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Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Chemistry
(CHEM 50)
First Semester 2017 – 2018

Course Topic: Methods of Essential Oil Extraction

Course Activity: Laboratory Activity No. 2

Name of Students: Allauigan, Maria Louiza Victoria A.

Capili, Rochelle A.
Doquilo, Kimberly C.
Omnes, Preciously U.
Palay, Kryztle Candice A.
Tamma, John Joseph

Program: BS ChE

Year Level: 3rd

Date Submitted: December 21, 2017

Instructor: Engr. LEONARD AGANA Rating: ________

Date Checked: ________

 Table of contents

I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

II. Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

III. Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

IV. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

A. Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

B. Extraction Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

V. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

VI. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

VII. Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

VIII. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I. Introduction
Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from natural
sources. They could also be termed as volatile oils, ethereal oils and aertherolea. They are classified
into alcohols and phenols, aldehydes and acetones, esters and ethers and hydrocarbons. Each of
these oils are made up of a wide variety of functional chemical constituents that give each oil its
unique aroma and beneficial properties. They had poor solubility to water.
They are mainly used as additives or main components for perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, food and
drink flavoring, and scent addition to household products. They have been used for a thousand of
years in various cultures for medicinal and health purposes. Their anti-oxidant, antimicrobial and
anti-inflammatory properties make them more beneficial.
Sources could be from seeds, woods, barks, berries, flowers, resins, leaves, peel, rhizome and roots.
Extraction of essentials could be extracted in many ways including expression, distillation and solvent
extraction.

II. Objectives

Extract oils from plants using cold press, solvent extraction, and water distillation.

III. Review of Related Literature

Different kinds of methods in extracting essential oils tend to have different results. On a research
conducted on shea butter oil shown existence of differences in physical, chemical and sensory
properties via solvent and traditional extraction methods (TEM). Solvent method extracted a higher
percentage yield of oil and saponification while TEM showed a higher quality of sensory
attributes.(Ikya, Umenger and Iorbee)

During the extraction of essential oils in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) using three types of
hydrodistillation: water distillation, water and stream distillation, and direct steam distillation, the
physical and internal composition of the oils are affected. (ResearchGate)

Essential oils from different extraction process have different uses or significance. Essential oils,
extracted using liquid carbon dioxide from solvent extraction, which possess aroma that are similar
to their raw materials are oftentimes used as ingredient for fragrances and additives for food
products, because they may not be considered as true essential oils. (Can Baser and Buchbauer)
Some of the extraction processes had been used for thousands of years. The availability of tools,
stones or wooden tools used for extracting essential oils, needed resulted to the practice of
expression without involvement of heat before the introduction of distillation process. (Can Baser
and Buchbauer)

1
IV. Methodology
A. Materials
 Plant material  Separatory set-up
 Distilled water  Distilling apparatus
 95% Ethanol  Metal spoon/cotton swab
 Tap water  Scissor/cutter
 Erlenmeyer flask
 Beaker
 Vial or equivalent container with
cover
B. Extraction process

B1. Essential oil Extraction using Water Distillation

a. Sample preparation
1. Reduce the size of the sample by cutting or grating.
2. Weigh 100 grams of the sample.
3. Place the sample into the distilling still.
4. Add tap water until the level of the flask is half full.

b. Assembling the distilling apparatus

1. Place the distilling still into the hot plate.
2. Clamp the neck of the distilling still into the iron stand.
3. Attach the vapor column into the iron stand.
4. Clamp also the vapor column into the iron stand.
5. Attach the condenser into the vapor column.
6. Connect the water supply into the condenser. (Note: Ensure that water is flowing into
the condenser.)
7. Place an Erlenmeyer flask at the outlet of the condenser.

c. Distilling process
1. Set the hot plate to medium heat.
2. Leave the set-up for one hour.

d. Separation Process
1. Attach the hook base of the separatory funnel (liquid-liquid exractor) into the iron
stand.
2. Pour distillate that was collected from the Erlenmeyer flask into a separatory funnel.
3. Turn the funnel upside-down.
4. Allow the funnel to rest into the hook for one minute.
5. Drain the water (hydrosol) into an Erlenmeyer flask by opening the stopcock of the
funnel.
6. Close the stopcock if the oil layer reaches it.
7. Drain the oil into a vial or closed container.

2
 B2. Cold Press Method
1. Press the plant material until liquid appears at the surface of the plant.
2. Scrap the oil using metal spoon or cotton swab.
3. Drain the oil into a vial or closed container.

B3. Solvent extraction

a. Extraction Process
1. Place the sample in a glass container with cover.
2. Add 95% ethanol until the sample is submerged.
3. Close the container.
4. Leave the set-up for an hour.

b. Separation Process
1. Drain the liquid extract from the glass container.
2. Pour liquid extract into the distilling still.
3. Distill for one hour.
4. Store the liquid from the distilling still into a closed container. (Note: The liquid is a
mixture of ethanol, water, and essential oil.

For enhanced separation process.

5. Pour the liquid from the distilling still into a separatory funnel.
6. Add distilled water into the extractor until half full.
7. Turn the set-up upside-down.
8. Let the set-up stand for 1 minute.
9. Open the stopcock and drain the aqueous phase into an Erlenmeyer flask.
10. Measure the density of the aqueous solution.
11. Repeat step 6 to 10 until the density of the aqueous solution remains constant.
12. Store the oil in a clean, dry, and closed container.

V. Results and Discussion

A. Water Distillation

The extraction of oil in this method requires a lot of energy and effort for the cooling water should
continuously flow in the condenser. The water flows fast and you have to refill from time to time.
Overall, the method takes a long time to extract but the product is good. The extracted oil from
the distillation process possesses the best quality.

B. Cold Press Method

This process is the hardest but the cheapest way to extract the oil. In this experiment, this method
yields the least amount of oil for the plant material source was too dry. It is cheapest for what
you only need id the plant material, a spoon, and a cotton swab.

3
 C. Solvent Extraction

In this experiment, the extraction of oil by a solvent gives the largest volume of product. The process
was easy but it also requires a lot of time for you still have to distill decanted liquid after soaking
the plant material in the solvent.

VI. Conclusion
There are many different ways to extract oils from a plant material. These processes also yields
different qualities and quantities of products. Therefore the method to be used depends on the
properties of the product desired.

VII. Documentation

Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.1.Cutting
Cuttingthethe
eucalyptus
eucalyptus Figure 7.2.
Figure 7.2. Cutting
Cuttingthe
thepandan
pandanleaves
leaves
leaves into
leaves intothin
thinstrips.
strips. into thin strips.
into thin strips.

Figure 7.3. Distillation process for Figure 7.4. Solvent extraction process for 4
Eucalyptus. Pandan.
Figure 7.1. Cutting the eucalyptus Figure 7.2. Cutting the pandan leaves
leaves into thin strips. into thin strips.

Figure 7.3.
Figure 7.3. Distillation
Distillation process for for
process Figure 7.4.
Figure 7.4.Solvent
Solventextraction process
extraction for for
process
eucalyptus.
Eucalyptus. pandan.
Pandan.

Figure 7.5.Cold
Figure 7.5. Solvent
pressextraction
method forprocess
suha. for
Pandan.
VIII. References

Ikya, J., Umenger L., and Iorbee, A. (2013). Retrieved from

Http://scialert.net/fulltext/%3Fdoi%3Djfrs.2013.1.12%26org%3D11&ved=2ahUKEwi145T8oJLYAh
VOQLwLHU6dDKQQFjABegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw1ajyi3H8BuH1ncsF0g5Spn

Research Gate. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html%3Fid%3D59cb739848954c425870e01b%2
53A543138110738432%254015065605624532&ved=&usg=AOvVaw2ZBV9gp_lfR1M0wl1xZOD-
Hüsnü Can Baser, K. and Buchbauer, G. (2012). Retrieved from
https://ttngmai.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/handbookofessentialoil.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiZssObnJ
LYAhVJxrwKHdJTCqMQFjAAegQICRAB&isg=AOvVaw27GzvAhj6h8Fgc8wRm37pe