Maxim Lecture #2: Course Outline Operational Amplifier Test Technical Training

By: CORE-AMPS Team

MPOC-TSDA

 Objectives:
o Introduction to operational amplifier
o Parameters op-amp
o Techniques on how to test op amps
 General purpose amplifiers
 Special op-amps
 Session #1: Introduction to Operational Amplifier
o Op amp: A DC-coupled high-gain amplifier electronic voltage amplifier with a differential
input and a single ended output
o Output is usually hundreds or thousands of times larger than the voltage differential on
its input terminals
 Vout=(V+-V-)AVOL
o Applications:
 Filtering
 Current Monitoring
 As Buffers
 Interface for light sensors, strain gauge, thermocouples etc.
 Level Detectors
 Audio/Video amplifiers
 Line Drivers
 Transmission buffers
o Properties of Ideal Op-Amps
 Zero input Offset voltage (Vos)
 Zero input bias current (IB)
 Infinite gain(AVOL)
 Infinite input impedance (Zin)
 Zero output impedance (Zout)
 Infinite PSRR (dB) - power supply rejection ratio
 Infinite CMRR (dB) - common mode rejection ratio (differential mode and
common mode voltage)
 Zero noise
 Perfect Gain bandwidth (GBW) – can amplify any input signal and frequency
 Zero Supply Current (Isupply), infinite power supply voltage
 Why AVOL is infinite?
o Vout=(V+-V-)AVOL
o AVOL=Vout/(V+-V-); (V+-V-) = 0
o Thus, AVOL = infinite
 What is Common Mode Rejection?
 o Op-Amps rejects voltage that is common to its inputs and only
amplifies the difference of the voltage between its input
terminals
o Take: V+ = 1.7 & V- = 1.6; thus VCM=1.6
 Commonly Tested Parameters:
o Input Offset Voltage (Vos)
 Most frequently tested parameter of an op-amp
 VOS is used to determine other parameters like PSRR,
CMRR, Input Bias Current and AVOL
 PSRR = ∆VOS/∆VSupply
 PSRR = 20log(PSRRV/V) = ____ (in dB)
 CMRR = ∆VOS/∆VCM
 CMRR = 20log(CMRRV/V) = ____ (in dB)
 This is the difference of voltage between the 2 inputs of
an op-amp
 Is the voltage at the inputs needed to force the output
to 0V
 Ideal op-amps has VOS of 0V
 To force the output to 0V, we have to place a
differential input equal to the VOS of the op-amp so we
can force the output to 0V
 The size of the Input Offset Voltage of the op-amp is
determined by the input architecture
 For Comparators:
 Op-amp linear while comparator is Saturation
 OUTPUT HIGH if V+>V- and OUTPUT LOW if V-
>V+
 Hysteresis is the difference between the
positive and negative trip points of a
comparator
 Hysteresis: Ptrip – Ntrip = Hysteresis
 Hysteresis: to prevent false triggering (/or noise
suppressor)
o Supply Current
 This is the current consumed by the device from the
supply (VCC to VEE)
o Shutdown Supply Current
 The is the current consumed by the device from the
supply (VCC and VEE) when the device is in shutdown
mode
 How to measure SHDN if op amp HAS NO shutdown pin:
 Set Supply to 0V then measure
o Logic Current
  This is the current consumed by the logic pin (if any) of
an op-amp
 IIH (logic High) & IIL (logic Low)
o Output Leakage in Shutdown
o Input Bias Current (IBIAS)
 The current that flows through the input of the op-amps
o Input Offset Current (IOS)
 This is the difference (delta) between the current
flowing through IN+ and IN-
o Common Mode Rejection Ration
 It is the measure of how much the VOS of an op-amp
chances with respect to change in voltage Common
Mode (VCM)
 An ideal op-amp is immune to chances in VCM
 CMRR(uV/V) = ∆VOS/∆VCM
o Power Supply Rejection Ration (PSRR)
 It is the measure of how much the VOS of an op amp
chances with respect to the change in supply voltage
 An ideal op-amp is immune to chances in power supply
o Open Loop Gain (AVOL)
 This is the gin of an op-amp without feedback
connected (open loop)
 This is the ratio of the output voltage of the op-amp to
its input voltage
 AVOL(V/mV) = ∆VOUT/∆VOS
 AVOL(dB) = 20Log10|AVOL(V/mV)|
o Output Voltage Levels/Output Swing
 This indicates how close an output will swing on its rails.
 Other importance Terms and definitions
o Gain Bandwidth Product (GBW)
o Sourcing/Sinking of Current
o Push-pull/Open Drain
o Slew Rate (∆V/∆t)
o Complementary Output