Navigation

Expert Outreach
Communication
Giveaways
IC
Microcontrollers
8051
AVR
PIC
ARM
Infographics
Projects
ECE Projects
EEE Projects
Quiz
Tools
Resistor Color Code Calculator
Ohms Law Calculator
White Papers

fb
tw
yt
g+

Home
Project Ideas

What’s new in Project Ideas

Image Processing Projects For Engineering Students

Design and Implementation of GSM Based Industrial Automation

How to Choose the Right Electrical DIY Project Kits

Webpagepdf.com
 How to Choose an Electrical and Electronics Projects Ideas For Final Year Engineering Students

Why Should Engineering Students To Give More Importance To Mini Projects

Recommended Electronic Kits For Your Final Year Engineering Projects

Popular Projects

What’s new in Popular Projects

Sensor Based Project Ideas for Final Year Engineering Students

List EIE Projects for Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Students

Best Electrical Projects Ideas for Final Year Engineering Students

Top Embedded Systems Projects Ideas for Engineering Students

Top Electronics Projects Ideas for Engineering Students

10 Good Electronics Mini Projects Ideas for ECE Students

Electrical

What’s new in Electrical

Webpagepdf.com
 What is Load Factor? Its Calculation with Example

What is a Protection Device? Different types of Protection Devices

What are Errors in Measurement? Types of Errors with Calculation

What is a Biosensor, Types of Biosensors and Applications

Construction and Working of a 4 Point Starter

What is a 3 Point Starter? Construction and Working Principle

Electronics

What’s new in Electronics

Basics of UART Communication, Block Diagram, Applications

What is a Protection Device? Different types of Protection Devices

Webpagepdf.com
 What are Errors in Measurement? Types of Errors with Calculation

Image Processing Projects For Engineering Students

What is a Biosensor, Types of Biosensors and Applications

Full Subtractor Circuit Construction using Logic Gates

Robotics
General
Arduino
Technology
Free Circuits
Interview Questions

Expert Outreach
Communication
Giveaways
IC
Microcontrollers
8051
AVR
PIC
ARM
Infographics
Projects
ECE Projects
EEE Projects
Quiz
Tools
Resistor Color Code Calculator
Ohms Law Calculator
White Papers

Power Factor Calculation

Electrical

2 Comments

Power factor is the significant factor for evaluating the effectiveness of usage of electric power in a power system network. If the power
factor is good or high (unity), then we can say that more effectively the electric power is being used in a power system. As the power factor
is poor or reduces, the effectiveness of usage of electric power reduces in power system. The poor power factor or power factor

Webpagepdf.com
reduction is caused by various reasons. So, for improving power factor there are various power factor correction techniques. The power
factor correction using power factor correction capacitors is the best and efficient method of various power factor correction methods. But,
primarily we must know what is power factor, power factor calculation, and power factor correction.

What is Power Factor?

A power factor can be described in various terms such, it can be called as the ratio between active power and apparent power, it can be
defined as the cosine of angle between voltage and current. The cosine of the angle between voltage and current is considered (not sine or
tangent or cotangent angle), because the phasor diagram of voltage or current from power triangle is considered.

Power Factor Calculation

We discussed that the efficiency of power system depends on power factor and to improve effective usage of power in a power system the
power factor has to be improved. But, before that we must know the power factor of power system, i.e., we must know the power factor
calculation. The power factor calculation can be derived by using the angle between supply voltage and load current as shown in the figure.

Angle between Supply Voltage

and Load Current

The power factor always lies in a closed interval of -1 to +1. The power factor calculation can be done using a power triangle, the cosine of
the angle between active power and apparent power is considered as power factor and it is same as the angle between supply voltage and
load current.

Angle between Active Power

and Apparent Power

So, if the angle between the supply voltage and load current or angle between active and apparent power reduces, then the cosine of this
angle increases which makes the power factor almost unity. This indicates the effectiveness of usage of electric power in a power system. In
fact, unity power factor is practically not possible because of the capacitive and inductive loads which causes leading or lagging. Thus, for
improving power factor in order to use electrical power effectively, there are various power factor correction techniques.

Earlier in this article, We discussed that power factor calculation can be made using the angle between
SPONSORED SEARCHES supply voltage and load current or angle between active power and apparent power. If we consider the
3 Phase Power Calculation equation of the power, then the power factor calculation can be made as follows.

Power Factor In the following equations, S-apparent power, Q-reactive power, and P-active power. The power triangle
formed by these powers is shown in the figure.

Webpagepdf.com
 Power Factor and Power Triangle

The real power which is used for feeding loads is termed as active power (P) and is given as

Active Power

The apparent power (S) is instantaneous power oscillating component magnitude measured in VA or KVA and it can be expressed as follows

Apparent Power

The reactive power and energy stored in the power system are proportional to each other and is measured in VAR or KVAR. Now, power
factor calculation can be expressed as

Power Factor

Power factor (PF) is also termed displacement power factor (DPF).

The single phase power factor calculation and three phase power factor calculation can be given as shown below which are deducted from
the single phase and three phase power calculation equations.

Single phase power factor is given as

Single Phase Power Factor Calculation

Where Power-kW, Voltage-Volts, and Current-Amperes.

Three power factor derived from three phase power calculation

Three Phase Power Factor Calculation (Line to Line Voltage)

Where Power-kW, Line to Line Voltage-Volts, and Current-Amperes.

Webpagepdf.com
 Three Phase Power Factor Calculation (Line to Neutral Voltage)

Where Power-kW, Line to Line Voltage-Volts, and Current-Amperes.

Power Factor Correction

After power factor calculation, if it is good, then the electric power is said to be used effectively in power system. But, if the power factor
calculation gives poor power factor, then the power factor correction is required for improving the system efficiency. There are various
reasons such as inductive loads (induction generators, induction motors, high intensity discharge lamps, and so on), due to which power
factor is being affected.

So, power factor correction will improve voltage levels in the power system, reduces losses which will increase system capacity,
eliminates power factor penalty, reduces demand of peak active power thereby reduces utility fees. There are various methods for power
factor correction (reducing the angle between supply voltage and load current, thereby increasing power factor value towards unity) such as
power factor correction using power factor correction capacitors, synchronous, filter, and active boost power factor correction.

Power Factor Improvement using Power Factor Correction Capacitors

Power Factor Correction Capacitors

The power factor can be improved using power factor correction capacitors using the property of capacitors i.e., a leading power factor
which can diminish the effect on power factor by inductive loads. Because, the inductive load’s inductive reactance can be cancelled using
the capacitive reactance of the power factor correction capacitors. There are various types of power factor correction capacitors such as
ABB power factor correction capacitors, fixed power factor correction capacitors, and automatic power factor correction capacitors,
which are typically used for power factor correction.

In this article, we discussed about power factor calculation but, do you know how to calculate resistance using resistor color code? Are you
aware of online resistor calculator and Ohm’s law calculator?

Share This Post:

Facebook

Twitter
Google+
LinkedIn

Pinterest

Post navigation
‹ Previous Latest Arduino Based Project Ideas for Students in 2015
Next › What is Analog Filter? – Diffreent Types of Analog Filters

2 Comments
1. Sandeep Sakharam Bhujbal says:
at

what is the new power factor formula, give one example

Webpagepdf.com
 Reply
1. Tarun Agarwal says:
at

Hi Sandeep
Power Factor is the ratio of Real Power to the Apparent Power Total Power.

Reply

Add Comment

Comment:

Name *

Email *

Website

Post Comment

Search

SPONSORED SEARCHES

3 Phase Power Calculation

Power Factor

Electronic Project

Electrical Circuit

A Electric Motor

Recent Posts
Basics of UART Communication, Block Diagram, Applications
Cellonics Technology Circuit Working and Its Applications
What is Load Factor? Its Calculation with Example
Shakti – The First Microprocessor of India
What is a Protection Device? Different types of Protection Devices
What are Errors in Measurement? Types of Errors with Calculation
Image Processing Projects For Engineering Students
What is a Biosensor, Types of Biosensors and Applications
Construction and Working of a 4 Point Starter
What is a 3 Point Starter? Construction and Working Principle

Work From Home

Webpagepdf.com
SPONSORED SEARCHES

3 Phase Power Calculation

Power Factor

Electronic Project

Electrical Power System

A Electric Motor

Categories
Home
Popular posts
Project Ideas
Electrical
Electronics
Robotics
Technology
Download Projects list

Recent Comments
Tarun Agarwal on Best B.Tech Projects List for ECE and EEE Engineering Students
Tarun Agarwal on Different Electronics Circuit Design Process
Tarun Agarwal on Best ECE Projects – Project Ideas for Final Year ECE Students
Tarun Agarwal on Know about Access Control Systems and Their Types with Features
Tarun Agarwal on Innovative Electrical Projects for Engineering Students by Professional Experts

Follow On Facebook

Advertise With Us
Webpagepdf.com
Disclaimer
Report Violation
Image Usage Policy
Privacy Policy
Contact Us

Copyright 2013 - 2018 © Elprocus

Webpagepdf.com