Durability and det ing requirements | 69 DURABILITY AND DETAILING REQUIREMENTS 5.0 Introduction Detailing and durability requirements are to ensure that a structure has satisfactory durability and serviceability performance under normal circumstances throughout its lifetime. ‘These requirements will involve aspects of design, such as concrete mix selection and determination of cover to reinforcing bars, as well as selection of suitable materials for the exposure conditions which are expected. EC2 recommends simple rules concerning the concrete mix and cover to reinforcement, minimum member dimension, and limits to reinforcement quantities and spacing which must be taken into account at the member sizing and reinforcement detailing stage. S51 Conerete Cover ‘The nominal concrete cover is defined as the distance measured from the conerete surface to the nearest surface of the reinforcing bar including links. The nominal cover should protect steel against corrosion and fire and to give the reinforcing bar the necessary embedment to ensure the safe transmission of bond forces without slipping. Clause 4.4 EC2 specified the nominal cover as follows; Cnom = Cmin + Acgev (5.1) where, cas is an allowance for construction deviations and should be taken as 10 mm, unless where an approved quality control system on cover (e.g. in situ measurements) is specified, in which case it can be reduced to 5 mm. nin is minimum concrete cover sets to satisfy the requirements for safe transmission of bond forces, durability and fire resistance.70 | Durability and detailing requirements nti In order to transmit bond forces safely and to ensure adequate compaction of the conerete the minimum cover should not be less than iin,» given in Table 5.1 jimum cover for bond ‘Table 5.1: Minimum cover, cyiny Fequirements with regard to bond ‘Arrangement of bars Minimum cover min® Separated Diameter of bar Bundle Equivalent diameter n- ONmy = 55mm Where n, is the number of bars in the bundle, which is limited to in, 4 for vertical bars in compression ny S 3 for all other cases * TFthe nominal maximum aggregate size is > 32 mm, qian should be increased by 5 mm. (Source: Table 4.2 EN 1992-1-1) Minimum cover for durability The recommendations for durability taking account of the exposure classes and the structural classes as given in Table 5.2. Table 5.2: Minimum cover, cninaae Fequirements with regard to durability Siociel Exposure Class according to Table 4.1 EC 2 Class XO XCI_| XC2XC3 | XCA | XDIXSI | XDIXS2 | XDIXS3 Si 10 10 10 15 20 25 30 S2 10 10 15 20 25 30 3 3 10 10 20 25 30 35 0 oy 10 15 25 30 35 40 8 85 15 20 30 35 40 45 50 i 56 20 or 35 En a5 30 35 (Source: Table 4.4N EN 1992-1-1) The recommended Structural Class (design working life of $0 years) is S4 for the indicative conerete strengths given in Annex E of EC2 and the recommended modifications to the structural class is given in Table 5.2a. The recommended minimum Structural Class is SI.and detailing requirements | 71 Table 5.2a: Recommended structural classification Structural Class Griterion | Exposure Class according to Table 4.1 cone 5) | XDBXS xo xer | xcaxes | xa xp1_ | xpzxst | So Design increase inerease | inerease | inerease | increase | Increase] increase Working life | classby2 | class by 2 | class by 2 | class by2 | class by 2 | class by 2 | class by of 100 years 2 Sirngh | =C3027- | SC3027 [= C3s4s |=Caos0 fScaws0 | >Cq0s0 |= Cass Sy reduce reduce reduce reduce reduce Rrduce reduce, class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 Member [reduce | reduce | reduce | reduce] reduce | reduce | reduce with slab | classby 1 | class by 1 | elassby 1 | classby 1 | class by 1 | classby 1 | class by zeometry 1 Special reduces | reduce | reduce | reduce reduce | reduce] reduce Quality class by 1 | classby 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by 1 | class by Control of 1 the concrete production ensured (Source: Table 43N EN 1992-1-1) Minimum cover for fire ‘The recommendation for structural fire design is considered in EC 2: Part 1-2. Rather than giving a minimum cover, the method used is based on nominal axis distance, a. The axis distance is the distance from the centre of the main reinforcing bar to the surface of the member, The designer should ensure that, @ 2 Coom + ik + Pac! sal + Definition of axis distance, a Figure 5 ‘The permissible combinations of member dimension and axis distance are shown in Table 5.3, Table 5.4 and Table 5.5 for beams, slabs and columns respectively.