Lecture 2

MANOMETERS

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 Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge
Basic Principle of Bourdon tube pressure gauge: when an elastic transducer ( bourdon

tube in this case ) is subjected to a pressure, it defects. This deflection is proportional to

the applied pressure.

Description of Bourdon tube Pressure Gauge: The main parts of this instruments are as

follows: An elastic transducer, that is bourdon tube which is fixed and open at one end to

receive the pressure which is to be measured. The other end of the bourdon tube is free

and closed. The cross-section of the bourdon tube is elliptical.

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The bourdon tube is in a bent form to look like a circular arc. To the free end of the

bourdon tube is attached an adjustable link, which is in turn connected to a sector and

pinion as shown in diagram. To the shaft of the pinion is connected a pointer which

sweeps over a pressure calibrated scale.

Applications of Bourdon Tube pressure gauge: They are used to measure medium to
very high pressures.

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 Buoyancy
• Whenever a body is placed over a liquid, either it sinks
down or floats on the liquid.

• Two forces involve are:

1. Gravitational Force
2. Up-thrust of the liquid
• If Gravitation force is more than Upthrust, body will sink.
• If Upthrust is more than Gravitation force, body will float.
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 Buoyancy:
• A body in a fluid, whether floating or submerged, is buoyed
up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
• “The tendency of a fluid to uplift a submerged body,
because of the up-thrust of the fluid, is known as force of
buoyancy or simply buoyancy.”
• The buoyant force acts vertically upward through the
centroid of the displaced volume and can be defined
mathematically by Archimedes’ principle as follows:

Fd   f Vd Fd  Buoyantforce
 f  Specific weightof fluid
Vd  Displacedvolume of fluid
• “Whenever a body, floating in a liquid, is given a small
angular displacement, it starts oscillating about some point.
This point, about which the body starts oscillating, is called
metacenter.”
• “The distance between centre of gravity of a floating body
and the metacentre (i.e distance between cg and m in Fig.)
is called metacentric height.”
• Metacentric height of a floating body is a direct measure of
its stability.
• More the metacentric height of a floating body, more it will
stable and vice versa.
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THE END

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