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Novel Drunken Driving Detection and Prevention Models Using Internet of

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Conference Paper · July 2017

DOI: 10.1109/ICRTEECT.2017.38

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 Novel drunken driving detection and prevention
models using Internet of things
KONETI SANDEEP
Department of EEE
SR International Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
konetisandeep_eee@sriit.ac.in
Abstract—— In the modern arena, most of the accidents are
caused by drunken driving and driving under the influence (DUI).
Drunk driving is the only one reason behind most of the unnatural
deaths in the world. In this paper, Novel based IOT (Internet of
Things) module is proposed to protect the people from
unnecessary deaths caused by road accidents due to drunken
driving. The Proposed system makes use of the Internet of things
(IOT) device as Raspberry Pi 3 model B as a core. It mainly
includes Touch sensor, alcohol concentration detection sensor,
Facial recognition, Heart beat rate, to safeguard the drowsy
driver. We use different type of safeguarding things such as GPS
module, Triggering an alarm and Automatic ignition off etc.
Keywords—— Internet of things; Raspberry Pi3; Sensor;
Facial recognition; Clustering method
I. INTRODUCTION
Now-a-days crucial problem facing in the world is an
unnatural death due to drunk driving and driving under the
influence (DUI). The main aim of this paper is to reduce the
road accidents in the world, especially in India, according to the
transport research wing (INDIA) survey, accidents have been
increased by 2.5% from 2014 to 2015.From these analysis road
accidents occur about 1,374 deaths take place every day in India
[1]. Among the available data, 54.1% of persons were killed
between the ages of 15-34 years [1]. According to World Health
Organization (WHO) report, 70% of total road human deaths
were caused under the influence of drunken driving. Automatic
alcohol detection, prevention and approach is closely related to
the internet of things paradigm. Internet of things is nothing but
working parallel with the hardware and software of the system.
Using of IOT poses some unique results [2]. Several papers
were published about the issue, but the success rate was zero
due to some technical issues discussed below, Ease of Use.
II.EXISTING METHODOLOGIES
As per the previous researches which have been done on the
alcohol detection some of the authors proposed their ideas
among them.
1. Z. Xiaoronget proposed a model for automatic alcohol
detection based on using alcohol sensor MQ-3 and IOT, he used
STC12C516A microcontroller and alcohol sensor as main
components, by using these he detect the alcohol contentment
PONNAM RAVIKUMAR , SURA RANJITH
Department of ECE
SR International Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA
ravikumarponnam18@gmail.com
Ranjithsura1995@gmail.com
in the breath same as the breath analyzer, author fits alcohol
sensor, LCD display, GPRS module in the vehicle, if the
alcohol content detect over the limit then automatically
buzzering sound, LCD display will show the range of the
alcohol content in the breath at the same time it sends the
information to nearby cops with exact location of the vehicle
the vehicle automatically off [3].
Advantages:
• It is very cheap when compare to other systems, easy
to implement.
• MQ-3 alcohol is very cheap
• It off the car ignition automatically when it detects
beyond the normal limit.
Disadvantages:
• Whole system depends on the mq-3 sensor only, if
the sensor got damage no use.
• Threshold value of the system is static.
2. The second was reviewed and proposed by J. Dai,
implemented by using android phone which is equipped
with the accelerometer and an orientation sensor to known
whether driver is drunk or not. An android app is installed
in the system with stores the data about the vehicle
acceleration speed and sudden braking system. if vehicle
cross the speed limit. Sudden braking then app gets
activated start alarm [4].
Advantage:
• Cheapest method for prevention of the drunk driving.
• Entire process is done without any external
interference.
Disadvantages:
• A single algorithm is used for the entire system for
all test conditions.
• This method is depending on the Smartphone only, if
phone does not work properly this method will fail.
3. Third method is about the physiological behavior of the
drunken person as well as the physical changes, which can
 be detected by using the special sensors. The main changes a) Raspberry Pi 3
in the body are eye blinking, drowsiness, face turn into
reddish, sudden increase in the heart beat. To overcome
these, we use heart beat sensors, facial recognition, eye
blink detection camera [5].

Advantages:
• These sensors give accurate result with less no of
error when compare to other methods.
• These sensors not only save people from drunk and
also drowsy people.

Disadvantages:
• Less cost
• Long time using of these sensors, may works
inefficiently.
• Wearing these sensors may cause distraction while
driving.

4. The fourth method was relied on MQ-135 gas sensor for
alcohol detection, GPS and GSM systems for vehicle
tracking and alerting the people. The major defect was by
the gas sensor and no proper data analysis [6].
Advantages:
• External checking is not required.
• Only hardware interfacing is enough.
Disadvantages:
• Some gas sensor may detect other gases also so it
stops the vehicle.
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 2: Raspberry pi 3 model B
• The Raspberry Pi 3 is a single chip small PC. The
raspberry Pi foundation developed it in the UK in the
year of 2009.
• The Raspberry pi 3 model B is the third generation of
Raspberry pi. In the year of 2016 February, the
Raspberry pi 3 model B replaces the raspberry Pi 2
model.
• In the middle of the chip we have Broadcom chip,
this is 1.2 GHZ Broadcom 4 (quad –core) CPU.
• Based on Broadcom chips.

• Supported by UCCL and Broadcom.

• It could run Linux, C, Cpp, Java, python.

Advantages:
• Low cost
• Easily available in India
• Size and portability
• Simple and easy to maintain

Application
• For controlling motors, sensors, etc. it can be used in
the robotics.
• It is also used in industrial and home automation.

b) MQ-3 alcohol sensor

• This is an alcohol sensor. The package is MQ-3, which

Figure 1: Block diagram of Proposed Project
detects the alcohol in the someone’s (Drivers) breath.
It is used as like a breath analyzer’s or breathes testers
for the detection of ethanol in the human breath and
has good resistance to disturb of gasoline, smoke and
vapour.
 used to know whether the traffic is heavy or low in the same
sense it shows the different path to reach our destination. It also
gives information about hospitals, filling stations, tourist
places, hotels and –banks. GPS module is an inspirational and
ideological application involving in the navigation, surveying,
and tracking. It consumes 5V power supply. It works in all
weather conditions either it may be cold, hot, warm.

Figure3. MQ-3 Gas sensor [3]

• It has four pins, i.e. Vcc, GND, AOUT and DOUT. The
analog output of which is applied to the Raspberry Pi
3.
• Sensitive for Smoke, Alcohol, Ethanol.
• Suitable for alcohol checker, Breathalyzer.
• High sensitivity to alcohol (ethanol) and small
sensitivity to Benzene.
• Stable and long life.

c) Heart beat sensor

It senses the person’s pulse rate whether its normal
condition or not. Pulse rate sensor is used to detect heart beats.
It can be wearing on the finger or earlobe and connected to
raspberry pi 3 via cables. It also carries an open-source program
Figure 4: GPS module [7]
to display heart beat rate via diagrams in real time. It is an
optical heart rate sensor integrated with amplifying circuit and
noise-cancellation circuit. Specification: Power supply: 3V~5V
f) LCD Display
Package Include 1 x Heartbeat module for raspberrypi3 model
B.
A liquid crystal display is a flat panel screen that uses
light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Like LED and
d) Facial Recognition
gas-plasma technologies, LCDs are able to display much
thinner than the CRT.LCDs consume less power when
Facial recognition is a computerized application which compared to other displays. It works under the principals of
is capable to identify person’s face and changes which cannot blocking light rather than emitting it. LCDs uses matrix grid
be seen by our naked eyes. It detects nano changes in the concept. This module uses seven segment displays and other
person’s face. The main usage of these facial recognition in multi segment LEDs. The reason for using LCD display is
these paper to know whether the person drunk or not. It scans easily programmable and we can interface easily with every
when the driver sits in his regular position it automatically scans module. A 16*2 LCD display is the widely used in various
his face and stored in the memory when the driver gets down devices and circuits. It can display 16 characters per line and
from his place. Again, when the driver gets his position back there are two such lines. It can store different types of command
again it scans the face. The sensor compares with stored image instructions. These are only responsible for displaying.
and present image, when it detects any changes in his face, it
gives the message alert to the driver, in the same sense vehicle
won’t move.

e) GPS Module

Now-a-days the most advanced version which is used

to know positioning of the obstacle, human resource, etc. is
known as Global positioning system (GPS). It is a space based
satellite which is used to give the information about the
navigation on the earth. The system plays major role in the
military, civil and commercial purposes in the earth. GPS
device has many advantages, among them few are mentioned
below such as maps, including street views, displayed in video
format. It also gives street maps in human readable format. It
Figure 5: 16×2 LCD display
g) Alarms
Alarm device gives audible, visible signals when
a problem occurs which is outfitted with a siren. Alarm modules
are different type which includes such as burglar alarms, alarm
clock, distributed control systems. Alarms informs about the
bad working state of the system. Safety alarms, which goes if a
dangerous conditions occurs. In the same sense message alert
will be given to selected persons.

IV.PROPOSED PROJECT AND MODIFICATIONS

Different methods were proposed to the existing major

problem drunken driving detection, but we didn’t get proper
measurements by this. Therefore, we propose a novel method
to combine a number of factors and personalize for testing
people, other than normal approach.
The various parameters considered for the proposed
project are:
• Blood pressure and pulse rating
• Alcohol content
• Facial expressions
• Road information, i.e. Nature of road
• Acceleration and normal motion of the car

When the driver touches the start/stop button, the

detection system will be powered and activated. Now-a-days
our cars are getting smarter and a new safety feature is being
developed to protect against drunk driving. The touch based
technology reads blood alcohol below the skin surface. Touch
sensors will be placed in the car ignition button or in the
gearshift shine. A beam of light on to a finger, this touch based
system uses infrared ray’s spectroscopy to detect the level of
alcohol in the blood. Alcohol absorbs specific wavelengths of
light by measuring the lights intensity the system can precisely
pinpoint driver’s blood alcohol level. If the blood alcohol
concentration rises above the legal limit, the system counts as
‘1’, if not ‘0’. Simultaneously the system moves to other
sensors i.e. breath based system (using MQ-3 alcohol sensor),
Heart beat sensor, Facial recognition system. When these
sensors above the alcoholic legal limit, it counts as ‘1’, if not
‘0’ for all the sensors. If the system matches three of the sensors
automatically the ignition will be off.
For the safety measures of the driver, we are interfacing
with GSM and GPS modules, with help of these
modules message alert will be sent to the family members, cops.
Using GPS module, it gives exact location of the vehicle with
is latitude and longitude to the family, cops.

V. PROPOSED PROJECT FLOWCHART

The proposed Project flowchart explained as shown in

figure 6. In this the complete analysis of drunken driving
detection and prevention models explained step by step with
multiple stages of testing analysis. This method is accurate
compared to individual conventional methods proposed earlier.
First the testing person will start the engine with three different Figure 6: Proposed project flowchart
testing phenomena, in each testing stage we are having certain
boundaries. Based on the suggested limit it, it will allow
otherwise the ignition will turn off automatically with
probability of two or more events to be occurred at same time.
 VI. CONCLUSION
Drunk and driving accidents are one of the major
problems now-a –days. This paper provides much advanced
facility in now a day’s life as it can easily have implemented in
vehicles with multi stage testing such a way that we can avoid
accidents caused by Drunken driving. Thus, by this we can
reduce the alcohol related road accidents and hence these kind
of detectors has great importance in the future which we are
going to implement with IOT. Through this project we present
hardware programming of IOT device to facilitate as alcohol
detector and preventive device.
.
REFERENCES
[1] Data from NCRB, Government of India, available at
http://ncrb.nic.in/StatPublications/ADSI/ADSI2014/ADSI2014.asp
[2] "Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative". ITU. Retrieved 26 June
2015. - http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/gsi/iot/Pages/default.aspx
[3] Z. Xiaorong et al, “The Drunk Driving Automatic Detection System Based
on Internet of Things”, International Journal of Control and Automation,
Vol. 9, No. 2, 2016, pp. 297-306 -
https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/MQ-3.pdf
[4] J. Dai, J. Teng, X. Bai, Z. Shen, and D. Xuan. "Mobile phone based drunk
driving detection." In 2010 4th International Conference on Pervasive
Computing Technologies for Healthcare, pp. 1-8. IEEE, 2010
[5] A. R. Varma, S. V. Arote, C. Bharti, and K. Singh. "Accident prevention
using eye blinking and head movement." IJCA Proceedings on Emerging
Trends in Computer Science and Information Technology-2012
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[6] V. Savania, H. Agravata and D. Patela , “Alcohol Detection and Accident
Prevention of Vehicle”, International Journal of Innovative and Emerging
Research in Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 3, 2015, pp 55-59
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System.
[8] http://www.dadss.org/breath-based-technology.
[9] http://www.dadss.org/touch-based-technology.
[10] S sahabiswas, S sourav, “Drunken driving detection and prevention
models using Internet of things”, Information Technology, Electronics
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