THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

ES 31

LABORATOTY ACTIVITY
BUGNAY,JULA CLAIRE E.
BSAEng’g 4A
 1. The pressure gage on a 2.5 m3 oxygen tank reads 500 kPa.
Determine the amount of oxygen in the tank if the temperature is
28o C and the atmospheric is 97 kPa.

Given: Solution:

V= 2.5m3 a. Patm=Pabs – Pgage

Pgage=500 kPa Pabs=Patm + Pgage
O2=? Pabs=97 kPa + 500 kPa
T=28o + 273=301 K Pabs=597 kPa
Patm=97 kPa
b. PV=mRT
m=PV/RT
m= (597 kPa x 2.5m3) /
(0.2598 kj.kg-k x 301 K)
m= 19.08 Kg

2. A 400-L rigid tank contains 5 kg air at 25o C. Determine the reading

on the pressure gage if the atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa.

Assumptions:
At specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas.
Properties:
The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kPa.m3/kg.K (Table A-1).
Analysis:
Treating air as an ideal gas, the absolute pressure in the tank is determined
from

Given: Solution:
V =400-L P=mRT/V
m =5 kg P= (5 kg x 0.287 kPa.m3/kg.K x 298 K) / (0.4
T= 25o C m3)
Pgage=97 kPa P= 1069.1 kpa
Thus the gage pressure is
Pgage = P – Patm
Pgage = 1069.1 kPa – 97 kPa
Pgage = 972.1 kPa
 3. A 1-m3 tank containing air at 25°C and 500 kPa is connected
through a valve to another tank containing 5 kg of air at 35°C and
200 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the entire system is allowed
to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at
20°C. Determine the volume of the second tank and the final
equilibrium pressure of air.

Let the two tanks be represented by A and B as shown in the figure below.

Given:
Volume of the tank A, VA = 1 m3
Temperature of air in tank A, TA = 25 oC = 298 K
Pressure of air in tank A, PA = 500 kPa
Mass of air in tank B, mB = 5 kg
Temperature of air in tank B, TB = 35 oC = 308 K
Pressure of air in tank B, PB = 200 kPa
Surrounding temperature, Tsurr = 20 oC = 293 K
Solution:

Assuming, at given conditions air behaves as an ideal gas.

For air, gas constant R = 0.287 kJ/kmol K
From ideal gas equation, mass of air in tank A is determined by
mA = PAVA / RTA
mA = (500 kPa x 1m3) / (0.287 kj.kmol-K x 298 K)
mA= 5.846 kg
Volume of the tank B can be determined from
VB = mBRTB/PB
VB= (5 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 308 K) / (200 kPa)
VB= 2.21 m3

Now, when the valve is opened

Total volume, V = VA + VB = 1+ 2.21 = 3.21 m3
Total mass of air, m = mA + mB = 5 + 5.846 = 10.846 kg
The final equilibrium pressure (P) can be obtained from the ideal gas equation
applied to total volume
Therefore, P = mRTSum / V
P = (10.846 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 293 K) / 3.21 m3
P= 284.13 kPa.
 4. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of
the
air in the tire. When the air temperature is at 25o C, the pressure gauge
reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is 0.025 m3, determine the
pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises to 50O C.
Also determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore pressure
to its original value at this temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure
to be 100 kPa.
Figure:

Given: Solution:
T1= 25o C + 273= 298 K a. Pabs1= Pgage1 + Patm1
Pgage1= 210 kPa Pabs1= 210 kPa + 100 kPa
V= 0.025 m3 Pabs1= 310 kPa
Pabs= ? when T2= 50o C + 273= m1=P1v / RT1
323 K
m1= (310 kPa x 0.025 m3) / (0.287 kj.kg-
mabs= m1-m3 k x 298 K)
m1= 0.09062 kg

b. P2 =mRT2 / V
P2= (0.09062 kg x 0.287 kj.kg-k x 323
K) / (0.025 m3)
P2= 336.0 kPa
Pabs= Pabs2 – Pabs1
Pabs= 336 kPa – 310 kPa
Pabs= 26 kPa

c. Thus T3= 323 K, P3=P1= 310 kPa

m3= P3V / RT3
m3= (310 kPa x 0.025 m3) / (0.287 kj.kg-
k x 323 K)
m3= 0.08360 kg
mabs= m2 – m1
mabs= 0.09062 kg – 0.08360 kg
mabs= 0.007018 kg