CHAPTER 12 STUDY QUESTIONS: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease

Understand and be able to use/apply the following terms:

Symbiosis Commensal Parasitic Mutualistic

Microbiota of intestine Innate vs. specific Prions Creutzfeldt-Jakob dz
defenses
Kuru Fatal Familial Insomnia Latent Herpesviruses (esp I, II)
Capsid Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) HPV
Zika Exotoxin vs. endotoxin Acid-fast and gram stains Lyme dz
Mycoplasma bacteria Coccidioides immitis Candida albicans Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Neurocysticercosis Serology Antibody titers Culture/Sensitivity (C/S)
Monoclonal antibodies Antibiotics Bacteriocidal v bacteriostatic Antibiotic resistance
Ebola Antiviral meds Antifungal meds Immunotherapy
Debridement Bioterrorism Nosocomial infections Biofilm

1. What role do the microbiota of the large intestine play in health and dz? What are pre-biotics and pro-
biotics?

2. Describe the courses of acute and chronic disease. Define incubation, prodromal and convalescent
stages.

3. What are prions? What diseases are associated with prion diseases?

4. How are viruses different from other pathogens? What does the term latent mean? Name several types
of Herpesviruses. Be very familiar with HSV1 & HSV2, including S & S, Dx, Rx, and the risk of a
neonate contracting HSV2 from the mother. Be very familiar with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).
Why do pregnant women want to avoid Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

5. Be familiar with the following bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus
influenza, Clostridium difficile, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In general, how are
bacteria treated? What is antibiotic resistance? Give an example of an antibiotic resistant-organism.

6. Name the organism that causes Valley fever. Which organism causes thrush? In general, how are
fungal infections diagnosed and treated?

7. What is Amebic meningoencephalitis? How are they contracted? What actually causes symptoms and
morbidity (and often mortality)?

8. In general, how can we prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

9. What are the common pathogen portals of entry? Define nosocomial infection. How can we prevent
these?

10. Describe the basic mechanism of anti-microbial agents. Discriminate between bacteriocidal vs.
bacteriostatic antibiotics. How do anti-virals work? Explain how antibiotic resistance occurs and
how/why it could have such a devastating effect.

11. State three diseases/disorders that are caused by HPV. Besides sexual abstinence and use of condoms,
how can we prevent these diseases? (Refer to Ch 8, Neoplasia)

12. Contrast the clinical presentation of genital warts and herpes simplex 2 genital herpes infections.
 CHAPTER 14 STUDY GUIDE: Inflammation, Fever, Tissue Repair & Wound Healing

Understand and be able to use/apply the following terms. A good way to approach this is to write down what you think
each term means and then explain it to the people at your table or come to my office and discuss it with me. I don’t
recommend copying the definitions from the chapter and memorizing it. You can start there and go deeper by explaining
what you think you are reading:
Pyrexia & Pyrogens Acute Vs. Chronic Endothelial Cells (EC) Mast Cells
Inflammation
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Mediators Of Inflammation Histamine Nitric Oxide
Exudate PAF Resolution Band
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes
Macrophages Arachidonic Acid Nsaids Corticosteroids
Tumor Necrosis Factor Interleukins And IL-1 Eicosanoid Prostaglandin
Alpha
Leukotrienes Mononuclear Cells Non-Specific Chronic Granulomatous
Inflammation Inflammation
Omega-3 Vs. Omega-6 Parenchyma Vs. Stroma Granulation Tissue Adhesions
Fatty Acids

1. What causes inflammation? What is the purpose of inflammation? What are hallmark signs and symptoms
of local inflammation? What are some systemic responses to inflammation?

2. What are the 2 stages of acute inflammation? How do these stages lead to the cardinal S & S of
inflammation? What is exudate? Why does it happen?

3. Write down important aspects of endothelial cells: what is their normal function, how are they injured, what
do they release normally and when injured?

4. What is the role of platelets and the various WBCs in the inflammatory process?

5. What is the role of mast cells in inflammation? What types of chemicals do they secrete?

6. List some cell-derived mediators of inflammation. What is arachidonic acid and what role does it play in
inflammation? How do aspirin and other NSAIDs work? Why might it be beneficial to give a TNF-blocking
medication?

7. List some plasma-derived mediators of inflammation. Name 4 acute phase proteins that we might find in
the plasma of a person with an inflammatory disorder.

8. Compare and contrast acute vs. chronic inflammation. Name some typical causes of chronic inflammation.

9. Chronic inflammation can increase the risk for several chronic diseases, such as ____________ ? What are
some strategies in treating chronic inflammation?

11. What are the benefits of a moderate fever? What role do prostaglandins play in fevers? Give some
examples of pyrogens.

12. What is the difference between parenchymal and stromal tissues?

13. Review the major steps in wound healing. What is the difference between wound healing with primary
vs. secondary intention? What factors affect wound healing (especially nutrition)? Why is it important for
oxygen to reach a wound in order for it to heal?

14. What are some complications of scar formation?