2008+
2008+ Solved Problems
in Electromagnetics
by Syed A. Nasar
About the Book
SciTech Publishing is reissuing this extremely
valuable learning resource, originally published
in 1992 in the Schaum’s Problem-Solving Series
for students of electromagnetics and those who
wish to refresh and solidify their understanding
of its challenging applications. Problem-solving
drills help develop confidence, but few
textbooks offer the answers – never mind the
complete solutions – to their chapter exercises.
Here, noted author Professor Syed Nasar has
divided the book’s problems into topic areas
similar to a textbook and presented a wide
array of problems, followed immediately by
their solutions.
– Learn the best strategies for solving tough
problems in step-by-step detail
– Prepare effectively for exams
– Use the Index to quickly locate the type of
problems you need to review
– Save and use again for refresher
– Instructors: this is a great source for extra
homework, quizzes, and exams!
Contents
Vector Analysis, Electrostatics, Magnetostatics,
Maxwell’s Equations, Plane Waves, Transmission
Lines, Waveguides, Cavity Resonators,
Antennas, Review Problems
SciTech Publishing, Inc.
Raleigh, NC
2008+ Solved Problems in Electromagnetics
Also of interest from SciTech Publishing:
› Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with MATLAB®,
2nd Edition, by Karl Lonngren, Sava Savov, Randy Jost
Employing the power of MATLAB as both a
visualization and a problem-solving tool, this book
Solved Problems in
teaches electromagnetics in a much more engaging
manner than traditional textbooks.
(ISBN13: 9781891121588)
Electromagnetics
› Antenna Design and Visualization Using MATLAB®,
by Atef Elsherbeni and Matthew Inman
This software program comes with a 110-page User
Guide in a PDF file. It helps students and engineers
in antenna design see the changes resulting from
alterations to the parameters of design specifications.
The authors’ website provides free upgrades and help
to all who purchase and register the product.
(ISBN13: 9781891121395)
› Electronic Applications of the Smith Chart,
by Phillip Smith
The legendary Smith chart inventor’s classic reference
book describes how the chart is used for designing
lumped element and transmission line circuits. It
provides tutorial material on transmission line
theory and behavior, circuit representation on the
chart, matching networks, network transformations
and broadband matching. It also includes a new
chapter with examples designs and description of the
winSMITH software accessory.
(ISBN13: 9781884932397)
Syed A. Nasar
ISBN 13: 9781891121463
ISBN 189112146-4
www.scitechpub.com
9 781891 121463
Syed A. Nasar
 2008+
Solved Problems in
ELECTROMAGNETICS
Syed A. Nasar, Ph.D.

Raleigh, North Carolina

www.scitechpub.com
SciTech Publishing, Inc.
911 Paverstone Drive, Suite B
Raleigh, NC 27615
Phone: 919-847-2434 Fax: 919-847-2568
www.scitechpub.com

Editor: Dudley R. Kay

Production Director: Susan Manning
Production Assistant: Robert Lawless
Cover design by Kathy Gagne

Cover image courtesy of Greg Shirah of NASA,

http://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp/outreach/images/Aurora/71300.jpg

Copyright 2008 by SciTech Publishing, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any

form or by any means without prior written permission of the publisher.

First edition published as 2000 Solved Problems in Electromagnetics

copyright 1992 by McGraw-Hill.

Printed in the United States of America.

ISBN: 1891121464
ISBN 13: 9781891121463
 CONTENTS

Chapter 1 VECTOR ANALYSIS

Vectors and Scalars / Unit Vectors / Scalar Components and Vector
Components / Vectorial Areas / Dot Product / Cross Product / Vector Fields and
Scalar Fields / The Gradient Vector / Line Integrals / Divergence and the Divergence
Theorem / Curl and Stokes’ Theorem / Potential Functions and Conservative Fields

Chapter 2 ELECTROSTATICS
Charge Distributions / Coulomb’s Law / The E-Field / Superposition
Principle / Electric Flux and Gauss’ Law / Induced Charge / Voltage / Electric
Dipoles / Dielectrics and Polarization / Permittivity / Conditions at an
Interface / Potential Energy of a Charge Configuration / Equipotentials and Field
Lines / Capacitance / Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations / Solutions by Separation of
Variables / Method of Images

Chapter 3 M AGNETOST ATICS

Ampère’s Force Law / Biot-Savart Law / Magnetic Induction / Magnetic Field
Intensity / Ampère’s Circuital Law / Magnetic Flux / Magnetic Dipole
Moments / Torque on a Current Loop / Magnetic Vector and Scalar
Potentials / Conditions at an Interface / Bound Currents and Magnetization / The
Lorentz Force / Magnetic Circuits / Mutual Inductance / Internal
Inductance / Magnetostatic Force

Chapter 4 MAXW ELL’S EQUATIONS

Faraday’s Law of Induced EMF / Lenz’s Law / Displacement Current / Point and
Integral Forms of Maxwell’s Equations / Phasor Notation / The Poynting Vector and
Radiated Power / Derivation of Wave Equations and Diffusion Equations / Special
Solutions in Conductors; Definitions of Skin Depth and Internal Impedance

Chapter 5 PLANE WAVES

The Helmholtz Equation and Its Plane Wave Solutions / Propagation Constant,
Wavelength, Phase Velocity, Intrinsic Impedance / Time-Average Poynting
Vector / The Loss Tangent / Approximations for the Propagation Constant and Intrinsic
Impedance / Wave Polarization / Group Velocity and Dispersion / Reflection and
Transmission at an Interface / Crank Diagram / Standing Waves / Perpendicular and
Parallel Polarizations / Laws of Reflection and Refraction / Fresnel Equations / The
Brewster Angle

Chapter 6 TRANSMISSION LINES

TEM Field Structure / The (Lossless) Transmission-Line Equations / Propagation
Velocity and Characteristic Resistance / Voltage and Current Reflection / Steady-State
Analysis / Complex Voltage Reflection Coefficient; Input Impedance; Electrical
Length / Crank Diagram / VSWR / Electrically Short Lines / The (Lossy)
Transmission-Line Equations / Propagation Constant and Characteristic
Impedance / Per-Unit-Length-Parameters / Normalized Impedance and the Smith Chart

Chapter 7 W AVEGUIDES
Lossless Rectangular Guides: the Wave Equation / TE and TM Solutions / Cutoff
Frequencies / Field Lines / Dominant Mode / Average Power Flow / Lossy Guides:
Core and Wall Losses / Cylindrical Waveguides: Maxwell’s Equations / Bessel Function
Solutions for TM and TE Modes / Dielectric-Slab Waveguides / Optical Fibers
iv a CONTENTS

Chapter 8 CAVITY RESONATORS 307

Field Equations for Rectangular Cavities / Resonant Frequencies / Energy Storage,
Losses, and the Quality Factor / Coaxial Cavities / Equivalent-Circuit
Parameters / Cylindrical Cavities / Spherical Cavities

Chapter 9 ANTENNAS 327

The Hertzian Dipole / Properties of the Far Field / Power or Radiation
Pattern / Radiation Resistance / The Magnetic Dipole / Finite (Lossless) Dipole
Antennas / The Angle Factor / Input Impedance / Lossy Dipole Antennas / Radiative
Efficiency / Antenna Arrays / Principle of Pattern Multiplication / Radiation Intensity,
Directive Gain, and Directivity / Coupled Antennas: Equivalent Circuits and the
Reciprocity Theorem / Effective Aperture of an Antenna / (Power) Gain / The Friis
Transmission Equation / Effects of a Ground Plane / Beam Solid Angle / Effective
Antenna Length / Diffraction Patterns / Polarization Loss Factor (PLF) / HPBW and
BWFN / Hansen-Woodyard Criteria

Chapter 10 REVIEW PROBLEMS 376

INDEX 437

2008+ Solved Problems
in Electromagnetics
by Syed A. Nasar
About the Book
SciTech Publishing is reissuing this extremely
valuable learning resource, originally published
in 1992 in the Schaum’s Problem-Solving Series
for students of electromagnetics and those who
wish to refresh and solidify their understanding
of its challenging applications. Problem-solving
drills help develop confidence, but few
textbooks offer the answers – never mind the
complete solutions – to their chapter exercises.
Here, noted author Professor Syed Nasar has
divided the book’s problems into topic areas
similar to a textbook and presented a wide
array of problems, followed immediately by
their solutions.
– Learn the best strategies for solving tough
problems in step-by-step detail
– Prepare effectively for exams
– Use the Index to quickly locate the type of
problems you need to review
– Save and use again for refresher
– Instructors: this is a great source for extra
homework, quizzes, and exams!
Contents
Vector Analysis, Electrostatics, Magnetostatics,
Maxwell’s Equations, Plane Waves, Transmission
Lines, Waveguides, Cavity Resonators,
Antennas, Review Problems
SciTech Publishing, Inc.
Raleigh, NC
 2008+
2008+ Solved Problems in Electromagnetics
Also of interest from SciTech Publishing:
› Fundamentals of Electromagnetics with MATLAB®,
2nd Edition, by Karl Lonngren, Sava Savov, Randy Jost
Employing the power of MATLAB as both a
visualization and a problem-solving tool, this book
Solved Problems in
teaches electromagnetics in a much more engaging
manner than traditional textbooks.
(ISBN13: 9781891121588)
Electromagnetics
› Antenna Design and Visualization Using MATLAB®,
by Atef Elsherbeni and Matthew Inman
This software program comes with a 110-page User
Guide in a PDF file. It helps students and engineers
in antenna design see the changes resulting from
alterations to the parameters of design specifications.
The authors’ website provides free upgrades and help
to all who purchase and register the product.
(ISBN13: 9781891121395)
› Electronic Applications of the Smith Chart,
by Phillip Smith
The legendary Smith chart inventor’s classic reference
book describes how the chart is used for designing
lumped element and transmission line circuits. It
provides tutorial material on transmission line
theory and behavior, circuit representation on the
chart, matching networks, network transformations
and broadband matching. It also includes a new
chapter with examples designs and description of the
winSMITH software accessory.
(ISBN13: 9781884932397)
Syed A. Nasar
ISBN 13: 9781891121463
ISBN 189112146-4
www.scitechpub.com
9 781891 121463
Syed A. Nasar