volume of material is heavier than
an equal volume of water
Keyset- Axially located rectangular groove in a hub and shaft

Clearance- the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear/pinion exceeds the
addendum of its mating pinion/gear. Also the radial distance between the top of a
tooth and the bottom of the mating tooth space

Deflection of a beam -Inversely proportional to the modulus of elasticity and

moment of inertia

424- the normal density of work space requirement to use in the design of a work
room in cubic feet per person

Safety notices in markers/boards- safety features that must be placed and

maintained at Machine, Blacksmith, Welding and Foundry Shops.

f- it is a symbol that the work surfaces should be machined finish and usually
indicated in the drawing and placed on line that represent the surface to be
machined.

0.35 to 0.40 %- the range of carbon content in steel that readily responds to heat
treatment.

45/55 % tin and lead- the soldering material commonly applied for automobile
radiator cores and roofing seams.

MIRDC- a research agency handling assistance to all foundry, machine shop and
metallurgical operation.

Blanking- an act of cutting out of a piece of metal at a desired shape and size

Bottom land - the surface of the gear between the fillets of adjacent teeth

½- the ideal thickness of the cutter at the pitch line for cutting helical gears should
be ____ of normal circular pitch.

Motion- progressive change of position of a body

98% or more- in designing gears, it is the recommended efficiency for power

transmission

Vise- one of the five principal parts of the shaper including the table, tool slide,
base, arm and ____

Chamfer- the conical surface at the starting end of the thread

20 to 31- for ordinary steel, the modulus of elasticity usually falls between ____
million pounds

Tension- the modulus of elasticity for metals in compression is usually taken as

that in ____
Section modulus- the following is the ratio of moment and stress

Zero- the flexural stress of a symmetrically cross-section beam when the vertical
shear is maximum

60%- the riveted joints in ASME Code has a design surface of compressive stress
____ higher than the design tensile stress

Relative strength- the ratio of the minimum strength of joint to the strength of solid
joint in the pressure vessel

5- The usual factor of safety for a pressure vessel

Tolerance- it is the permissible variation of the size

+ 0.010- it is the permissible liberal tolerance in machining work considering that

there is no fit

Unilateral- a tolerance where the size of a part may be larger only, or smaller only,
than the given dimension

Bilateral- a tolerance where the size of a part is committed to be either larger or

smaller than the given dimension

Basic hole system - the following is the basis for ASA fits

Interference of metal-When the hole is smaller than the shaft, it will take force or
pressure to put the cold parts together. In such case the allowance is negative.
Which of the following term is appropriate for such allowance?

Lay- the direction of the predominant surface pattern

Waviness- it is the irregularities of departures from the nominal surface of greater

spacing than roughness.

1- It is the surface finish of micrometer in rms.

Autofrettage - it is the process of pre-stressing of a hollow cylindrical member

beyond the elastic range

Fretting- it is the phenomenon occurring when two touching surfaces have a high
contact pressure and when the surfaces have minute relative motion.

Spur gears- a type of gear with the simplest type of teeth

Pitch circle- in gears, it is an imaginary circle on which the lever arm is based

Clearance circle- it is the circle tangent to the addendum of the meshing gears.
Normal pitch- the distance from a point on one gear to the corresponding point
measured along the base circle

Pressure line- a line passing through the pitch point that is tangent to both base
circles of a gear

1.5 : 1 - the contact ratio for a good gear design

Shell-type element - in pressure vessels, it resists internal pressure through

tension

Plate-type element - in pressure vessels, it resists internal pressure through

bending

Ring-flanged-a type of flange which is suitable for low and moderate pressure

Kinematics- it is the study of the body’s motion independent of the forces on the
body

Train value- it is the reciprocal of the velocity ratio

Coupling bolt- it is a type of bolt finished all over and has usually having coarse
threads

Carriage bolt- it is a type of bolt distinguished by a short portion of the shank

underneath the head being square or finned or ribbed

Stud bolt- it is a type of bolt threaded on both ends and can be used where a
through bolt impossible

Stove bolt- it is a cheap variety of bolt made in small sizes

Lock washer- it is a locking device that is used to maintain pressure between

threads of the bolt and nut

Lag screw- a large wood screw used to fasten machinery and equipment

1.5 D- it is the minimum length of contact in a tapped hole for cast iron

Spring index- it is the ratio of the mean diameter of coil over the coil diameter

Solid length - it is the overall length of the spring when it is compressed until all
adjacent coils touched

Free length- it is the length of a coil spring under no load

Hard drawn wire spring- it is a low cost wire spring material, suitable where
service is not severe and dimensional precision is not needed
Music wire-it is the hard drawn (80% reduction) spring wire made of high carbon
steel

Belleville spring- it is the type of spring made in the form of dished washer

Buckling- it is the type of failure due to instability

Euler formula- a type of formula that is best applied to a very slender column

Uniaxial- a state of stress in which two principal stresses is zero

Triaxial- a system that have finite values of principal stresses

Self locking screw -a screw that requires positive torque to lower the load or to
loosen the screw if it has been turned tight against a resistance

Shaft - it is the rotating member used in transmitting power

0.02 in./ft. - the permissible deflection for machinery shaft