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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IIR FILTER 

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IIR FILTER


AND FIR FILTER
FIR Digital Filter
FIR Digital Filter                IIR Digital Filter
IIR Digital Filter

• Let {h[n}: impulse response
{ [ } p p • Infinite
Infinite impulse 
impulse
{x(n)}: input,  response (IIR) filter
{y(n)}: output
• Finite impulse response 
P Q
(FIR) filter: y (n) = ∑ a (i ) y (n − i ) + ∑ b(k ) x(n − k )
i =1 k =0

J −1
Y ( z) ∑ b( m) z −m
B ( z )V ( z )
y ( n) = ∑ h( j ) x ( n − j ) = m =0
P
=
1 + ∑ a(k ) z − k
j =0
X ( z) A( z )V ( z )
k =1
FIR Digital Filter
FIR Digital Filter            IIR Digital Filter
IIR Digital Filter
• Impulse input: 
Impulse input: • The
The length of {y(n)} may 
length of {y(n)} may
be infinite! 
if x(n)=δ(n), y(n)=h(n) is 
if x(n)=δ(n) y(n)=h(n) is • Stability concerns: 
y
the impulse response  – The magnitude of y(n) 
that has finite extent.  may become infinity 
even if all x(n) are finite!
if ll ( ) fi i !
– coefficient values, 
• Computation is the 
p – quantization error
quantization error
same as convolution.
FIR Digital Filter
FIR Digital Filter            IIR Digital Filter
IIR Digital Filter
• FIR filter can be  • IIR filters are often factored 
implemented using direct  into products (cascade 
form or fast convolution  realization) or sum (parallel 
methods like FFT hence
methods like FFT ,hence  realization) of 1st order or 
realization) of 1 order or
STABLE. 2nd order sections due to 
numerical concerns(Manual 
Calculation only possible)  )
• Realized by Non‐Recursive  • Realised by 
methods.
h d Recursive(Feedback)
Recursive(Feedback) 
methods.
FIR Digital Filter
FIR Digital Filter            IIR Digital Filter
IIR Digital Filter
• They have LINEAR PHASE. • They don’t have linear phase & 
• Less susceptible to Noise. hence are used at places where
hence are used at places where 
• To design we have phase distortion is tolerable.
a)Park Mc Clellan’s method. • More susceptible to Noise.
b)Fourier Series method
b)Fourier Series method. • g
To design we have
c)Frequency Sampling OR Inverse 
Fourier Transform method. a)Impulse Invarience method.
) q
d)Window technique. b)Bilinear Transformation method.
E.g.  c)Backward difference  method.
Rectangular,Hamming,Hanning,B
artlett,Blackmann,Kaiser 
Windows
Windows.
e)Minimax or Optimal Filter Design.
FIR Digital Filter
FIR Digital Filter            IIR Digital Filter
IIR Digital Filter
• Storage Requirements 
g q • Storage Requirements 
g q
& Arithmetic operation  & Arithmetic operation 
is more here. is less.
• Greater Flexibility to 
l bl • Less Flexibility to 
l bl
control the shape of  control the shape of 
their Magnitude
their Magnitude  their Magnitude
their Magnitude 
response & Realization  response.
Efficiency. • Often  derived from 
analog filters
Various other window functions
Various other window functions
Comparative Study for Trade Off between Attenuation of 
Sidelobes & Transition Width of main Lobe.
FIR Filter Design: Rectangular Window
FIR Filter Design: Rectangular Window 

• Let w(n)
Let w(n)=Rectangular
Rectangular Window Function,
Window Function,
• Where  
• w(n)=1  
w(n)=1 0≤ n ≤ M‐1
0≤ n ≤ M‐1

hd(n)=Infinite
hd(n) Infinite Input Sequence(Arbitrary),&
Input Sequence(Arbitrary),&

h(n)=Finite Truncated Impulse Response.
h(n)=Finite Truncated Impulse Response
Then
h( ) hd( ) × w(n)
h(n)=hd(n) × ( )
Gibbs Phenomenon:Ringing Effect/Oscillatory Behaviour due to 
Sidelobes(generated owing to the sharp cut off/abrupt discontinuity) in the
Sidelobes(generated owing to the sharp cut‐off/abrupt discontinuity) in the 
Frequency Response of the window Function

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