Lgec004: Automatic on route Bus tracking system

Millions of travelers travel by bus daily in our country. Travelers frequently face problems of
waiting long hours at bus stop without knowing when the next bus will arrive or without getting
enough information about the bus coming/leaving from bus station. This is because buses are not
traced when they are on route. Even when the bus is at the station conductor has to informed
stationmaster about bus arrival. This has caused huge inconvenience to passengers traveling by
buses.
If vehicle tracking system which uses RF technology to track/predict when the next bus will arrive
at any given bus stop, thereby eliminating wait times and any need for schedules for all riders.
Riders at the bus stop will know which and when the next bus will arrive at the bus stop.
Automatically managing the arrival, departure related information of all the buses. Automating and
integrating all the information related devices thus automatically displaying all the information to
the travelers at various bus stops. This system is developed not only for buses, but also for trams,
light rail operations and other public transportation vehicles.

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION:

Receives by
RF transmits receiver at bus stop Decoded and
unique Bus code process by MC

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

RECEIVER: DISPLAY UNIT

ANTENNA

DECODER
HT12D MICROCONTROLLER
RF-RX

www.Labsguru.com POWER SUPPLY & ANTENNA

Lucknow Branch: REGULATOR
3rd floor, Vaibhav Complex, Maruti Puram, Opposite Lekhraj Khazana, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-226 016,
Phone: 09793202258/0522 3294128,
Mumbai Branch: Mobile: 09793202258/022 32096033
 TRANSMITTER:

4-Bit
UIC
ENCODER
HT12E RF- TX

DESCRIPTION

The complete working of RFID based bus identification system can be divided in the following
blocks for easier understanding:

1. RFID TAG: This tag is essentially a RF transmitter that transmits encoded signals. It can be
further classified into following parts:

 UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION CODE (UIC): This part is unique for every RF Tag. It creates
a unique code that is used to identify the tag when the data is read by RF reader. The UIC used
here is a 4 bit data. Thus this UIC can be used for unique identification of at most 15 different
things.

 ENCODER: This part converts the UIC into an encrypted data that can be transmitted over RF
channels. The encoder used here is HT12E which can be used to encrypt 4 bit data. The
encrypted data is a serial digital signal.

 TRANSMITTER: This part takes the encrypted data from transmitter and transmits it in form
of Radio Frequency. The transmitter used here is ASK 315 MHz RF-TX modules.

 POWER SUPPLY BLOCK: This consist a 12V power supply source and a power regulator
(7805) to get 5v power supply. This 5v supply drives the transmitter and the encoder.

2. RFID RECIEVER:
This reader is basically a RF receiver that receives encoded signals decodes them and displays the
tag number on the displaying unit. It can be further classified into following parts:

 RECIEVER: It receives the encrypted data in form of RF waves and converts it into
electronic signals. The receiver used here is ASK 315 MHz RF-RX modules.

 DECODER: This part decrypts the data to yield the UIC of the tag. This UIC is fed into the
microcontroller. HT12D has been used here which is compatible with HT12E module. The
output is the UIC of the Tag in a 4 bit format.
www.Labsguru.com
Lucknow Branch:
3rd floor, Vaibhav Complex, Maruti Puram, Opposite Lekhraj Khazana, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-226 016,
Phone: 09793202258/0522 3294128,
Mumbai Branch: Mobile: 09793202258/022 32096033
  MICROCONTROLLER: Microcontroller takes the UIC data from the decoder. Based on this
data it deciphers the source of the signal. It then displays this data and the source on the Display
Unit. The microcontroller used in this project is AT89s8253.

 DISPLAY UNIT: It is 16*2 LCD that shows the Tag ID number as instructed by the
microcontroller.

 POWER SUPPLY BLOCK: This consist a 12V power supply source and a power regulator
(7805) to get 5v power supply. This 5v supply drives the receiver, decoder microcontroller and
the LCD.

MICROCONTROLLER DETAILS:
The microcontroller used here is a common 8 bit Atmel microcontroller AT89s8253.It is a low-
power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with12K bytes of In-System Programmable
(ISP) Flash program memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM data memory. It has 32 programmable
input output lines.
FEATURES:

• 12K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Program Memory

– SPI Serial Interface for Program Downloading
– Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 2K Bytes EEPROM Data Memory
– Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 2.7V to 5.5V Operating Range
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz (in x1 and x2 Modes)
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Nine Interrupt Sources
• Enhanced UART Serial Port with Framing Error Detection and Automatic Address Recognition

www.Labsguru.com
Lucknow Branch:
3rd floor, Vaibhav Complex, Maruti Puram, Opposite Lekhraj Khazana, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-226 016,
Phone: 09793202258/0522 3294128,
Mumbai Branch: Mobile: 09793202258/022 32096033
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RF-ID TAG:

www.Labsguru.com
Lucknow Branch:
3rd floor, Vaibhav Complex, Maruti Puram, Opposite Lekhraj Khazana, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-226 016,
Phone: 09793202258/0522 3294128,
Mumbai Branch: Mobile: 09793202258/022 32096033
 RF-ID READER

KEY COMPONENTS:
TYPE COMPONENT QUANTITY
RF RECEIVER ASK 315MHZ RF-RX 1
DECODER HT12D 1
MICROCONTROLLER AT89S8253 1
DISPLAY 16*2 LCD 1
RF TRANSMITTER ASK 315MHZ RF-TX 1
ENCODER HT12E 1
OSCILLATOR 16MHZ CRYSTAL 1
POWER SUPPLY 12V BATTERY 1

www.Labsguru.com
Lucknow Branch:
3rd floor, Vaibhav Complex, Maruti Puram, Opposite Lekhraj Khazana, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-226 016,
Phone: 09793202258/0522 3294128,
Mumbai Branch: Mobile: 09793202258/022 32096033
 POWER REGULATOR 7805 1

ADVANTAGES OVER TRADITIONAL TAGGING SYSTEM:

• Modernizes the entire tracking system.

• It is a very user friendly and can even be used by children’s.
• Simple to operate and can be installed in a short time.
• Can be used to track virtually everything.
• No scope for error in detection of RF-ID tags.
• Facilitates quick and accurate detection and tracking is possible instantaneously.
• Re-usable by simply attaching the tag to some other object.
• Easier to manage with very less demand on man-power.
• It has a variable range of operation and hence it can be used at almost all places.

APPLICATIONS:

• This RF ID tagging system can used to keep a track of shipping goods and vehicles in a
completely automated manner. The transport vehicle can be tracked at the shipping and the
receiving organization to automatically update delivery status.

www.Labsguru.com
Lucknow Branch:
3rd floor, Vaibhav Complex, Maruti Puram, Opposite Lekhraj Khazana, Faizabad Road, Lucknow-226 016,
Phone: 09793202258/0522 3294128,
Mumbai Branch: Mobile: 09793202258/022 32096033