Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Uses of Wood
Exterior finishes:
1) Shingles
2) Boards
3) Sheets
Interior finishes:
1) Boards
2) Sheets
Finish carpentry:
1) Doors and windows (although these are rarely made
on site today)
2) Cabinetwork
3) Trim
Floor framing
Bridging:
To keep joists from buckling, a bridge is set between
adjoining joists approximately every 2m (refer to
building code). Bridging is made of a solid piece of
wood, and ‘X’ brace, steel strapping, or continuous
strapping.
Double Headers:
Where the joist span is interrupted by an opening, such
as where a stairway penetrates the floor platform, joists
are shortened and attached to double-header, which
defines and supports the edge of the opening. Double-
headers are used for stairs, chimneys, laundry chutes,
etc.
Subfloors:
Commonly the subfloor (the unfinished surface under
the tile, carpet, etc.) is plywood (one or two layers),
tongue and groove decking, or the edge of the blocking
itself.
Wall framing
The wall is usually built flat on the platform, and then
lifted into position. In platform construction walls are
only built to one story. Traditionally wall frames are
built with 2”x4”’s, but to accommodate larger batt
insulation, 2x6 construction has become common in
Canada.
Studs:
The major constituents of the wall, the studs are
vertical members placed 16” (40 cm) or 24” (60 cm)
apart. Studs are doubled up at the corners, and at the
edges of the openings.
Wall corners:
Are built monolithically, with three studs attached to
one another to provide a nailing surface for the
adjoining wall.
Design Configuration of Roof Trusses:
1) Trusses are commonly made of 2x4”s in a triangle with a
combination of smaller triangles inscribed within.
2) Members are attached with steel plate fasteners: plates
Roof Construction with points (which act as nails) pushed out in a lattice on one
Roofs constructed of trusses are the most common in side.
housing today, because trusses can span very large 3) Trusses are prefabricated and delivered on site ready to
distances, but because they are made of small section install.
wood, are quite inexpensive. 4) Trusses span 20’ to 30’, often the entire length of the
house. Spacing is 24”(60 cm)) on center.
5) The lower cord of the triangle supprts the ceiling material
below.
6) Plywood sheathing provide crossbracing.
Rafters:
If the space below the roof is to be used as an attic or
cathedral ceiling, or if the roof is too complex, or too
steep, rafters (or roof joists) are used instead of trusses.
Rafters are essentially joists, on an inclined plane, and
resting on the wall plates (headers). Sheathing of
rafters is the same as that of trusses. Methods of
erection are as follows:
1) Using a ridge board
2) Using trussed rafters