IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

A Buck-Boost Converter through an Induction

Motor with Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter
for Non Conventional Energy Sources
Rajyalakshmi.P.1, Dr.Praveen.V.2
1
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and Science, Kavali
2
Associate Professor, Department of EEE, PSCMR College of Engineering & Technology, Vijayawada

ABSTRACT
An immediate improvement of environmentally friendly energy system calls for a new topology of high gain buck-boost
converters with high performance and a small charge. So in this paper, Hybrid Boosting Converter (HBC) is used. The main
purpose of HBC is to increase the gain and control capacity from its HBC design. A new HBC converter needs a bipolar
multiplier, an inductor, a single switch, great gain functionality with an extensive regulation selection. In the single solar
power system is used. This paper is discussed with the low element tension, smaller output voltage ripples and versatile
expansion, which makes it suitable for a solar power system and environmentally friendly energy sources. The performance of
this HBC converter is tested with an induction motor and diode-clamped multilevel inverter. The recommended method is
designed and outcomes are acquired by working with Matlab/Simulink software.
Keywords: Hybrid Buck-Boost Converter, Voltage Multiplier, Environmentally Friendly Energy Sources, Induction Motor,
Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter, Matlab /Simulink.

1. Introduction
Since thousands of year’s most of the people are utilizing sun energy, temperature from the sun and growing light. A
solar energy system consists of solar PVs, solar thermal electricity and sun heating. These systems can create an
extensive advantage in of handling some of the most critical energy problems in the entire world now encounters. In
current decades, the immediate growth of an alternative power technique calls for a new creation of excessive gain of
buck-boost converter with high performance and lower price. The top end of plug and play of a PV system completely
needs step- up converter which is ready to increase the volts from 50 to 760 volts with control capacity because of its
lower terminal voltage. In order to obtain a great voltage transformation ratio with an excessive performance, various
forms of high gain improvement methods were researched in the past publications between them, switched capacitor
construction[2][3], coupled inductor based procedure[4][5], transformer dependent method[6][7], voltage multiplier
framework or mixtures of them, attracted major interests. In every single method we are having its own individual
special benefits and restrictions. The switched capacitor buck boost converter reaches an excessive performance but it
has an inadequate regulation capacity and pulsating current with a gain improvement technology is based on the
adjustment of standard boost converter on maintaining an individual inductor and a single switch, because of the
reduction in the circuit style, cost and high gain applications.

The concept of gain improving from a boost converter began from quadratic boost. It is obtained higher voltage gain
with a single switch with high performance and low element. Several varieties of obtaining expansion programs are
involving with boost converter by including only diodes and capacitors were researched earlier. The strategy of mixing
in boost converter with conventional, Dickson multiplier and Cockcroft-Walton multiplier to make new topologies were
proposed in like as topologies in Fig (1a) & (1b). To decrease the current pulsation in [17] the circuit air core inductor
with voltage multiplier is used. A simple circuit using the super lift technique was suggested in [18] and prolonged to
higher gain applications such as Fig (1c). It is equivalent of negative output topology and dual results topologies were
recommended and mentioned in [17] & [1]. The concept of multilevel increasing converters was searched in [3] and
the topology of Fig (1d) was given as midpoint of the converter. . A new hybrid boost converter (HBC) with a single An
Inductor and single switch is given to a bipolar voltage and also compared with the converter in Fig (1d). In this case,
the converter has a lower swell with the high voltage gain. This structure is as Follows in section II. It gives the

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 1

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

common topology of primary HBC and covers the operating principle.Section III offers the suggested topology which is
a diode clamped multiplier which increases the voltage values. The second order HBC is shown as in Fig (1h). As
opposed with the other stated topologies in Fig (I). This converter reduces the voltage ranking of the output filter of the
capacitor and displays the dynamics of the interleaving multi level inverter [14].Segment IV provides the asynchronous
motor where the diode- clamped multilevel inverter is fed.

2. Present Standard HBC Topology and its Basic Principle

The HBC is displayed as shown in Fig (1.2). There are two types of HBC those are odd- order HBC and even order
HBC as shown in Fig (1.2a) & (1.2b). The even order topology combines the feedback source as a part of the output
voltage, which brings to a high element use for rate with respect to similar voltage gain [13]. Even so, they promote
equivalent characteristics.

2.1. Basic Principle of HBC

Based on the simplification the operating principle of HBC is discussed in the earlier section. A normal
even order HBC is shown in Fig (1.2b). An equivalent circuit is shown in Fig (1.3). The assessment of topology shows
that the two sub circuits. The total output voltage of the HBC is the sum of three operation states as shown in Fig (1.1).

2.1.1. State 1[0, DTs]: In Fig. 1.1(a), switch S will be turned on and diodes D1a, D2a perform although the diodes D2b
and D1b are reversely biased. The inductor L is energized by the feedback source. At the same time, capacitor C2a is
energized by input source and capacitor C1b is energized by capacitor C1a. At this time period, the subsequent equations
can be produced dependent on the inductive switching core analysis:

VAO+=Vin----------(1)
VOB=0 --------------(2)

2.1.2.State 2[DTs,(D + D1)Ts]:As demonstrated in Fig. 1.1(b), when switch S is switched off, the inductor current will
freewheel by means of diodes D2aand D1a.The inductor is shared by two charging boost loops. In the major cycle,
capacitor C1ais delivering energy to capacitor C2a and load at the same time. In the bottom cycle, feedback source
charges capacitor C1b through the inductor L. Throughout this time period, voltage is is produced at AO and OB is
expressed in terms of an inductor balance principal:
VAO+ =- Vin D/ D1 --------- (3)
VOB+=Vin(D+D1)/ D1-------- (4)

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 2

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

Fig. 1.0 Previous high-gain dc–dc converters with single-switch single-inductor and proposed topology. (1a) Boost +
Dickson multiplier, (1b) Boost +Cockcroft–Walton multiplier, (1c) super lift with an elementary circuit,
(1d) central source multilevel boost converter, (1e) Cuk derived, (1f) Zeta derived, 1(g) modified voltage lifter,
and (1h) proposed second-order HBC
2.1.3. State 3[(D + D1) Ts, Ts]: Under specific conditions, the circuit will perform under DCM operation mode;
therefore the third state in Fig. 1.1(c) is attractive. At this condition, the switch S is maintained at off position. The
inductor current has decreased to zero and all the diodes were plugged. The capacitor C2a and C2a are connected in
series with the feedback source to the load [12]. For the duration of this time period voltage is produced at port AO is
zero. A model of 50v to 760v of second order HBC requirements are displayed in the table.As the load varies
progressively we see the performance of hybrid boost converter.In this case,we get a maximum performance value is
95.44%.

2.1.2. Parameters for HBC topology

TABLE1. Simulation Values for Buck converter

Mosfet S 250 V/40 A, 29 mΩ(IRFP4330)
Inductor L 700 μH
Diode D1a, D2a, 200 V/20 A,VF=0.78 V(STH2002C)
D1b,D2b
Capacitor C1a, C2a, C1b, 250 V/100 μF, An Electrolytic
C2b Capacitor
Switching fs 50 kHz
frequency

In above table gives the parameters of hybrid boost converter topology. In this case the switching frequency is 50khz ,
Inductor value is 700 μH and electrolytic capacitor is used in this topology. The main purpose of inductor is to store the
energy in the circuit.

Fig.1.1. Three operation states. (a) State 1[0, DTs]. (b) State 2[DTs, (D + D1) Ts].(c) State 3[(D + D1)Ts, Ts].

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 3

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

Fig1.2. Basic HBC topology. (a) Odd-order HBC. (b) Even-order HBC

The HBC is shown in Fig. 1.2. There are two versions of HBC, odd-order HBC and even-order HBC as shown in Fig.
1.2(a) and (b). The even-order topology integrates the input source as part of the output voltage, leading to a higher
components utilization rate with respect to the same voltage gain. However, they share similar other characteristics and
circuit analysis method. If the numbers of diodes are odd then it is said to be odd order HBC. While, the
number of diodes are even in number then it is said to be even order HBC.

Fig. 1.3.Equivalent even-order HBC

3. RESULTS

3.1.1. Simulation Results for Actual Concept

Fig 1.4.A Simulation model for HBC topology

An actual concept of simulation circuit is made up of four diodes, one single switch, four capacitors, one switch which
is Mosfet and a single inductor. The dc source is connected in series with the two capacitors and load is resistive. l
output diagrams of the above topology as shown in below figures.

Fig1.5. The Input voltage of HBC

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 4

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

The above figure represents the input voltage of the hybrid boost converter which is at 50volts.The diode voltages are
shown in below figure.

Fig 1.6.Voltage across diodes of HBC

The voltage across the diodes of HBC is shown in above figure. In this case voltages are displayed at below 200 volts.

Fig 1.7. Voltage across capacitors of HBC

In the above circuit consisting of two voltage sources and two capacitors are connected in parallel to the voltage sources
and these voltage sources are as shown in below figure. In this case the capacitor voltage values are displayed at above
200 volts.

Fig 1.8.A simulation model of HBC with the output voltage

Fig 1.9.A simulation model of HBC with the voltage across capacitors

4. PROPOSED CONCEPT

4.1. Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter

The advantage of the diode-clamped inverter is to decreasing the stress and other power electronic equipment because
that it provides a restricted quantity of voltage. This kind of inverters gives the higher performance and it is an easy
technique of the back to back power exchange system.

4.2. Three Level Diode Clamped Inverter

The diode clamped multilevel inverter uses capacitors, in series to separate up the direct source voltage into a fixed
voltage ranges. Each multilevel inverter requires (m-1) capacitors on the bus voltage. A three-phase three-level inverter
is shown in Fig (2.0).

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 5

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

Fig. 2.0.Schematic diagram of 3-level Diode Clamped Multi-Level Inverter

In this model the two series capacitors (c1&c2) are connected to across the voltage source and this leg of the voltage
source is connected to the three -level inverters. The middle point of the two capacitors is called as neutral point (n).
The diodes D1& D2 are connected to the switches with 50% of the direct current bus voltage.
A diode clamped multilevel inverter is regarded as a style of a multiplexer that links with the outcomes to one of the
accessible nodes even though main diodes have the same voltage status as primary energy systems, significantly more
affordable current rating is permitted for the three-phase diode-clamped multilevel inverter. The main purpose of
capacitors are used in this model is to separate out the higher order harmonics only the three phase multilevel inverter
and similarly to cancel out the lower order elements on every single power device block.

5. ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
An induction motor is also called an asynchronous motor. Basically an asynchronous motor is an alternating current
device; this device is also named as an alternating current motor. This motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy and an asynchronous motor having both stator and rotor. Stator is the stationary part and rotor is the rotating
part. This rotor produces some amount of torque. An asynchronous motor is based on the electromagnetic induction
principle. There are no electrical connections to the rotor. Asynchronous motor based on the rotors deign those are
classified into two types one is squirrel cage rotor and another one is slip ring induction motor. These motors are only
suitable for industrial applications.

Fig. 2.1. Schematic diagram of an asynchronous motor

5.1. Speed Control Methods of Asynchronous Motor

A three-phase asynchronous motor is generally a constant speed motor. So it’s considerably complicated to manage its
speed. To control the speed of an induction motor we having different speed control techniques. First of all, we should
know the basic formulas of speed and torque in three- phase alternating current machines depends on the number of
poles and frequency of the system.

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 6

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

Synchronous speed
NS=120f/ P -------------(5)
Where f = frequency and P is the number of poles
The speed of induction motor is given by,
N=Ns(1-S) ----------- (6)
Where N is the speed of the rotor ,
Ns is the synchronous speed,
S is the slip.
The torque produced by three phase induction motor is given by,

--------- (7)
When the rotor is stand still then slip value must be equal to one.
When s=1 then the torque equation of an induction motor is given by

-------- (8)
Where E2 is the rotor emf
Ns is the synchronous speed
R2 is the rotor resistance
X2 is the rotor inductive reactance

5.1.1. Speed Control Methods of Asynchronous Motor with Stator Side

In the stator side we are having four control methods.

5.1.2.V/f control method- it is based on synchronous speed formula

i.e. NS=120f/ P -------------(9)
And an emf equation of an induction motor is similar to that of a transformer.
E=4.44KTf--------------- (10)
Where K is constant, T is number of turns in the winding.
In v/f control method, if we change the frequency of then automatically synchronous speed changes but decreases in the
flux and this change of flux causes a saturation of rotor and stator core setups the current value in the motor. So it is
important to maintain a constant flux value in the motor and it is only possible if we change voltage value in the circuit
i.e., we reduce the frequency then flux increases then automatically voltage is also reduced i.e. voltage flux will also
decreases causing no change in flux. Hence it remains constant. Therefore this method is called as v/f control method.

5.1.3. Controlling the supply voltage

The torque produced by running three phase induction motor is given by
T= s E22 R2/ R22+ (Sx22) ------ (11)
During low slip region (SX2)2 terms are very small and this term is also negligible.
T∝ s E22 / R2---------- (12)
Since rotor resistance, R2 is constant hence the torque equation also becomes as
T∝s E22 -------------- (13)
We know that rotor emf is directly proportional to the voltage
E2 ∝ V ------------------- (14)
So, T ∝ sV2------------- (15)
From above equation we are reducing the voltage then torque value is also reduced. So this method is rarely used.

5.1.4. Changing the number of stator poles

The stator poles can be changed by two methods (a) multiple stator winding method. (b)Pole amplitude modulation
method (PAM)

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 7

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

5.1.4.1. Multiple stators winding method- In this method of speed control of three -phase induction motor ,
the stator is provided by two separate winding. These two stator windings are electrically isolated from each other and
are wound for two different pole numbers. Using a switching arrangement, at a time, supply is given to one winding
only and hence speed control is possible. Disadvantages of this method are that the smooth speed control is not
possible.

5.1.4.2Pole amplitude modulation method (PAM) – In this method of speed control of three phase
induction motor the original sinusoidal mmf wave is modulated by another sinusoidal mmf wave having a different
number of poles.
Let f1 (θ) be the original mmf wave of an induction motor whose speed is to be controlled.
f2 (θ) be the modulation mmf wave.
P1 be the number of poles of induction motor whose speed is to be controlled.
P2 be the number of poles of modulation wave.

----- (16)
After modulation resultant mmf wave

So we get, resultant mmf wave

Therefore, the resultant mmf wave will have two different numbers of poles
P11=P1- PA and P12=P1+P2--- (17)
Therefore, by changing the number of poles we can easily change the speed of three phase induction motor.

5.5. Adding rheostat in the stator circuit- In this method of speed control of three-phase induction
motor rheostat is added in the stator circuit due to this voltage gets dropped .In the case of three- phase induction motor
torque produced is given by T ∝ sV22. If we decrease supply voltage torque will also decrease. But for supplying the
same load the torque must remain the same and it is only possible if we increase the slip and if the slip increase motor
will run reduced speed. The reduction in stator voltages causes reduction in speed.

6. Speed Control Methods from Rotor Side

6.1. Adding external resistance on the rotor side- In this case, the external resistance is added to the rotor
side. Therefore the torque equation for an induction motor is
T=S E22 R2 / R22+ (Sx22) ----- (18)
By using torque-slip characteristics concept the torque equation is given by
T∝ S/ R2------------------------- (19)
Once the slip vale increases in the circuit then R2 value and torque value is reduced. Drawbacks of this method is
1. Above rated speed is not possible.
2. Large speed requires large value of resistance and if such large value of resistance is added in the circuit it will
cause large copper losses and hence a reduction in performance.
3. This method is not possible for cage rotors.

6.2. Cascaded control method- In this method having two three-phase induction motors. These two induction
motors are connected a common shaft so it is called as cascade control induction motor. This motor is consisting of
both auxiliary and main windings. When 3- phase alternating current supply is given to the stator winding while the
auxiliary motor is derived at a slip frequency from the slip ring of the main motor.

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 8

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

Let NS1 be the synchronous speed of main motor.

NS2 be the synchronous speed of an auxiliary motor.
P1 be the number of poles of the main motor.
P2 be the number of poles of the auxiliary motor.
F is the supply frequency.
F1 is the frequency of rotor induced an emf of main motor.
N is the speed of set and it remains same for both the main and auxiliary motor as both the motors are mounted on
common shaft.
S1 is the slip of the main motor.
S1=Ns1-N / Ns1& F1=SF --------------- (20)
From above equation we can say that frequency of rotor induced emf F1=SF
When the auxiliary motor is supplied with the same frequency as the main motor then slip=1
F1=F------- (21) & F1=F2& Ns2=120F2/ P2 =120F1/ P2
Now put the value of S1 in above equation
S1=Ns1- N / Ns2 ------ (23)
We get,
Ns2= 120 F (Ns-N)/ P2Ns1
At no load, the speed of the auxiliary rotor is almost same as its synchronous speed i.e.
N = NS2& Ns2= 120F (Ns-N)/ P2Ns1----- (24)
Now rearrange the above equation and find out the value of N we get
N=120F/ P1-P2----- (25)
This cascaded set of two motors will now run at new speed having a number of poles (P1 + P2). In the above method the
torque produced by the main and auxiliary motor will act in same direction, resulting in a number of poles (P1 + P2).
Such type of cascading is called cumulative cascading. There is one more type of cascading in which the torque
produced by the main motor is in opposite direction to that of auxiliary motor. Such type of cascading is called
differential cascading; resulting in speed corresponds to a number of poles (P1 – P2).
In this method of speed control of three-phase induction motor, four different speeds can be obtained E. When only
main induction motor work, having speed corresponds to
NS1 = 120 F / P1F ------------------ (26)
When only auxiliary induction motor work, having speed corresponds to
NS2 = 120 F / P2 ------------------------------ (27)
When cumulative cascading is done, and then the complete set runs at a speed of
N = 120F / (P1 + P2) --------------------- (28)
When differential cascading is done, and then the complete set runs at a speed of
N = 120F / (P1 – P2) ------------------- (29)

6.3. Injecting slip frequency EMF into rotor side- When the speed control of three phase induction
motor is done by adding resistance in rotor circuit, some part of power called, the slip power is lost as I2R losses.
Therefore the efficiency of three phase induction motor is reduced by this method of speed control.
This slip power loss can be recovered and supplied back in order to improve the overall efficiency of three phase
induction motor and this scheme of recovering the power is called slip power recovery scheme and this is done by
connecting an external source of emf of slip frequency to the rotor circuit. The injected emf can either oppose the rotor
induced emf or aids the rotor induced emf. If it oppose the rotor induced emf, the total rotor resistance increases and
hence speeds decreases and if the injected emf aids the main rotor emf the total resistance decreases and hence speed
increases. Therefore by injecting induced emf in rotor circuit the speed can be easily controlled. The main advantage of
this type of speed control of three- phase induction motor is that wide range of speed control is possible whether it’s
above normal or below normal speed.

7. SIMULATION RESULTS
In order to check out that the HBC is given to the induction motor by working with the diode clamped multilevel
inverter and without the need of any results in the induction motor properties, simulation outcomes are shown in
figures.

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 9

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

Fig2.2. Simulink diagram for HBC converter with an induction motor

Fig 2.3. Sub- circuit of HBC converter with an induction motor

Fig 2.4. Phase voltages of an induction motor

Fig 2. 5. Induction motor characteristics

In above figure the induction motor speed characteristics are gradually increased from 0 to 1500 rpm and the current is
produced at 20 amperes.

8. CONCLUSION

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 10

 IPASJ International Journal of Electrical Engineering (IIJEE)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEE/IIJEE.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijee@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 ISSN 2321-600X

An HBC is made up of an inductive switching core and this converter has the group of benefits of the obtain increasing
strategy from the voltage multiplier and volts control capability, extensive control variety, low equipment pressure,
small output swells, versatile gain extendable, and this converter by providing an induction motor and the speed, stator
current and torque characteristics are observed without any effects.

9. FUTURE SCOPE
This can be extended to the other types of motors for various renewable energy sources and also extended to a fuzzy
logic controller.

References
[1] W. Chen, A. Q. Huang, C. Li, G. Wang, and W. Gu, “Analysis and comparison of medium voltage high power
DC/DC converters for offshore wind energy systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2014–
2023, Apr. 2013.
[2] J. A. Starzyk, “A DC-DC charge pump design based on voltage doublers,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I
Fundamental. Theory Appl., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 350–359, Mar. 2001.
[3] . L. Luo and H. Ye, “Positive output multiple-lift push–pull switched capacitor luo -converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 594–602, Jun. 2004.
[4] N. Vazquez, L. Estrada, C. Hernandez, and E. Rodriguez, “The tapped inductor boost converter,” in Proc. IEEE
Int. Symp. Ind. Electron ., Jun. 2007, pp. 538–543.
[5] R. Wai, C. Lin, R. Duan, and Y. Chang, “High-efficiency DC-DC converter with high voltage gain and reduced
switch stress,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 354–364, Feb. 2007.
[6] J. Lee, T. Liang, and J. Chen, “Isolated coupled-inductor-integrated DC–DCconverter with non dissipative
snubber for solar energy applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3337–3348, Jul. 2014.
[7] M. Delshad and H. Farzanehfard, “High step-up zero-voltage switching current-fed isolated pulse width
modulation DC–DC converter,” IET Power Electron., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 316–322, Mar. 2011.
[8] A. Lamantia, P. G. Maranesi, and L. Radrizzani, “Small-signal model of the Cockcroft-Walton voltage
multiplier,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 18–25, Jan. 1994.
[9] P. Lin and L. Chua, “Topological generation and analysis of voltage multiplier circuits,” IEEE Trans. Circuits
Syst., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 517–530, Oct. 1977.
[10] K.-C. Tseng, C.-C. Huang, and W.-Y. Shih, “A high step-up converter with a voltage multiplier module for a
photovoltaic system,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 3047–3057, Jun. 2013.
[11] W. Li, W. Li, X. Xiang, Y. Hu, and X. He, “High step-up interleaved converter with built-in transformer voltage
multiplier cells for sustainable energy applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2829–2836,
Jun. 2014.
[12] X. Hu and C. Gong, “A high voltage gain DC–DC converter integrating coupled-inductor and diode–capacitor
techniques,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 789–800, Feb. 2014.
[13] D. Cao and F. Z. Peng, “A family of zero current switching switched capacitor dc-dc converters,” in Proc. 25th
Annu. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., Feb. 2010, pp. 1365–1372.
[14] J. Yao, A. Abramovitz, and K. Smedley, “Steep gain bi-directional converter with a regenerative snubber ,” IEEE
Trans. Power Electron., vol. 8993, no. c, p. 1, 2015.
[15] D. Maksimovic and S. Cuk, “Switching converters with wide DC conversion range,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 151–157, Jan. 1991.
[16] B. Axelrod, G. Golan, Y. Berkovich, and A. Shenkman, “Diode–capacitor voltage multipliers combined with
boost-converters: Topologies and characteristics,” IET Power Electron., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 873–884, Jul. 2012.
[17] M. Prudente, L. L. Pfitscher, G. Emmendoerfer, E. F. Romanelli, and R. Gules, “Voltage multiplier cells applied
to converters, non-isolated DC–DC,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 871–887, Mar. 2008.

Volume 6, Issue 12, December 2018 Page 11