PL / SQL Coding 1 Amirtharaj.

K
CURSORS
Explicit Cursor Normal - Select

declare
dno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;
eno emp.empno%type;
ename1 emp.ename%type;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename from emp where deptno=dno;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into eno,ename1;
exit when c1%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(eno);
dbms_output.put_line(ename1);
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line(c1%rowcount);
close c1;
end;

Explicit Cursor Normal -Update

declare
dno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;
eno emp.empno%type;
ename1 emp.ename%type;
esal emp.sal%type;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into eno,ename1,esal;
exit when c1%notfound;
if esal<1200 then
update emp set comm=sal*.6 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);
elsif esal>1200 and esal<=1500 then
update emp set comm=sal*.4 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);
else
update emp set comm=sal*.5 where deptno=dno and (sal>1500);
end if;
dbms_output.put_line(eno);
dbms_output.put_line(ename1);
end loop;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line(c1%rowcount);
close c1;
end;

Explicit Cursor Normal -Update - Cursor for Loop

set server output on;

declare
dno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
r1 c1%rowtype;
begin
for r1 in c1
loop
if r1.sal<1200 then
update emp set comm=sal*.06 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);

elsif r1.sal>1200 and r1.sal<=1500 then

update emp set comm=sal*.04 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);
else
update emp set comm=sal*.05 where deptno=dno and (sal>1500);
end if;
end loop;
commit;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('Nodata');
end;
PL / SQL Coding 2 Amirtharaj.K

Explicit Cursor Normal -Update - Cursor for Loop - Row Count

declare
dno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
r1 c1%rowtype;
begin
for r1 in c1
loop
exit when c1%rowcount>1

if r1.sal<1200 then
update emp set comm=sal*.08 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);
elsif r1.sal>1200 and r1.sal<=1500 then
update emp set comm=sal*.09 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);
else
update emp set comm=sal*.1 where deptno=dno and (sal>1500);
end if;
end loop;
commit;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('Nodata');

when invalid_number then

dbms_output.put_line('Nodata');
end;

Implicit Cursor - sql%rowcount , sql%notfound

declare
dno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;
esal emp.sal%type:=&Esal;
begin
update emp set sal=sal+esal where deptno=dno;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
if sql%notfound then
dbms_output.put_line('No Data');
end if;
end;

Cursor – Parameterized

set serveroutput on;

declare
a dept.deptno%type:=&Deptno;
b dept.dname%type;
cursor c1(d1 dept.deptno%type) is select dname from dept where deptno=d1;
begin
open c1(a);
fetch c1 into b;
if c1%notfound then
dbms_output.put_line('No');
else
dbms_output.put_line(b);
end if;
close c1;

end;
PL / SQL Coding 3 Amirtharaj.K

EXCEPTION – ERROR HANDLING

Exception - Predefined

declare
a dept.deptno%type:=&DEPT_NO;
b emp.empno%type;
begin
select empno into b from emp where deptno=a;
dbms_output.put_line(b);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('No Depts' );

when too_many_rows then

dbms_output.put_line('More Employees' );
end;

Exception - when dup_val_on_index and when others

begin
insert into dept(deptno,dname,loc) values(&a,'&b','&c');
dbms_output.put_line(SQL%rowcount);
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
dbms_output.put_line('Duplicate Depts' );

when others then

dbms_output.put_line('Invalid Depts Insers' );
end;

Exception - User Defined

declare
a dept.deptno%type:=&Deptno;
b dept.dname%type:='&Dept_Name';

c exception;
begin
update dept set dname=b where deptno=a;
if sql%notfound then
raise c;
end if;
exception
when c then
dbms_output.put_line(' Depts should be exists' );

when others then

dbms_output.put_line(' Depts should be numeric' );
end;

Exception - SQL Code , SQL Errm

begin
insert into dept(deptno,dname,loc) values(&a,'&b','&c');
dbms_output.put_line(SQL%rowcount);
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
dbms_output.put_line('Duplicate Depts' );
dbms_output.put_line(SQLerrm );
dbms_output.put_line(SQLcode);

when others then

dbms_output.put_line('Invalid Depts Inserts' );
end;
PL / SQL Coding 4 Amirtharaj.K
Exception - INIT Pragma - Non - Predefined

declare
a dept.deptno%type:=&Deptno;
b dept.dname%type:='&Dept_Name';

c exception;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(c,-23);
begin
update dept set dname=b where deptno=a;
if sql%notfound then
raise c;
end if;
exception
when c then
dbms_output.put_line('dept no is missing');

when others then

dbms_output.put_line(' Depts should be numeric' );
end;

STORED PROCEDURES
Procedure - IN

create or replace procedure

p1000(a1 in dept.deptno%type,b1 in dept.dname%type,c1 in dept.loc%type) is
begin
insert into dept values(a1,b1,c1);
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
dbms_output.put_line('Duplicate Depts' );
end;

Procedure - IN OUT - Specification

create or replace procedure

p1002(a1 in emp.empno%type,b1 in out emp.sal%type) is
c1 number;
begin
select sal into b1 from emp where empno=a1;
if b1<2000 then
b1:=b1+111;
else
b1:=b1-100;
end if;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('No Emps' );
end;

Procedure - IN OUT - Body - Implementation

declare
b number;
a number:=&AA;
begin
p1002(a,b);
dbms_output.put_line(b);
end;

Procedure - IN - Exception – Raise Application Error

create or replace procedure

p1004(a1 in dept.deptno%type,b1 in dept.dname%type) is
begin
update dept set dname=b1 where deptno=a1;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
if sql%rowcount=0 then
raise_application_error(-20204,'Invalid Updates, Try Again');
end if;
end;
PL / SQL Coding 5 Amirtharaj.K
Procedure - Implicit Cursor - Explicit Cursor for loop -Update

create or replace procedure p1007(dno1 dept.deptno%type) is

dno emp.deptno%type:=dno1;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
r1 c1%rowtype;
begin
for r1 in c1
loop
exit when c1%rowcount>1;
update emp set comm=sal*.075 where deptno=dno and (sal>2000 and sal<=3000);
end loop;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
end;

Procedure Implicit Cursor - Explicit Cursor Normal -Update

create or replace procedure p1005(dno1 dept.deptno%type) is

dno emp.deptno%type:=dno1;
eno emp.empno%type;
ename1 emp.ename%type;
esal emp.sal%type;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into eno,ename1,esal;
exit when c1%notfound;
if esal<1200 then
update emp set comm=sal*.1 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);
elsif esal>1200 and esal<=1500 then
update emp set comm=sal*.15 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);
else
update emp set comm=sal*.2 where deptno=dno and (sal>1500);
end if;

dbms_output.put_line(eno);
dbms_output.put_line(ename1);
end loop;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line(c1%rowcount);
close c1;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
end;

Procedure - Implicit Cursor - Explicit Cursor Normal -Update [ Single Condition ]

create or replace procedure p1006(dno1 dept.deptno%type) is

dno emp.deptno%type:=dno1;
eno emp.empno%type;
ename1 emp.ename%type;
esal emp.sal%type;
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into eno,ename1,esal;
exit when c1%notfound;
if esal>2000 and esal<=3000 then
update emp set comm=sal*.15 where deptno=dno and (sal>2000 and sal<=3000);
end if;
dbms_output.put_line(eno);
dbms_output.put_line(ename1);
end loop;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line(c1%rowcount);
close c1;
dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);
end;
PL / SQL Coding 6 Amirtharaj.K

STORED FUNCTION

Function – Normal - Specification

create or replace function f1000(eno number) return number is

esal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal into esal from emp where empno=eno;
RETURN esal;
exception
when no_data_found then
raise_application_error(-20345,'This Employee id not exitst');
end;

Function – Body

declare
a number;
begin
a:=f1000(&Empno);
dbms_output.put_line(a);
end;
PACKAGE

Package - Normal - Package Specification - Procedure

create or replace package pc1000 is

procedure p1100(a1 in number);
end pc1000;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Procedure

create or replace package body pc1000 is

procedure p1100(a1 in number) is
ename1 emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into ename1 from emp where empno=a1;
dbms_output.put_line(ename1);
end p1100;
end pc1000;

Execute Package / Procedure

exec pc1000.p1100(7900);

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Package - Normal - Package Specification - Function

create or replace package pc1001 is

function f1100(z1 in number) return number;
end pc1001;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Function

create or replace package body pc1001 is

function f1100(z1 in number) return number is
esal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal+nvl(comm,0) into esal from emp where empno=z1;
return esal;
end f1100;
end pc1001;
PL / SQL Coding 7 Amirtharaj.K
Execute Function

declare
a1 number;
begin
a1:=pc1001.f1100(&empno);
dbms_output.put_line(a1);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('No Emp');
end;
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Package - Normal - Package Specification - Procedure - Function

create or replace package pc1002 is

procedure p1101(a1 in number);
function f1101(z1 in number) return number;
end pc1002;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Procedure - Function

create or replace package body pc1002 is

procedure p1101(a1 in number) is
ename1 emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into ename1 from emp where empno=a1;
dbms_output.put_line(ename1);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('No Emp Nos');
end p1101;

function f1101(z1 in number) return number is

esal emp.sal%type;
begin
select sal+nvl(comm,0) into esal from emp where empno=z1;
return esal;
end f1101;
end pc1002;

Execute Package / Procedure

exec pc1002.p1101(7900);

Execute Function

declare
a2 number;
begin
a2:=pc1002.f1101(&empno);
dbms_output.put_line(a2);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('Emp Nos None');
end;

Execute Package / Function - Procedure

declare
a3 number:=&empNo;
a2 number;
begin
a2:=pc1002.f1101(a3);
pc1002.p1101(a3);
dbms_output.put_line(a2);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('Emp Nos None');
end;
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PL / SQL Coding 8 Amirtharaj.K

Package - Normal - Package Specification - Function

create or replace package pc1003 is

function f1103(z1 in number) return number;
end pc1003;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Function

create or replace package body pc1003 is

function f1103(z1 in number) return number is
exp1 emp.sal%type;
begin
select (sysdate-hiredate)/365 into exp1 from emp where empno=z1;
return exp1;
end f1103;
end pc1003;

Execute Package / Function

declare
a2 number;
begin
a2:=pc1003.f1103(&empno);
dbms_output.put_line(a2);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line('Emp Nos None');
end;
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Package - Normal - Package Specification - - Function - Cursor

create or replace package pc1004 is

function f1104 return number;
end pc1004;

Package - Normal - Package Body- - Function - Cursor

create or replace package body pc1004 is

function f1104 return number is
cursor c1 is select (sysdate-hiredate)/365 service from emp ;
exp1 emp.sal%type;

begin
for r1 in c1
loop
exp1:=r1.service;
exit when c1%notfound;
end loop;
return exp1;
end f1104;
end pc1004;

Execute Package / Function - Cursor

declare
a2 number;
begin
a2:=pc1004.f1104;
dbms_output.put_line(a2);
end;

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Package - Normal - Package Specification - -Procedure - Cursor

create or replace package pc1105 is

procedure p1105;
end pc1105;
PL / SQL Coding 9 Amirtharaj.K

Package - Normal - Package Body- - Procedure - Cursor

create or replace package body pc1105 is

procedure p1105 is
cursor c1 is select empno,ename,(sysdate-hiredate)/365 service from emp ;
eno1 number;
ename1 varchar2(25);
exp1 number;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into eno1,ename1,exp1;
exit when c1%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(eno1||' '||ename1||' '||exp1 );
end loop;

close c1;
end p1105;
end pc1105;

Execute Package / Procedure - Cursor

exec pc1105.p1105;

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TRIGGER

Trigger – Replication –Row Level

Create or replace trigger tr01 after delete on dept for each row
Begin
Insert into dept01 values (:old.deptno,:old.dname,:old.loc);
End;

Trigger -Days – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr02 before update or delete on dept

declare
d1 varchar(3);
begin
d1:=to_char(sysdate,'dy');

if d1 in('mon','tue') then
raise_application_error(-20025,'try on another day');
end if;
end;

Trigger -Cross Updataion - Row Level

create or replace trigger tr03 after update on dept for each row
begin
update emp set sal=sal+777 where deptno=:old.deptno;
end;

Trigger - Auditing – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr05 after update on dept50

declare
u1 varchar2(50);
begin
select user into u1 from dual;
insert into user50 values(u1,sysdate,'Update');
end;
PL / SQL Coding 10 Amirtharaj.K

create or replace trigger tr06 after insert on dept50

declare
u1 varchar2(50);
begin
select user into u1 from dual;
insert into user50 values(u1,sysdate,'insert');
end;

Trigger - Inserting - Updating - Deleting - CONDITIONAL TRIGGER – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr07 before insert or update or delete on dept50

begin
if inserting then
raise_application_error(-20001,' You unable to insert ');
elsif updating then
raise_application_error(-20002,' You unable to update ');
elsif deleting then
raise_application_error(-20003,' You unable to delete ');
end if;
end;

Trigger -Update Cascade – Row Level

create or replace trigger tr08 after update of deptno on dept50 for each row
begin
update emp50 set deptno=:new.deptno where deptno=:old.deptno;
end;

Trigger -Delete Cascade – Row Level

create or replace trigger tr09 before delete on dept50 for each row
begin
delete from emp where deptno=:old.deptno;
end;

Trigger –Computation – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr10 after insert or update or delete on emp50

begin
update dept50 set totsal=(select sum(sal) from emp50 where emp50.deptno=dept50.deptno);
end;