Dif Sek Dif Sek: Software For Fire Design

DIF SEK
PART 4
SOFTWARE FOR FIRE DESIGN
DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 0 / 47

Fire design objective
R
resistance of the structures submitted to fire
Rreq
resistance required to the structures for being safe

R Chain of events during a fire
Loads
Steel
columns
l
time
1: Ignition 2: Thermal action 3: Mechanical actions
time
4: Thermal 5: Mechanical 6: Possible
response response collapse
Calculation methodologies - Eurocodes

Rreq Safety criterion
Rrequired: “R” is assumed to be satisfied

where the load bearing function is
maintained during the required time of fire
exposure.
Prescriptive approach: Performance based

national fire approach:
regulations
g fire safety
y engineering
g g

Fire design software - Classification
The most common classification of them is broken down in five

categories:
t i
• Fire
Fi thermal
th l models
d l
• Fire resistance models R
• Egress
g models Rreq
• Detector response models
• Miscellaneous models (performance based)

Fire thermal models

Fire thermal models
Fire thermal models

Nominal Standard temperature – time
temperature – curve
time curves External fire curve
(Prescriptive
rules) Hydrocarbon
y curve
Compartment
Simplified fire fires
Natural fires models
Localised fires
(Performance
based rules) Zone models
Advanced fire
models Field models

Zone models

Zone models
There are two principal types of zone models:
• Two Zone models: fire compartment considered as divided in

two zones (hot - cold) with homogeneous properties
• One
O Zone
Z models:
d l fifire compartment
t t considered
id d as a ffurnace
Z
There are one compartment
H models (only one
mU , TU, VU,
Capa superior
compartment) and multi-
QC EU, ρU
compartment models
QR
mOUT,U
(considered several adjoining
ZS
mOUT,L Q p mOUT,L compartments)

mp
ZP
mIN,L mL , TL, VL,
EL, ρL Capa inferior
Resolution of equations
0 - Mass balance
- Energy balance

Zone models - Ozone
Software sheet – general description

Name OZone
Version 2.2.2 Year 2002
Country Luxembourg Language English
System Windows Size 5 MB
Authors J. F. Cadorin, J. M. Franssen (Uni. Liège)
L.G. Cajot, M. Haller, J.B. Schleich
Organisation
g Arcelor LCS Research Centre
Application field Fire Thermal model - Zone
Availability Free – www.ulg.ac.be
Free – www.sections.arcelor.com
Contact Arcelor ASC: asc.tecom@arcelor.com
Formulation Based on mass and energy balance equations
Short description Model to predict the thermal action of a
d fi d fi
defined fire. Heat
H t transfer
t f tot simple
i l steel
t l
elements and time to collapse (EN 1993-1-2)
incorporated

Ozone - Main menu

Ozone - Case study
Fire scenario: fire in a restaurant at third storey

Design fire: fully developed fire - tα growth phase
Objective: fire resistance of steel beams
(Requirement of R90)
Fi compartment
Fire t t definition:
d fi iti
Fire area

Ozone - Input data: Definition of Fire

Ozone - Input data:
Criteria for switching from 2 zones to 1 zone

Ozone - Output
Switch from 2 zones to 1 zone:

120”
(fire governed by ventilation)

Field models

Field models
Fire Model
+ Fi Field
Fire Fi ld M
Model
d l
CFD Code General description of fire phenomenon.
Physical variables description.
Specific CFD
Physical models adjusted to fire problems:
SOFIE, FDS...
CFD C
Code
d TTypes General CFD
More physical models and material

properties, selected and adjusted by user
to fire modelling: Fluent, CFX,PHOENIX..

Field models - Fluent

Name Fluent
Version 6.1.22 Year 2004
Country USA Language English
System Windows/UNIX
Organisation Fluent Inc.
Inc
Application field Fire Thermal model - Field.
Availability Commercial software
Contact www.fluent.com
Formulation Based on mass and energy balance
equations.
Short description
p General ppurpose
p CFD

Fluent - Input data
Definition of materials, physical models

and boundary conditions is required.
Some of them shown in this slide

Fluent- Output data
Radiation values
User friendly pre and post
processing, but a deep
knowledge on fire engineering
and
d CFD iis required.
i d
Examples of post processing
Smoke control: CO concentration Predicted steel temperatures

Fire resistance models

Fire resistance models (FRM)
Simple
Tabulated Advanced
Structural design procedure calculation
data methods
methods
Member analysis Calculation of YES YES YES

mechanical
actions and
Prescriptive Analysis of part YES (if
boundaries NO YES
based rules of the structure available)
Selection of
Analysis
Anal sis of entire
mechanical NO NO YES
structure
actions
YES (if
Member analysis
y Calculation of NO YES
available)
mechanical
actions and
Performance Analysis of part
boundaries NO NO YES
based rules of the structure
Selection of
Analysis of entire
mechanical NO NO YES
structure
actions

Simplified FRM - Elefir

Name Elefir
Version 2.1 Year 1998
Country Belgium Language English
Authors D. Pintea, L. Mievis, G. Gustin, J. M.
Franssen
Organisation University of Liege
Application field Fire resistance model (simplified)
Availability Free – www.ulg.ac.be
Contact University of Liege - www.ulg.ac.be
Formulation Based on EN 1993-1-2 (eurocode 3)
Short description
p Software for the calculation of the fire
resistance of simple steel elements
made of open sections.

Elefir - Main menu

Elefir - Input data
Load input window
Protection input
p
window

Elefir - Output data

Simplified FRM - Potfire

Name Potfire
Country
Cou ty France
a ce Language
a guage Englishg s
Authors G. Fouquet, G. Tabet, B. Zhao, J.
pp
Kruppa
Organisation CTICM, CIDECT, TNO
Availability Free – www.cidect.org
Contact CIDECT - www.cidect.org
Formulation Based on EN 1994-1-2 Annex G
Short description Fire resistance duration of
unprotected
t t d filled
fill d h
hollow
ll section
ti
columns

Potfire - Main menu/Input-output
p p data
2º
1º
3º
4º

Simplified FRM - AFCC

Name AFCC
System Windows Size 2.5 MB
Authors H. Colbach
Organisation Arcelor LCS Research Centre
Availability Free – www.sections.arcelor.com
Contact Arcelor ASC: asc.tecom@arcelor.com
Formulation Based on EN 1994-1-2
Short description Composite columns fire design

AFCC - Main menu/input
p data
Panel control.
Reinforced steel

AFCC - Output data
Results
Write report
Drawing detail

Simplified FRM - AFCB

Name AFCB
Authors H. Colbach
Organisation Arcelor LCS Research Centre
Availability Free – www.sections.arcelor.com
C t t
Contact A l ASC
Arcelor ASC: asc.tecom@arcelor.com
t @ l
Formulation Based on EN 1994-1-2
Short description Composite beams fire design

AFCB - Main menu / input
p data
Panel control.
Reinforced steel

AFCB - Output data
Results
Write report
Drawing detail

Advanced calculation methods
The advanced calculation methods have three principal phases
Definition of the structure (finite

elements)
Pre-processing Material definition (linear/non-linear)
Selection of mechanical and thermal
actions and boundaries..
Processing - calculation phase
Post-processing - output reporting

Advanced FRM - Safir

Name Safir
Country Belgium Language English
System Fortran/Visual Basic Size ----
Authors J. M. Franssen
Organisation University of Liege
Application field Fire resistance model (advanced)
Contact JM.Franssen@.ulg.ac.be
Formulation Finite element code
Short description Finite element model for the behaviour of
the
h structures iin fi
fire.

Advanced FRM - Ansys
nSoftware sheet – general description

Name Ansys
Country U.S.A Language English
System ----- Size ----
Authors -----
Organisation ANSYS Inc.
Contact Ansys – www.ansys.com
Short description General purpose software

Advanced FRM - Example: Abaqus

Name Abaqus
System MS-DOS Size ----
Authors Hibbitt, Krlsson and Sorensen
Organisation ABAQUS Inc.
Contact Abaqus – www.abaqus.com
Short description General purpose software

SAFIR/ANSYS/ABAQUS - Case study
Fire scenario: fire in an industrial building

Design fire: ISO curve
Objective: definition of fire resistance of the whole structure and
the influence of the affected zone on the rest of the structure.

2D
Deformed shape without amplification (static mode)
Deformed shape without amplification

(dynamic mode)
Left frame collapse towards inside of
the building.
Axial
A i l force
f - No
N bi
bigger than
th the
th effect
ff t
of the wind in service condition.

3D - With more than one frame without hot purlins
Deformed shape(x10) - The purlins support the frame submitted to fire
3D - With more than one frame with hot purlins
Deformed shape without amplification

Axial load

3D - With more than one frame with hot purlins (Dynamic)
A dynamic analysis allow us to predict the collapse phase

Egress and detector response models

Egress models - Exodus

Name Exodus
Country England Language English
System Windows Size -----
Authors E. Galea, St. Gwyne, S. Blake,
L. Filippidis
Organisation University of Greenwich
Application field Egress model
Availability Commercial – www.fseg.gre.ac.uk
Contact E.R.Galea@greenwich.ac.uk
Formulation -----
Sh t description
Short d i ti E
Egress model
d lb
based
d on h
human
behaivour

Egress models - EXODUS
•Simulation allow user to asses the level of safety

y along
g the
evacuation.

Egress models - EXODUS
Results:
Simulations can be viewed with the post
post-processing
processing tool
VR-EXODUS

Detector response models - Jet

Name Jet
Authors W. D. Davids
Organisation NIST (National Institute of Standards and
T h l
Technology) )
Application field Detector response models
Availability Free – www.fire.nist.gov
C t t
Contact NIST - www.fire.nist.gov
fi i t
Formulation Zone model based on code LAVENT
Algorithm for plume centerline temperature
Algorithm for ceiling jet depending on
smoke layer depth
Short description Sprinkler response – Time to activation

Jet - Main menu / input data
Compartment Sprinkler Vents

properties
Design fire
Parameters

SOFTWARE
IN CZECH/ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Software available in Czech/English language
Freeware www.access-steel.cz
¾ Calculation of parametrical temperature curve
¾ Heat transfer
to protected and unprotected steel elements
¾ Fire resistance
of steel elements
Commercial software www.fine.cz

¾ Fin 10 - Steel Fire
Czech and English languages

Parametrical temperature curve

Heat transfer

Fire resistance

Fin10 - Steel Fire - Input data
Inp t of fire protection data

Input
Fin10 - Steel Fire - Output data
O tp t - fire resistance
Output
Thank you for your attention
DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design

Dif Sek Dif Sek: Software For Fire Design

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DIF SEK

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 0 / 47

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 1 / 54

Calculation methodologies - Eurocodes

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 2 / 54

Rrequired: “R” is assumed to be satisfied

Prescriptive approach: Performance based

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 3 / 54

The most common classification of them is broken down in five

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 4 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 5 / 54

Fire thermal models

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 6 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 7 / 54

There are two principal types of zone models:

• Two Zone models: fire compartment considered as divided in

mOUT,L Q p mOUT,L compartments)

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 8 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 9 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 10 / 54

Fire scenario: fire in a restaurant at third storey

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 11 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 12 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 13 / 54

Switch from 2 zones to 1 zone:

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 14 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 15 / 54

More physical models and material

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 16 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 17 / 54

Definition of materials, physical models

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 18 / 54

Smoke control: CO concentration Predicted steel temperatures

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 19 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 20 / 54

Member analysis Calculation of YES YES YES

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 21 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 22 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 23 / 54

Load input window

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 24 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 25 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 26 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 27 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 28 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 29 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 30 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 31 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 32 / 54

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 33 / 54

The advanced calculation methods have three principal phases

Definition of the structure (finite

Processing - calculation phase

Post-processing - output reporting

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 34 / 54

Software sheet – general description

DIF SEK Part 4: Software for Fire Design 35 / 54