SYLLABUS FOR CIVIL PROCEDURE

Atty. Victor Y. Eleazar

Rule 1 to 12

III. Civil Procedure

A. Actions
1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions
2. Meaning of special civil actions
3. Meaning of criminal actions
4. Civil actions versus special proceedings
5. Personal actions and real actions

0 Far East Bank v. Spouses Plaza, G.R. No. 154489, July 25, 2003

6. Local and transitory actions

7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem

Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011

Salva v. Magpile
De Pedro v. Romasan Development Corp.

8. Payment of docket fees

Ballatan v. Court of Appeals, March 2, 1999, 304 SCRA 34

Fedman Development Corp. v. Agcaoili, G.R. No. 165025, August
31, 2011, 656 SCRA 354

Rule 1, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law 1, pp. 367-409

B. Cause of action
1. Meaning of cause of action

Turner v. Lorenzo Shipping Corp., G.R. No. 157479, November 24,

2010

2. Right of action versus cause of action

3. Failure to state a cause of action
4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action

0 Belle Corporation v. de Leon-Banks, G.R. No. 174669, September

19, 2012
1 Santos v. Santos-Gran, G.R. No. 197380, October 8, 2014


Date of last revision: 24 December 2018
2 Guillermo v. Philippine Information Agency, G.R. No. 223751,
March 15, 2017

5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects

Umale v. Canoga Park Development Corp., G.R. No. 167246, July

20, 2011, 654 SCRA 155
Mallion v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 141528, October 31, 2006
Marilag v. Martinez, G.R. No. 201892, July 22, 2015
Damages in ejectment cases: Progressive Development Corp. Inc.
v. Court of Appeals, 301 SCRA 637; Read Herrera’s Critque on
“damages and costs”; See Teraña v. de Sagun, 587 SCRA 60

6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action

1 Rule 2, Rules of Court

2 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. I, pp. 410-503

C. Parties to civil actions

1. Real parties in interest; indispensable parties;
Representatives as parties; necessary parties;
indigent parties; alternative defendants

3 Excellent Quality Apparel Inc. v. Win Multi Rich Builders, Inc., G.R.
No. 175048, February 10, 2009
4 V-Gent Inc. v. Morning Star Travel and Tours, G.R. No. 186305,
July 22, 2015
5 Navarro v. Escobido, November 27, 2009
6 Arcelona v. CA – NB: Read case in the SCRA and take note of the
Errata: Arcelona v. CA, 280 SCRA 20
7 Carandang v. De Guzman, November 29, 2006

Personality to sue; Estate of a decedent

8 Vda. de Borromeo v. Pogoy, G.R. No. 63277, November 29, 1983,

126 SCRA 217
9 Compare with: Ventura v. Militante, G.R. No. 63145, October 9,
1999 and Spouses Rodolfo Berot and Lilia Berot v. Siapno, G.R. No.
188944, July 9, 2014
10 Boston Equity Resources v. CA, G.R. No. 173946, June 19, 2013
11 Heirs of Paciano Labao v. Vand Der Kolk, G.R. No. 207266, June 25,
2014

12 Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012

2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties

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13 Limos v. Spouses Odones, G.R. No. 186979, August 11, 2010
14 Pacana-Contreras v. Rovila Water Supply, G.R. No. 168979,
December 2, 2013
15 Divinagracia v. Parilla, G.R. No. 196750, March 11, 2015

Indispensable party v. Necessary party

16 Seno v. Mangubat, G.R. No. L-44339, December 2, 1987, 156

SCRA 113

3. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties

17 Pantranco North Express v. Standard Insurance, 453 SCRA 482

4. Class suit

18 Adm. Matter No. No. 88-1-646: Re Request of the Heirs of the

Passengers of Dona Paz to set aside the Order of Judge B.V.
Chingcuangco, promulgated on March 31, 1988, 159 SCRA 623

5. Suits against entities without juridical personality

6. Effect of death of party litigant

19 Navarra v. Liongson, G.R. No. 217930, April 18, 2016

7. Indigent party

20 Algura v. LGU of City of Naga, October 30, 2006

21 Ayala Land, Inc. v. The alleged heirs of the late Lucas Lactao, G.R.
No. 208213, August 8, 2018

22 Rule 3, Rules of Court

23 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 504-611

8. Transferee pendente lite

Medrano v. de Vera, G.R. No. 165770, August 9, 2010

D. Venue

1. Venue versus jurisdiction

2. Venue of real actions

0 Villanueva v. Judge Mosqueda, G.R. No. L-58287, August 19, 1982

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1 Union Bank of the Philippines v. Maunlad Homes Inc., G.R. No.
190071, August 15, 2012
2 Latorre v. Latorre, G.R. No. 183926, March 29, 2010, 617 SCRA 88

3. Venue of personal actions

3 Marcos-Araneta v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 154096, August 22,

2008
4 Garces v. CA, June 23, 1988, 162 SCRA504
5 Mangila v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125027, August 12, 2002

6 Hyatt Elevators and Escalators Corp. v. Goldstar Elevators Phils., 473

SCRA 705
7 Golden Arches Development Corp. v. St. Francis Square Holding Inc.,
640 SCRA 227

8 See Rule on Venue in A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC (Rule on

Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages and
Annulment of Voidable Marriages), A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC (Rule
on Legal Separation) and A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC (Rule on
Adoption of Minors)

4. Venue of actions against non-residents

9 Ang v. Ang, G.R. No. 186993, August 22, 2012

5. When the rules on venue do not apply

Gumabon v. Larin, G.R. No. 142523, November 27, 2001

6. Effects of stipulations on venue

10 Unimasters Conglomeration Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 119657, February

7, 1997
11 Briones v. CA, G.R. No. 204444, January 14, 2015
12 Ley Construction and Development Corp. v. Sedano, G.R. No.
222711, August 23, 2017

7. Doctrine of forum non-conveniens

Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. v. Sherman, G.R. No.

72494, August 11, 1989
Philippine Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Citibank, N.A. and Bank of
America S.T. & N.A., G.R. 170290, April 11, 2012, 669 SCRA 191

13 Rule 4, Rules of Court

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14 Read Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 612-651

E. Uniformity of Rules

0 Rule 5, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 652-671
2 Revised Rule on Summary Procedure
3 Revised Rule on Small Claims Court

F. Pleadings
1. Kinds of pleadings
a) Complaint
b) Answer
(i) Negative defenses
(ii) Negative pregnant
(iii) Affirmative defenses
c) Counterclaims
(i) Compulsory counterclaim
(ii) Permissive counterclaim
(iii) Effect on the counterclaim when the
complaint is dismissed
d) Cross-claims
e) Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints
f) Complaint-in-intervention
g) Reply

0 Rule 6, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law 1, pp. 672-711
2 Answer Ex Abudanti Cautela? See Rosete v. Lim, G.R. No. 136051,
June 8, 2006
3 Filing fees for compulsory counterclaim or cross-claims: See
Korea Technologies Co. Inc. v. Judge Lerma, G.R. No. 143581,
January 7, 2008
4 Spouses Mendiola v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159746, July 18,
2012
5 Bungcayao Sr. v. Fort Ilocandia Property Holdings and Development
Corp., G.R. No. 170483, April 19, 2010
6 Firaza Sr. v. Ugay, G.R. No. 165838, April 3, 2013
7 Lafarge Cement Phil. Inc. v. Continental Cement Corp., G.R. No.
155173, November 23, 2004
8 Banco de Oro v. Court of Appeals, 468 SCRA 166
9 GSIS v. Heirs of Caballero, G.R. No. 158090, October 4, 2010
10 Sy-Vargas v. Estate of Rolando Ogsos, Sr., G.R. No. 221062,
October 5, 2016
11 Philtranco Service Enterprises Inc. v. Paras, G.R. No. 161909, April
25, 2012

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12 Remedy over: Samala v. Judge Victor, 170 SCRA 453; CDCP v.
Cuenca, 466 SCRA 714
13 Paramount Life & General Insurance v. Castro, G.R. No. 195728,
April 19, 2016
14 Intervention: Bon-Mar Realty and Sport Corp. v. Spouses de
Guzman, G.R. No. 182136-37, August 29, 2008; Republic v. CA,
G.R. No. 174385, February 20, 2013

2. Pleadings allowed in small claim cases and cases

covered by the Rules on Summary Procedure

3. Parts of a pleading
a) Caption
b) Signature and address
c) Verification and certification against forum
shopping
(i) Requirements of a corporation executing
the verification/certification of non-
forum shopping
d) Effect of the signature of counsel in a pleading

Rule 7, Rules of Court

Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 712-760
See Sec. 8, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC
See Sec. 5 (a), A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC
Vda. de Formoso v. PNB, June 1, 2011
Bank of Philippine Islands v. Court of Appeals, October 6, 2010
Heirs of Lazaro Gallardo v. Soliman, G.R. No. 178952, April 10,
2013
Heirs of Josefina Gabriel v. Cebrero, G.R. No. 222737, November
12, 2018
Arevalo v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. No. 193415, April 18,
2012
Petition for Relief from Judgment: Argana v. Republic, G.R. No.
147227, November 19, 2004, 443 SCRA 184
Petition for Issuance of Writ of Possession: de Guzman v. Chico,
G.R. No. 195445, December 7, 2016
What constitutes forum shopping: Brown-Araneta v. Araneta,
G.R. No. 190814, October 9, 2013; Clark Development Corp. v.
Mondragon Leisure and Resorts Corp., G.R. No. 150986, March
2, 2007

4. Allegations in a pleading
a) Manner of making allegations
(i) Condition precedent
(ii) Fraud, mistake, malice, intent,

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 knowledge and other condition of the
mind, judgments, official documents or
acts
b) Pleading an actionable document
c) Specific denials
(i) Effect of failure to make specific denials
(ii) When a specific denial requires an oath

0 Rule 8, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 761-793
2 Tumpag v. Tumpag, G.R. No. 199133, September 29, 2014
3 Santos v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 183034, March 12, 2014
4 Heirs of Nicolas S. Cabigas v. Limbaco, G.R. No. 175291, July 27,
2011
5 Heirs of Andres Naya v. Naya, G.R. No. 215759, November 28,
2016

5. Effect of failure to plead

a) Failure to plead defenses and objections
b) Failure to plead a compulsory counterclaim
and cross-claim

6. Default
a) When a declaration of default is proper
b) Effect of an order of default
c) Relief from an order of default
d) Effect of a partial default
e) Extent of relief
f) Actions where default are not allowed

0 Rule 9, Rules of Court

1 Rule 11, Rules of Court
2 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 794-823
3 Read: Herrera Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 857-863
4 Manuel Uy and Sons, Inc. v. Valbueco, Inc., G.R. No. 179594,
September 11, 2013
5 Gajudo v. Traders Royal Bank, March 21, 2006
6 Lina v. CA, 135 SCRA 637
7 Lui Enterprises v. Zuellig Pharma Corp., G.R. No. 193494, March
12, 2014, 719 SCRA 88
8 Arquero v. CA, G.R. No. 168053, September 21, 2011, 658 SCRA
70
9 Benedicto-Muñoz v. Cacho-Olivarez, G.R. No. 179121, November
9, 2015
10 Sec. 8 (2), Special Rule of Procedure on Declaration of Absolute
Nullity of Void Marriage

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11 Sec. 5 (b) and (c), Special Rule of Procedure in Legal Separation

7. Filing and service of pleadings

a) Payment of docket fees
b) Filing versus service of pleadings
c) Periods of filing of pleadings
d) Manner of filing
e) Modes of service
(i) Personal service
(ii) Service by mail
(iii) Substituted service
(iv) Service of judgments, final orders or
resolutions
(v) Priorities in modes of service and filing
(vi) When service is deemed complete
(vii) Proof of filing and service
f) Notice of lis pendens

0 Rule 13, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 873-915
2 Gagoomal v. Villacorta, G.R. No. 1092813, January 18, 2012, 663
SCRA 444
3 Homeowners Savings and Loan Bank v. Felonia, G.R. No. 189477,
February 26, 2014
4 J. Casim Construction Supplies, Inc. v. Registrar of Deeds of Las
Piñas, G.R. No. 168655, July 2, 2010
5 Valderama v. Arguelles, G.R. No. 223660, April 2, 2018

8. Amendment
a) Amendment as a matter of right
b) Amendments by leave of court
c) Formal amendment
d) Amendments to conform to or authorize
presentation of evidence
e) Different from supplemental pleadings f) 1

0 Rule 10, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 824-856
2 Read Regalado and Riano on issue on amendment in case of
jurisdictional issues on the original pleading
3 Siasoco v. CA, G.R. No. 132753, February 15, 1999
4 Citystate Savings Bank v. Aguinaldo, G.R. No. 200018, April 6,
2015
5 Dela Cruz v. Concepcion, October 11, 2012
6 Diona v. Balangue, G.R. No. 173559, January 7, 2013

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 G. Summons
1. Nature and purpose of summons in relation to
actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem
2. Voluntary appearance
3. Personal service

Sec. 128, Corporation Code

Sec. 190, Insurance Code; now Sec. 196 of PD 612 as amended
by 10607
Sec. 76, General Banking Law of 2000, R.A. No. 8791
Onstott v. Upper Tagpos Neighborhood Association, G.R. No.
221047, September 14, 2016
Sansio Philippines Inc. v. Mogol Jr., G.R. No. 177007, July 14, 2009

4. Substituted service
5. Constructive service (by publication)
a) Service upon a defendant where his identity is
unknown or where his whereabouts are
unknown
b) Service upon residents temporarily outside
the Philippines
6. Extra-territorial service, when allowed
7. Service upon prisoners and minors
8. Proof of service

0 Rule 14, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 916-985
2 Atiko Trans Inc. and Cheng Lie Navigation Co. Ltd. v. Prudential
Guarantee and Assurance Inc., G.R. No. 167545, August 17, 2011
3 De Pedro v. Romasan Development Corp.
4 NM Rothschild & Sons (Australia) Ltd. v. Lepanto Consolidated
Mining Co., G.R. No. 175799, November 28, 2011, 661 SCRA 328
5 A.M. No. 11-3-6-SC
6 Manotoc v. CA, 499 SCRA 21
7 Pascual v. Pascual, December 4, 2009
8 Yuk Ling Ong v. Co., G.R. No. 206653, February 25, 2015
9 Chu v. Mach Asia Trading Corp., G.R. No. 184333, April 1, 2013
10 Ang v. Chinatrust, G.R. No. 200693, April 18, 2016
11 Interlink Movie Houses, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 203298, January 17,
2018

H. Motions
1. Motions in general
a) Definition of a motion
b) Motions versus pleadings
c) Contents and form of motions

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 d) Notice of hearing and hearing of motions
e) Omnibus motion rule
f) Litigated and ex parte motions
g) Pro-forma motions

0 Rule 15, Rules of Court

1 Read: Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 986-1003
2 De los Reyes v. Ramnani, G.R. No. 169135, June 18, 2010
3 Ramos v. Teves, A.M. No. P-12-3061, June 27, 2012; see Pojas v.
Gozo-Dadole, 192 SCRA 575
4 Victory Liner Inc. v. Malinias, G.R. No. 151170, May 29, 2007

2. Motions for bill of particulars

a) Purpose and when applied for
b) Actions of the court
c) Compliance with the order and effect of
noncompliance
d) Effect on the period to file a responsive
pleading

0 Rule 12, Rules of Court

1 Read Herrera, Remedial Law Vol. 1, pp. 864-872

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