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1. Which of the following statement is a proposition?

a) Get me a glass of milkshake


b) God bless you!
c) What is the time now?
d) The only odd prime number is 2
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Only this statement has got the truth value which is
false.
2. The truth value of given statement is
‘4+3=7 or 5 is not prime’.
a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Compound statement with ‘or’ is true when either of
the statement is true. Here the first part of statement is true,
hence whole is true.
3. Which of the following option is true?
a) If the Sun is a planet, elephants will fly
b) 3 +2 = 8 if 5-2 = 7
c) 1 > 3 and 3 is a positive integer
d) -2 > 3 or 3 is a negative integer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, thus the whole statement is
true.
4. What is the value of x after this statement, assuming initial
value of x is 5?
‘If x equals to one then x=x+2 else x=0’.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 0
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If condition is false so value decided according to
else condition.
5. Let P: I am in Bangalore. , Q: I love cricket. ; then q -> p(q
implies p) is:
a) If I love cricket then I am in Bangalore
b) If I am in Bangalore then I love cricket
c) I am not in Bangalore
d) I love cricket
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Q is hypothesis and P is conclusion. So the compound
statement will be if hypothesis then conclusion.
6. Let P:If Sahil bowls, Saurabh hits a century. ,Q: If Raju
bowls , Sahil gets out on first ball. Now if P is true and Q is
false then which of the following can be true?
a) Raju bowled and Sahil got out on first ball
b) Raju did not bowled
c) Sahil bowled and Saurabh hits a century
d) Sahil bowled and Saurabh got out
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Either hypothesis should be false or both
(hypothesis and conclusion) should be true.
7. The truth value of given statement is
‘If 9 is prime then 3 is even’.
a) False
b) True
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The first part of statement is false, hence whole is
true.
8. Let P: I am in Delhi. , Q: Delhi is clean. ; then q ^ p(q and
p) is:
a) Delhi is clean and I am in Delhi
b) Delhi is not clean or I am in Delhi
c) I am in Delhi and Delhi is not clean
d) Delhi is clean but I am in Mumbai
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Connector should be ‘and’, that is q and p.
9. Let P: This is a great website, Q: You should not come back
here.
Then ‘This is a great website and you should come back here.’ is
best represented by:
a) ~P V ~Q
b) P ∧ ~Q
c) P V Q
d) P ∧ Q
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The second part of statement is negated, hence
negation operator is used.
10. Let P: We should be honest., Q: We should be dedicated .,R:
We should be overconfident.
Then ‘We should be honest or dedicated but not overconfident.’ is
best represented by:
a) ~P V ~Q V R
b) P ∧ ~Q ∧ R
c) P V Q ∧ R
d) P V Q ∧ ~R
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The third part of statement is negated, hence
negation operator is used, for (‘or’ –V) is used and for(’but’-
∧).

1. Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to


a) P<->~Q
b) ~P<->Q
c) ~P<->~Q
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them have same truth table, Hence they are equal.
2. What is the negation of the statement A->(B v(or) C)?
a) A ∧ ~B ∧ ~C
b) A->B->C
c) ~A ∧ B v C
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A->P is logically equivalent to ~A v P.
3. The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of A, B
are respectively
a) T, T
b) F, T
c) T, F
d) F, F
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For implications to be false hypothesis should be true and
conclusion should be false.
4. The statement which is logically equivalent to A∧ (and) B is
a) A->B
b) ~A ∧ ~ B
c) A ∧ ~B
d) ~(A->~B)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The truth table of both statements are same.
5. Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the match.
Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give a
nice overall squad performance. “is
a) PvQ
b) Q∧P
c) Q<->P
d) ~P v Q
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If and only if statements are bi-conditionals.
6. Let P, Q, R be true, false true , respectively, which of the following is
true
a) P∧Q∧R
b) P∧~Q∧~R
c) Q->(P∧R)
d) P->(Q∧R)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true.
7. “Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of
this statement is
a) Match will be played but it is a humid day
b) Match will be played or it is a humid day
c) All of the mentioned statement are correct
d) None of the mentioned.
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Negation of P->Q is P∧~Q.
8. Consider the following statements
A: Raju should exercise.
B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player.
C: Raju wants to play good table tennis.
The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he
wants to play good table tennis then he should exercise.” is
a) A->B->C
b) B∧(C->A)
c) C->B∧A
d) B<->A∧C
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For conditionals statement (if then), implications are
used.
9. The statement (~P<->Q)∧~Q is false when
a) P:True Q: False
b) P:True Q:True
c) P:False Q:True
d) P :False Q:False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be same.
10. Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is
true
a) P∧(Q∧~R)
b) (P->Q)∧~R
c) Q<->(P∧R)
d) P<->(QvR)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be same.

1. Which of the following statements is the negation of the statements “4 is odd or -9 is


positive”?
a) 4 is even or -9 is not negative
b) 4 is odd or -9 is not negative
c) 4 is even and -9 is negative
d) 4 is odd and -9 is not negative
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Using De Morgan’s Law ~(A V B) <-> ~A ∧ ~B.
2. Which of the following represents: ~A (negation of A) if A stands for “I like badminton but
hate maths”?
a) I hate badminton and maths
b) I do not like badminton or maths
c) I dislike badminton but love maths
d) I hate badminton or like maths
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: De Morgan’s Law ~ (A ∧ B) <-> ~A V ~B.
3. The compound statement A v ~(A ∧ B) is always
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Applying De-Morgan’s law we get A v ~ A Ξ Tautology.
4. Which of the following are De-Morgan’s law
1) P ∧ (Q v R) Ξ ( P ∧ Q ) v ( P ∧ R )
2) ~(P ∧ R) Ξ ~P v ~R , ~(P v R) Ξ ~P ∧ ~R
3) P v ~P Ξ True , P ∧ ~P Ξ False
4) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of De –Morgan’s Law.
5. What is the dual of (A ∧ B) v ( C ∧ D) ?
a) (A V B) v ( C v D)
b) (A V B) ^ ( C v D)
c) (A V B) v ( C ∧ D)
d) (A ∧ B) v ( C v D)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In dual ∧ is replaced by v and vice – versa.
6. ~ A v ~ B is logically equivalent to
a) ~A→~B
b) ~A∧~B
c) A → ~B
d) BVA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By identity A → B Ξ ~A V B.
7. Negation of statement (A ∧ B) → (B ∧ C)
a) (A ∧ B) →(~B ∧ ~C)
b) ~(A ∧ B) v ( B v C)
c) ~(A →B) →(~B ∧ C)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ~(A →B) Ξ A ∧ ~B using this we can easily fetch the answer.
8. Which of the following satisfies commutative law?
a) ∧
b) v
c) <->
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

9. If the truth value of A v B is true, then truth value of ~A ∧ B can be


a) True if A is false
b) False if A is false
c) False if B is true and A is false
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If A is false then both the condition are obeyed.
10. If P is always against the testimony of Q ,then the compound statement P→(P v ~Q) is a
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Since either hypothesis is false or both (hypothesis as well as conclusion) are
true.

1. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a tautology.


a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Tautology is always true.
2. A compound proposition that is always ___________ is called a contradiction.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Contradiction is always false.
3. If A is any statement, then which of the following is a tautology?
a) A ∧ F
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∨ ¬A
d) A ∧ T
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A ∨ ¬A is always true.
4. If A is any statement, then which of the following is not a contradiction?
a) A ∨ ¬A
b) A ∨ F
c) A ∧ F
d) None of mentioned.
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A ∨ F is not always false.
5. A compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called a
___________
a) Contingency
b) Equivalence
c) Condition
d) Inference
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of contingency.
6. ¬ (A ∨ q) ∧ (A ∧ q) is a ___________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ≡ (¬A ∧ ¬q) ∧ (A ∧ q)
≡ (¬A ∧ A) ∧ (¬q ∧ q)
≡ F ∧ F ≡ F.
7. (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ (q ∨ T)
≡ T ∨ T ≡ T.
8. A ∧ ¬(A ∨ (A ∧ T)) is always __________
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ≡ A ∧ ¬ (A ∨ (A ∧ T))
≡ A ∧ ¬(A ∨ A)
≡ A ∧ ¬A ≡ F.
9. (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T) is always _________
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ (A ∨ F) ∨ (A ∨ T)
≡ A ∨ T ≡ T.
10. A → (A ∨ q) is a __________
a) Tautology
b) Contradiction
c) Contingency
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ≡ A → (A ∨ q)
≡ ¬A ∨ (A ∨ q)
≡ (A ∨ ¬A) ∨ q
≡T∨q≡T
1. The contrapositive of p → q is the proposition:
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of contrapositive.
2. The inverse of p → q is the proposition:
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of inverse.
3. The converse of p → q is the proposition:
a) ¬p → ¬q
b) ¬q → ¬p
c) q → p
d) ¬q → p
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of converse.
4. What is the contrapositive of the conditional statement? “The home team misses
whenever it is drizzling?”
a) If it is drizzling, then home team misses
b) If the home team misses, then it is drizzling
c) If it is not drizzling, then the home team does not misses
d) If the home team wins, then it is not drizzling
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: q whenever p contrapositive is ¬q → ¬p.
5. What is the converse of the conditional statement “If it ices today, I will play ice hockey
tomorrow.
a) “I will play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
b) “If I do not play ice hockey tomorrow, then it will not have iced today.”
c) “If it does not ice today, then I will not play ice hockey tomorrow.”
d) “I will not play ice hockey tomorrow only if it ices today.”
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If p, then q has converse q → p.
6. What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “I come to class whenever there
is going to be a test.
a) “If I come to class, then there will be a test.”
b) “If I do not come to class, then there will not be a test.”
c) “If there is not going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
d) “If there is going to be a test, then I don’t come to class.”
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: q whenever p, has contrapositive ¬q → ¬p.
7. What are the inverse of the conditional statement “ A positive integer is a composite only
if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
a) “A positive integer is a composite if it has divisors other than 1 and itself.”
b) “If a positive integer has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then it is not composite.”
c) “If a positive integer is not composite, then it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.”
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: p only if q has inverse ¬p → ¬q.
8. What are the converse of the conditional statement “When Raj stay up late, it is necessary
that Raj sleep until noon.”
a) “If Raj stay up late, then Raj sleep until noon.”
b) “If Raj does not stay up late, then Raj does not sleep until noon.”
c) “If Raj does not sleep until noon, then Raj does not stay up late.”
d) “If Raj sleep until noon, then Raj stay up late.”
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Necessary condition for p is q has converse q → p.
9. What are the contrapositive of the conditional statement “Medha will find a decent job
when she labour hard.”?
a) “If Medha labour hard, then she will find a decent job.”
b) “If Medha will not find a decent job, then she not labour hard.”
c) “If Medha will find a decent job, then she labour hard.”
d) “If Medha not labour hard, then she will not find a decent job.”
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The statement q when p has its contrapositive as ¬q → ¬p.
10. What are the inverse of the conditional statement “If you make your notes, it will be a
convenient in exams.”
a) “If you make notes, then it will be a convenient in exams.”
b) “If you do not make notes, then it will not be a convenient in exams.”
c) “If it will not be a convenient in exams, then you did not make your notes.”
d) “If it will be a convenient in exams, then you make your notes
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: If p then q has inverse ¬p → ¬q

1. The compound propositions p and q are called logically equivalent if ________ is a tautology.
a) p ↔ q
b) p → q
c) ¬ (p ∨ q)
d) ¬p ∨ ¬q
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of logical equivalence.
2. p → q is logically equivalent to:
a) ¬p ∨ ¬q
b) p ∨ ¬q
c) ¬p ∨ q
d) ¬p ∧ q
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: (p → q) ↔ (¬p ∨ q) is tautology.
3. p ∨ q is logically equivalent to:
a) ¬q → ¬p
b) q → p
c) ¬p → ¬q
d) ¬p → q
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: (p ∨ q) ↔ (¬p → q) is tautology.
4. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to:
a) q↔p
b) p↔¬q
c) ¬p↔¬q
d) ¬q↔¬p
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ¬(p↔q)↔(p↔¬q) is tautology.
5. p ∧ q is logically equivalent to:
a) ¬ (p → ¬q)
b) (p → ¬q)
c) (¬p → ¬q)
d) (¬p → q)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (p ∧ q) ↔ (¬(p → ¬q)) is tautology.
6. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p
b) ¬(p ∧ q) ≡ ¬p ∨ ¬q
c) (p ∨ q) ∨ r ≡ p ∨ (q ∨ r)
d) All of mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Verify using truth table, all are correct.
7. p ↔ q is logically equivalent to:
a) (p → q) → (q → p)
b) (p → q) ∨ (q → p)
c) (p → q) ∧ (q → p)
d) (p ∧ q) → (q ∧ p)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: (p ↔ q) ↔ ((p → q) ∧ (q → p)) is tautology.
8. (p → q) ∧ (p → r) is logically equivalent to:
a) p → (q ∧ r)
b) p → (q ∨ r)
c) p ∧ (q ∨ r)
d) p ∨ (q ∧ r)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ((p → q) ∧ (p → r)) ↔ (p → (q ∧ r)) is tautology.
9. (p → r) ∨ (q → r) is logically equivalent to:
a) (p ∧ q) ∨ r
b) (p ∨ q) → r
c) (p ∧ q) → r
d) (p → q) → r
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ((p → r) ∨ (q → r)) ↔ ((p ∧ q) → r) is tautology.
10. ¬ (p ↔ q) is logically equivalent to:
a) p ↔ ¬q
b) ¬p ↔ q
c) ¬p ↔ ¬q
d) ¬q ↔ ¬p
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (¬ (p ↔ q)) ↔ (p ↔ ¬q) is tautology.

1. Let P (x) denote the statement “x >7.” Which of these have truth value true?
a) P (0)
b) P (4)
c) P (6)
d) P (9)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Put x=9, 9>7 which is true.
2. Let Q(x) be the statement “x < 5.” What is the truth value of the quantification ∀xQ(x),
having domains as real numbers?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Q(x) is not true for every real number x, because, for instance, Q(6) is false.
That is, x = 6 is a counterexample for the statement ∀xQ(x). Thus is false.
3. Determine the truth value of ∀n(n + 1 > n) if the domain consists of all real numbers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: There are no elements in the domain for which the statement is false.
4. Let P(x) denote the statement “x = x + 7.” What is the truth value of the quantification
∃xP(x), where the domain consists of all real numbers?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Because P(x) is false for every real number x, the existential quantification of
Q(x), which is ∃xP(x), is false.
5. Let R (x) denote the statement “x > 2.” What is the truth value of the quantification
∃xR(x), having domain as real numbers?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Because “x > 2” is sometimes true—for instance, when x = 3–the existential
quantification of R(x), which is ∃xR(x), is true.
6. The statement,” Every comedian is funny” where C(x) is “x is a comedian” and F (x) is “x is
funny” and the domain consists of all people.
a) ∃x(C(x) ∧ F (x))
b) ∀x(C(x) ∧ F (x))
c) ∃x(C(x) → F (x))
d) ∀x(C(x) → F (x))
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For every person x, if comedian then x is funny.
7. The statement, “At least one of your friends is perfect”. Let P (x) be “x is perfect” and let F
(x) be “x is your friend” and let the domain be all people.
a) ∀x (F (x) → P (x))
b) ∀x (F (x) ∧ P (x))
c) ∃x (F (x) ∧ P (x))
d) ∃x (F (x) → P (x))
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: For some x, x is friend and funny.
8. ”Everyone wants to learn cosmology.” This argument may be true for which domains?
a) All students in your cosmology class
b) All the cosmology learning students in the world
c) Both of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Domain may be limited to your class or may be whole world both are good as it
satisfies universal quantifier.
9. Let domain of m includes all students , P (m) be the statement “m spends more than 2
hours in playing polo”. Express ∀m ¬P (m) quantification in English.
a) A student is there who spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
b) There is a student who does not spend more than 2 hours in playing polo
c) All students spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
d) No student spends more than 2 hours in playing polo
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: There is no student who spends more than 2 hours in playing polo.
10. Determine the truth value of statement ∃n (4n = 3n) if the domain consists of all
integers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For n=0, 4n=3n hence, it is true.

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