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Appendix D
PILE CAP
D.1 Load Analysis
D.2 Section Design
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D.1 LOAD ANALYSIS

 Ultimate Load

Load act on pile cap:

Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Code P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
Selfweight Dead Load MS 14806 0 0 -8131 0
Superimposed Dead Load MA 470 0 0 0 0
Soil Pressure TA 0 2301 0 4243 0
Lane Load "D" TD 3217 0 0 0 0
Pedestrian Load TP 150 0 0 0 0
Break Force TB 0 373 39 2579 271
Temperature EUn 0 34 4 102 11
Wind Load on structure EWs 0 0 209 0 973
Wind Load on vehicle EWL 0 0 22 0 151
Earthquake Load EQ 0 5576 3809 20084 13718
Dynamic Soil Pressure EQ 0 661 0 2254 0
Friction FB 0 1364 143 4160 437
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 Load Combination (factored)

STRENGTH - I
Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Code P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
Selfweight Dead Load 1.50 22208.9 0.0 0.0 -12197.0 0.0 MS
Superimposed Dead Load 2.00 939.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MA
Soil Pressure 1.25 0.0 2875.9 0.0 5304.3 0.0 TA
Lane Load "D" 1.80 5790.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TD
Pedestrian Load 1.80 270.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TP
Break Force 1.80 0.0 671.3 70.6 4642.1 487.9 TB
Temperature 0.50 0.0 16.8 1.8 51.2 5.4 EUn
Wind Load on structure - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EWs
Wind Load on vehicle - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EWL
Earthquake Load - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Dynamic Soil Pressure - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Friction 1.00 0.0 1364.0 143.4 4160.3 437.3 FB
29208.2 4928.0 215.7 1960.8 930.5

STRENGTH - III
Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Code P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
Selfweight Dead Load 1.30 19247.7 0.0 0.0 -10570.7 0.0 MS
Superimposed Dead Load 2.00 939.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MA
Soil Pressure 1.25 0.0 2875.9 0.0 5304.3 0.0 TA
Lane Load "D" - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TD
Pedestrian Load - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TP
Break Force - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TB
Temperature 0.50 0.0 16.8 1.8 51.2 5.4 EUn
Wind Load on structure 1.40 0.0 0.0 292.8 0.0 1361.7 EWs
Wind Load on vehicle - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EWL
Earthquake Load - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Dynamic Soil Pressure - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Friction 1.00 0.0 1364.0 143.4 4160.3 437.3 FB
20187.0 4256.7 438.0 -1055.0 1804.3
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STRENGTH - V
Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Code P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
Selfweight Dead Load 1.30 19247.7 0.0 0.0 -10570.7 0.0 MS
Superimposed Dead Load 2.00 939.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MA
Soil Pressure 1.25 0.0 2875.9 0.0 5304.3 0.0 TA
Lane Load "D" - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TD
Pedestrian Load - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TP
Break Force - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TB
Temperature 0.50 0.0 16.8 1.8 51.2 5.4 EUn
Wind Load on structure 0.40 0.0 0.0 83.7 0.0 389.1 EWs
Wind Load on vehicle 1.00 0.0 0.0 21.9 0.0 151.4 EWL
Earthquake Load - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Dynamic Soil Pressure - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Friction 1.00 0.0 1364.0 143.4 4160.3 437.3 FB
20187.0 4256.7 250.7 -1055.0 983.1

EXTREME - I
Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Code P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
Selfweight Dead Load 1.30 19247.7 0.0 0.0 -10570.7 0.0 MS
Superimposed Dead Load 2.00 939.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MA
Soil Pressure 1.25 0.0 2875.9 0.0 5304.3 0.0 TA
Lane Load "D" 0.50 1608.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TD
Pedestrian Load 0.50 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TP
Break Force 0.50 0.0 186.5 19.6 1289.5 135.5 TB
Temperature - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EUn
Wind Load on structure - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EWs
Wind Load on vehicle - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EWL
Earthquake Load 1.00 0.0 5576.3 3808.7 20084.3 13718.0 EQ
Dynamic Soil Pressure 1.00 0.0 661.1 0.0 2254.3 0.0 EQ
Friction 1.00 0.0 1364.0 143.4 4160.3 437.3 FB
21870.3 10663.8 3971.7 22521.9 14290.8

SERVICE LOAD - I
Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Code P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
Selfweight Dead Load 1.00 14805.9 0.0 0.0 -8131.3 0.0 MS
Superimposed Dead Load 1.00 469.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MA
Soil Pressure 1.00 0.0 2300.7 0.0 4243.4 0.0 TA
Lane Load "D" 1.00 3216.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TD
Pedestrian Load 1.00 150.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TP
Break Force 1.00 0.0 372.9 39.2 2578.9 271.1 TB
Temperature 1.00 0.0 33.6 3.5 102.4 10.8 EUn
Wind Load on structure 0.30 0.0 0.0 62.8 0.0 291.8 EWs
Wind Load on vehicle 1.00 0.0 0.0 21.9 0.0 151.4 EWL
Earthquake Load - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Dynamic Soil Pressure - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EQ
Friction 1.00 0.0 1364.0 143.4 4160.3 437.3 FB
18642.3 4071.2 270.7 2953.7 1162.3
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SUMMARY OF LOAD COMBINATION FOR ULTIMATE STRESS DESIGN

Vertical Horizontal Moment
Load Combination P Tx Ty Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
STRENGTH - I 29208 4928 216 1961 931
STRENGTH - III 20187 4257 438 -1055 1804
STRENGTH - V 20187 4257 251 -1055 983
EXTREME - I 33% 21870 10664 3972 22522 14291
SERVICE LOAD - I 18642 4071 271 2954 1162

 Pile reaction (factored) in X-direction

STRENGTH - I P= 29208 kN Mx = 1961 kNm
2
Pile No Xi ∑Xi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 1.25 22 14 2198 1974 1627 1461
2 1.25 22 14 2198 1974 1627 1461
3 1.25 22 14 2198 1974 1627 1461
4 1.25 22 14 2198 1974 1627 1461
5 1.25 22 14 2198 1974 1627 1461
6 0 22 14 2086 2086 -1064 -1064
7 0 22 14 2086 2086 -1064 -1064
8 0 22 14 2086 2086 -1064 -1064
9 0 22 14 2086 2086 -1064 -1064
19337 18216 3878 3049

STRENGTH - III P= 20187 kN Mx = -1055 kNm

2
Pile No Xi ∑Xi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
2 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
3 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
4 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
5 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
6 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
7 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
8 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
9 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
12676 13279 2171 2617
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STRENGTH - V P= 20187 kN Mx = -1055 kNm

Pile No Xi ∑Xi2 n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
2 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
3 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
4 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
5 1.25 22 14 1382 1502 1022 1112
6 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
7 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
8 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
9 0 22 14 1442 1442 -735 -735
12676 13279 2171 2617

EXTREME - I P= 21870 kN Mx = 22522 kNm

2
Pile No Xi ∑Xi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 1.25 22 14 2849 275 2108 204
2 1.25 22 14 2849 275 2108 204
3 1.25 22 14 2849 275 2108 204
4 1.25 22 14 2849 275 2108 204
5 1.25 22 14 2849 275 2108 204
6 0 22 14 1562 1562 -797 -797
7 0 22 14 1562 1562 -797 -797
8 0 22 14 1562 1562 -797 -797
9 0 22 14 1562 1562 -797 -797
20494 7625 7355 -2169

SERVICE LOAD - I P= 18642 kN Mx = 2954 kNm

2
Pile No Xi ∑Xi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 1.25 22 14 1500 1163 1110 860
2 1.25 22 14 1500 1163 1110 860
3 1.25 22 14 1500 1163 1110 860
4 1.25 22 14 1500 1163 1110 860
5 1.25 22 14 1500 1163 1110 860
6 0 22 14 1332 1332 -679 -679
7 0 22 14 1332 1332 -679 -679
8 0 22 14 1332 1332 -679 -679
9 0 22 14 1332 1332 -679 -679
12828 11140 2835 1586

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 Pile reaction (factored) in Y-direction

STRENGTH - I P= 29208 kN My = 931 kNm
Pile No Yi ∑yi2 n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 10.2 647 14 2101 2072 21430 21131
2 6.8 647 14 2096 2077 14253 14120
3 3.4 647 14 2091 2081 7110 7077
4 0 647 14 2086 2086 0 0
5 -3.4 647 14 2081 2091 -7077 -7110
6 3.4 647 14 2091 2081 7110 7077
7 0 647 14 2086 2086 0 0
8 -3.4 647 14 2081 2091 -7077 -7110
9 -6.8 647 14 2077 2096 -14120 -14253
10 -10.2 647 14 2072 2101 -21131 -21430
20863 20863 499 -499

STRENGTH - III P= 20187 kN My = 1804 kNm

Pile No Yi ∑yi2 n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 10.2 647 14 1470 1413 14998 14418
2 6.8 647 14 1461 1423 9934 9676
3 3.4 647 14 1451 1432 4935 4870
4 0 647 14 1442 1442 0 0
5 -3.4 647 14 1432 1451 -4870 -4935
6 3.4 647 14 1451 1432 4935 4870
7 0 647 14 1442 1442 0 0
8 -3.4 647 14 1432 1451 -4870 -4935
9 -6.8 647 14 1423 1461 -9676 -9934
10 -10.2 647 14 1413 1470 -14418 -14998
14419 14419 967 -967

STRENGTH - V P= 20187 kN Mx = 983 kNm

2
Pile No Yi ∑yi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 10.2 647 14 1457 1426 14866 14550
2 6.8 647 14 1452 1432 9875 9735
3 3.4 647 14 1447 1437 4920 4885
4 0 647 14 1442 1442 0 0
5 -3.4 647 14 1437 1447 -4885 -4920
6 3.4 647 14 1447 1437 4920 4885
7 0 647 14 1442 1442 0 0
8 -3.4 647 14 1437 1447 -4885 -4920
9 -6.8 647 14 1432 1452 -9735 -9875
10 -10.2 647 14 1426 1457 -14550 -14866
14419 14419 527 -527
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EXTREME - I P= 21870 kN Mx = 14291 kNm

2
Pile No Yi ∑yi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 10.2 647 14 1787 1337 18231 13637
2 6.8 647 14 1712 1412 11644 9602
3 3.4 647 14 1637 1487 5567 5056
4 0 647 14 1562 1562 0 0
5 -3.4 647 14 1487 1637 -5056 -5567
6 3.4 647 14 1637 1487 5567 5056
7 0 647 14 1562 1562 0 0
8 -3.4 647 14 1487 1637 -5056 -5567
9 -6.8 647 14 1412 1712 -9602 -11644
10 -10.2 647 14 1337 1787 -13637 -18231
15622 15622 7656 -7656

SERVICE LOAD - I P= 18642 kN Mx = 1162 kNm

2
Pile No Yi ∑yi n Pmax Pmin Mmax Mmin
1 10.2 647 14 1350 1313 13769 13395
2 6.8 647 14 1344 1319 9138 8972
3 3.4 647 14 1338 1325 4548 4507
4 0 647 14 1332 1332 0 0
5 -3.4 647 14 1325 1338 -4507 -4548
6 3.4 647 14 1338 1325 4548 4507
7 0 647 14 1332 1332 0 0
8 -3.4 647 14 1325 1338 -4507 -4548
9 -6.8 647 14 1319 1344 -8972 -9138
10 -10.2 647 14 1313 1350 -13395 -13769
13316 13316 623 -623

X-direction Y-direction
Shear Moment Shear Moment
Load Combination ∑P ∑Mx max ∑Mx min ∑P ∑My max ∑Mymin
(kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
STRENGTH - I 19337 3878 3049 20863 499 -499
STRENGTH - III 12676 2171 2617 14419 967 -967
STRENGTH - V 12676 2171 2617 14419 527 -527
EXTREME - I 33% 20494 7355 -2169 15622 7656 -7656
SERVICE LOAD - I 12828 2835 1586 13316 623 -623
20494 7355 -2169 20863 7656 -7656
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 Maximum Ultimate Pile reaction (factored)

Maximum and minimum reaction of piles (Ultimate Load);

2 2
Pmax = P/n + Mx * Xmax/ ∑X or Pmax = P/n + My * Ymax/ ∑y
2 2
Pmin = P/n - Mx * Xmax/ ∑X or Pmin = P/n - My * ymax/ ∑y
Hmax = max (Tx / n; Ty/n)
n= 14

Pile Reaction in X-direction

Pmax Pmin Hx
Load Combination
(kN) (kN)
STRENGTH - I 2198 1974 352
STRENGTH - III 1442 1442 304
STRENGTH - V 1442 1442 304
EXTREME - I 33% 2849 1442 762
SERVICE LOAD - I 1500 1163 291
2849 1163 762

Maximum and minimum reaction of piles (Ultimate Load);

Pmax = P/n + Mx * Xmax/ ∑X2 or Pmax = P/n + My * Ymax/ ∑y2

Pmin = P/n - Mx * Xmax/ ∑X2 or Pmin = P/n - My * ymax/ ∑y2
Hmax = max (Tx / n; Ty/n)
n= 18

Pile Reaction in Y-direction

Pmax Pmin Hy
Load Combination
(kN) (kN)
STRENGTH - I 2101 2072 15
STRENGTH - III 1470 1413 31
STRENGTH - V 1457 1426 18
EXTREME - I 33% 1787 1337 284
SERVICE LOAD - I 1350 1313 19
2101 1313 284
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D.2 SECTION DESIGN

Shear and moment on pile cap

Size (m) Vol Unit Weight Arm Moment
No weight
b h L shape (m3) (kN) xw (kNm)
(kN/m3)
w1 1.85 0.8 22 1 32.56 25 814 0.925 752.95
w2 1.85 0.3 22 0.5 6.105 25 152.625 0.61667 94.1188
Vs = 966.625 Ms = 847.069

K = 1.3
Ultimate Moment due to pile cap,
Mus = K * Ms = 1101.189375 kNm (clockwise)
Ultimate shear due to pile cap weight,
Vus = K * Vs = 1256.6125 kN

Shear and moment due to piles reaction

Ultimate Moment due to piles reaction
Mup = 7355 kNm (counter-clockwise)
Ultimate Shear due to piles reaction
Vup = 20494 kN

Design shear and moment of pile-cap

Ultimate Moment (Mu = Mup - Mus)
Mu = 6254 kNm
or Mu / L = 284 kNm/m
Ultimate Shear (Vu = Vup - Vus)
Vu = 19238 kN
or Vu / L = 874 kN/m