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∗ † ‡
Andreas Felsberger Bernhard Oberegger Gerald Reiner
University of Klagenfurt University of Klagenfurt University of Klagenfurt
Operations-, Energy-, and Operations-, Energy-, and Operations-, Energy-, and
Environmental Management Environmental Management Environmental Management
Universitätsstrasse 65-67 Universitätsstrasse 65-67 Universitätsstrasse 65-67
Klagenfurt, Austria Klagenfurt, Austria Klagenfurt, Austria
andreas.felsberger@aau.at bernhard.oberegger@aau.at gerald.reiner@aau.at
ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION
In the field of manufacturing systems automated data ac- Decision support systems (DSS) are about developing and
quisition and development of technological innovations like deploying IT-based systems to support decision processes [5,
manufacturing execution systems (MES), Enterprise Resource 30]. Since the 1970s researchers,have focused on developing
Planning (ERP), Advanced Planning Systems (APS) and computer technology based solutions that can be used to
new trends in Big Data and Business Intelligence (BI) have support complex decision-making and problem solving [31].
given rise to new applications and methods of existing de- The area of the information systems and the technologies
cision support technologies. Today manufacturers need an have evolved significantly in the last decades. Nowadays,
adaptive system that helps to react and adapt to the con- the tendency towards business intelligence (BI) is one of the
stantly changing business environment. The internal data key drivers for emerging developments in DSS technologies
processing system of a company can only offer minimum sup- and methods. Overall, a DSS is an interactive computer in-
port because it is related to transactions. In this case, deci- formation system that solves the problem of non-structures
sion support systems (DSS) combine human skills with the and can help decision makers to use data and models [86].
capabilities of computers to provide efficient management Suri and Whitney showed already in 1984 [78] that espe-
of data, reporting, analytics, modeling and planning issues. cially in flexible manufacturing systems, DSS are installed
DSS provide a distinction between structured, semi struc- to improve productivity. Moreover, traditional manufactur-
tured and unstructured data. In particular, a DSS reduces ing systems are transforming into knowledge-based manu-
the quantity of data to a high quality structured amount; facturing environments based on digitization, computer net-
due to this, decisions are made to support the manufactur- works, artificial intelligence and rapid response across supply
ing process. In addition, the goal of these systems is to chains. These aspects are fundamental requirements for to-
avoid problems within the production process even before day’s manufacturing systems to satisfy costumer needs and
they emerge. This paper gives an overview of the state-of- to produce high quality products within small batch sizes
the-art literature on DSS and describes current techniques and sustainable consciousness. The way to a fitting DSS
of relevant DSS applications within manufacturing environ- is quite marbled. First, the provided data, determined by
ments. several data gathering systems like ERP has to be filtered.
After conditioning the data, several alternatives can be set
Keywords to solve a defined problem and make at least a choice of
decision design and implement the solution. This literature
Decision Support Systems, Manufacturing, P&OM review focuses on past and current research on decision sup-
port systems in manufacturing. The paper is organized as
∗Andreas Felsberger, Research Assistant at OEE, University follows: Section 2 gives a general overview and definition
of Klagenfurt, Austria about decision support systems, in particular this part de-
†Bernhard Oberegger, Research Assistant at OEE, Univer- scribes why DSS are used, how they are used and shows
sity of Klagenfurt, Austria the structural components of the decision-making process.
‡Gerald Reiner, Head of Department OEE, University of Section 3 describes upcoming trends of automated decision-
Klagenfurt, Austria making processes and new types of intelligent decision sup-
port systems (IDSS) in the context of Business Intelligence
and Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). Section 3
concludes the paper and gives an outlook on further research
questions.
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Implementation
1
6
Phase
Problem &
Implementation Requirement
2.1 Decision Support Systems Definitions and
Intelligence Phase
Definition
Types
A DSS is defined as a computer system that deals with
Choice Phase
5 2
a problem where at least some stage is semi-structured [72, Choice of Alternative
Decision Design Generation
43] or unstructured [10, 77]. Simon 1960 described decision
problems as existing on a continuum from programmed (rou-
tine, well-structured and easily solved) to non-programmed
(new, ill-structured and difficult to solve). [73, 16] Keen 1980
4 3
defined a DSS as a concept of the role of computers within a Alternative Model
decision making process. Defined in terms of the structure of Analysis Development