Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

R E V I S I 0 N P A C K
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Higher Mathematics
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! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

The Circle

1. State the centre and radius of each circle below :

(a) x 2 + y 2 = 100 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 6x ! 10 y ! 2 = 0 (c) 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 ! 6x + 3y ! 12 = 0 .

2. Find the equations of the circles specified as follows :

(a) Centre (2,-4) , radius 5.

(b) Centre (-1,3) and passing through the point (5,11).

(c) Passing through the points A(3,7) and B(-5,1) and having AB as a diameter.

3. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points P(-5,1) , Q(-1,-1) and R(3,7).

4. Show that the following two circles touch externally at a single point :

x 2 + y 2 ! 10x ! 14 y + 54 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 ! 4x ! 2 y = 0.

5. Show that the point E(-1,2) lies on the circumference of the circle with equation
x 2 + y 2 ! 2 x ! 3y ! 1 = 0 and find the coordinates of the point F, given that EF is a diameter.

6. Verify that the point A(4,2) lies on the circumference of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 3x ! 3 y ! 26 = 0 and
find the equation of the tangent at this point.

7. A circle has as its equation x 2 + y 2 ! 4 x ! 10 y + 19 = 0 .

(a) Find the equation of the chord of this circle which has (1,3) as its mid-point.

(b) Find the coordinates of the two points where this chord cuts the circle and hence
verify that (1,3) is the mid-point of this chord.

8. A circle has as its equation x 2 + y 2 ! 6x + 16 y + 8 = 0 .

(a) Verify that the point (4,0) lies on the circle.

(b) Find the equation of the tangent at this point.

(c) Find the equation of the parallel tangent.

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

The Straight Line

1. Find the gradients of the lines between the following sets of points :

(a) A(2,8) and B(-4,10) (b) P(-3,-6) and Q(-1,2) .

2. The points E and F have coordinates (2,-5) and (-4, a) respectively.

Given that the gradient of the line EF is 23 , find the value of a .

3. If the points (3 , 2) , (-1 , 0) and (4 , k) are collinear, find k .

4. Find the equations of the lines specified as follows :

(a) Passing through the point P(2,-3) with gradient 4 .

(b) Passing through the points A(-1,1) and B(3,-1) .

(c) Passing through (4,-5) and parallel to the line with equation 3x + 2 y = 8 .

5. Prove that the lines with equations y = !5x + 2 and 2 x ! 10 y = 15 are perpendicular.

6. The line PQ has end-points P(6,-5) and Q(-2,-3) . Find the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of PQ.

7. Triangle ABC has vertices (2,6) , (-7,4) and (4,-8) respectively.

(a) Find the equation of the median from B to AC .

(b) Find the equation of the altitude from A to BC .

8. Triangle PQR has vertices (2,3) , (-3,-2) and (3,0) respectively.

(a) Find the equations of the perpendicular bisectors of sides RQ and PR .

(b) Find the coordinates of the point T , the point of intersection of these
two bisectors.

(c) Show that P , T and Q are collinear.

9. ABCD is a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect at E . If A , B and E are the points

(-1,0) , (3,-2) and (1,4) respectively, find the equation of DC

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Differentiation 1

1. Differentiate each of the following with respect to x :

(a) 3x 2 + 6x (b) x 4 ! 2 x !1 + 4 (c) ( 2 x + 3) 2

2. Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to the relevant variable :

1 1 1
(a) f (x) = x3 (x ! x2 ) (b) g ( x ) = 3x 2 + (c) h (x) = +
x3 x 3x 2

1 3 1 ! 13 2 1
(d) f (t ) = t 2 (t 2 + t 2 ) (e) g ( p) = (p ! p 3) (f) h (u) = u +
p 2 u

3
x5 + 2x 2 5v + 2 1 ! t2 + t 2 $
(g) g(x) = (h) f (v ) = (i) h (t ) = # &
x4 v t" t %

3. Calculate the rate of change of :

(a) f (x) = x3 ! 2x2 at x=2 (b) h ( t ) = ( t ! 1)( 2 t + 3) at t = !1

4. The amount of pressure P (pounds per square inch) within a cylinder varies with
time t (milliseconds) according to the formula P ( t ) = 400t ! 50t 2 .

(a) Calculate the rate of change of P when t = 2 .

(b) Calculate how fast P is changing when t = 4 .
(c) How is the rate of P changing when t = 5 ? Comment.

5. (a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve with equation y = 3x 2 ! 2 x at
the point where x = !1 .
1 1
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = + x at the point where x = 2
.
x

6. A function f is given by f ( x ) = 3x 2 ! 2 x 3 . Determine the interval on which f is increasing.

7. Find the stationary points of the curve y = x 2 (12 ! 4 x ! 3x 2 ) and determine their nature.

8. A curve has as its equation y = x ( 2 ! x ) 2 .

(a) Find the stationary points of the curve and determine the nature of each.

(b) Write down the coordinates of the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.

(c) Sketch the curve.

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Quadratic Theory

1. Write each of the following quadratic expressions in the form a ( x + b ) 2 + c :

(a ) x 2 + 6x ! 3 (b ) x 2 ! 5x + 1 ( c) 3x 2 + 12 x + 2

(d ) 2 x 2 ! 6x ! 4 ( e) 4 + 8x ! x 2 (f ) 1 ! 4x ! 2x 2

2. (a) Show that the function f ( x ) = 2 x 2 ! 16x + 7 can be written in the

form f ( x ) = a ( x + p ) 2 + q and write down the values of a , p and q.

Hence state the minimum value of the function and the corresponding value of x .

(b) Express the function g(! ) = sin 2 ! " sin ! " 1 in the form g (! ) = (sin ! + p) 2 + q
and write down the values of p and q .

Given that 0 < ! < " 2 , state the minimum value of g and the corresponding
replacement for ! .

3. (a) Find the value of k which results in the equation k x 2 + 2 kx ! 1 = 0 having

equal roots, given that k ! 0 ?

(b) A quadratic equation is given as x 2 + ( p ! 3) x + ( 1 4 ! 3 p ) = 0 .

For what values of p will the above equation have i) equal roots ;
ii) no real roots.

(c) Show that the roots of the equation ( t ! 1) x 2 + 2 tx + 4 = 0 are real for
all values of t .

4. A computer generating random products using two variables delivers out the following
four expressions on printed cards :
card 4
card 2
4x +1
card 1 2!k card 3
4x 2 2k + 1

(a) Given that the product of cards 1 and 3 is equal to the product of cards 2 and 4 ,
show that the following equation can be constructed

(8k + 4 ) x 2 + ( 4 k ! 8) x + ( k ! 2 ) = 0

(b) Hence find the values of k so that the above equation has equal roots.
! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Functions

1. The functions f ( x ) = x 2 + x and g ( x ) = 3x ! 1 are defined on the set

of positive real numbers (R+ ) .

(a) Evaluate i) g ( f ( 2) ii ) f (g (!1)) .

(b) Find a formula for i) f (g ( x ))

ii) g ( f ( a ))

iii) f ( f ( k ))

(c) Find a formula for the inverse function g !1 ( x ) .

2. On a suitable set of real numbers, functions f and h are defined by :

2 1
f (x ) = and h(x ) = + 1
3x ! 3 x2

(a) Find f (h ( x )) in its simplest form.

(b) Find a formula for the function f !1

( x ) and state a suitable domain
for this inverse function.

1
3. A function is defined as f (x ) = .
2x + 1

(a) Define the largest possible domain available to this function on the set of real numbers.

!1 1 ! x
(b) Show that the inverse function f !1 ( x ) can be written in the form f (x ) = .
2x

!1
(c) Hence find the two possible values of x such that f (x ) = f (x ) .

4. Two functions f and h are defined on the set of real numbers as follows :

1
f (x ) = 2x + 1 , h(x ) = ,x"1 .
x ! 1

x +1
(a) Given that g ( x ) = f (h ( x )) show that g(x) can be written as g ( x ) = .
x !1
(b) Hence verify that g !1 ( x ) = g ( x ) .

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Vectors (1)

1. The vertices of a triangle are A(2,3) , B(-4,1) and C(5,-4).

(a) Find in component form the vectors represented by the following displacements :

! !
i) AC ii ) CB

!
(b) Calculate the magnitude of AB .

"2% " 0% " 6%

$ ' $ ' $ '
2. Given that a = $ !1' , b = $ 1' and c = $ 1 ' .
~ ~ ~
$ ' $ ' $ '
#4& # !2& # !4&

(a) Find in component form the vectors represented by i) a + 2 b ii) 3c ! a .

~ ~ ~ ~

(b) Calculate (2a ! b) .

~ ~

3. Two forces are represented by the vectors F1 = 2 i + j ! 3 k and F2 = i + 4 k .

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Find the magnitude of the resultant force F1 + F2 .

4. Points P , Q and R have coordinates (1,3,2) , (-2,0,6) and (-4,1,-5) respectively.

Given that 2PQ = RS , find the coordinates of the point S .

5. Prove that the points E(2,-2,0) , F(1,4,-3) and G(-1,16,-9) are collinear, and find the
ratio EF : FG.

6. Two vectors are defined as V1 = 3 i + 2 j ! k and V2 = 2 i ! j + 4 k .

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Show that these two vectors are perpendicular.

" 2%
$ '
7. Vector v is a unit vector parallel to the vector u = $ !1 ' . Find v .
~ ~ ~
$ 1'
# &

8. The magnitude of vector a is 2 units and the magnitude of vector b is 2 2 units.

~ ~

Given that the angle between the two vectors is 45o evaluate the scalar product a . ( a ! b )
~ ~ ~

What can you say about the angle between the vectors a and a ! b ?
~ ~ ~

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Vectors (2)

" 2% " 2 %
$ ' $ '
1. Vectors a and b are given as
~ ~ $ 3' and $ ! 4' respectively.
$ ' $ '
# !2& # !2 &

(a) Prove that the angle between these two vectors is obtuse.

(b) Vector u = 2 a and v = a + b . Calculate the angle between the

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

vectors u and v .
~ ~

! 2$
# &
(c) Vector c has components # k & . Find k, given that c is perpendicular to a .
~ ~ ~
# &
"5%

2. The diagram below is a schematic of an elastic coupling used as part of a

cassette door mechanism. Relative to an origin O , points A , B and C
have coordinates (-2,1,-1) , (0,-2,3) and (-3,1,1) respectively .

C(-3,1,1)

B(0,-2,3)

A(-2,1,-1)

Calculate the size of angle ABC .

3. A cuboid is placed on coordinate axes as shown.

The dimensions of the cuboid are in the ratio OA : AB : BF = 4 : 1 : 2

The point F has coordinates (12, p, q) as shown.

z

G F (12, p, q)

D E
y
C B

O A x

(a) Establish the values of p and q .

(b) Write down the coordinates of the points A and C and hence calculate the size
of ! ACF .
! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Sequences and Recurrence Relations

1. (a) If £300 is invested at an interest rate of 4 ! 5 % per annum, find the total value
of the investment after 5 years .

(b) How many years, at the same rate of interest, would it take to double the investment ?

2. A recurrence relationship is defined as U n +1 = aU n + b .

(a) List the four terms U1 to U 4 of this sequence when U 0 = 30 , a = 0 ! 8 and b = 4 .

(b) Describe why this particular sequence has a limit.

(c) Calculate the limit of this sequence.

3. A sequence is defined by the recurrence relation U n +1 = k U n + c , where k and c are

constants.

(a) Given that U 0 = 60 , U1 = 10 and U 2 = ! 15 , form a system of equations and

solve it to find k and c .
(b) Find U 4 .

4. An unstable atomic particle decays in mass by half every two hours. At the end of each
2 hour period it is bombarded by atomic matter which allows it to recover a mass of 12 a.mu.

(a) By considering a suitable recurrence relationship and taking the original mass of the
particle to be 40 a.m.u. , calculate the number of hours it will take to decay to a value
which is below 32% of its original mass.

(b) If the mass of this particle falls below 12 ! 3 a.m.u. it becomes highly unstable resulting
in an explosion.
Should the scientists allow this experiment to continue over a long period of time ?
Explain your answer.

5. An antibiotic in the body dissipates at the rate of 8% during each 10 minute period from the
initial administration.

(a) If an initial dose of 100 units is given what amount of antibiotic will still be
present in a patients bloodstream after 1 hour ?

(b) A doctor prescribes this drug to a patient. It is known that in order to be effective a level
of at least 100 units must be maintained over the long term, however the drug becomes
toxic if the level exceeds 300 units.
The doctor prescribes 100 units every hour. Is this treatment satisfactory ?
Your answer must be accompanied by the appropriate working and justifications.

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Integration

1. Find : a)
! ( 9 x 2 + 6 x ) dx
b)
! ( 3x ! x 2 ) 2 dx
c)
! ( x + 1)
dx
x2

2. Evaluate each of the following definite integrals :

4 1
x2 + 2 x 1
(a)
! 1 x
dx (b)
" !1 v
( 1
)
3v 3 ! v ! 3 dv

dy 1
3. A curve is such that its derivative is defined as = x ! 2 .
dx x
If the curve passes through the point ( 2 , ! 25 ) , find the equation of the curve.

dy 24
4. For the curve y = f ( x ) where x > 0 , = 6 ! 2
dx x
If the minimum turning value of the function is 20 , find f (x) .

5. Find the area enclosed between the parabola y = 4 x ! x 2 and the straight line y = x .
y = 2x
y
6. (a) Find the area in the first quadrant bounded by the
curve y = 4 x ! x 3 and the x - axis .
y = 4x ! x3
(b) Show that the line y = 2 x divides this area into two
parts which are in the ratio 1 : 3 . o x

7. The cross-sectional area of a ships hydro-foil is shown in the

diagram opposite with rectangular axes having been added. y
y = 5 + 4x ! x2
The top surface has as its equation y = 5 + 4 x ! x 2 and the
B
lower surface y = ( x ! 1) 2 + 4 .
A
y = ( x ! 1) 2 + 4
(a) Establish the coordinates of A and B , the
points of intersection of the two curves. o x

(b) Hence calculate the cross-sectional area of the

hydro-foil in square units.

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Trig. Equations

1. Solve each of the following equations :

(a) 3 tan xo + 2 = 1 , for 0 ! x < 360o

(b) 4 sin 2 ! = 1 , for 0 # ! < 2"

(c) 2 sin 2 xo + 1 = 0 , for 0 ! x < 360o

(d) 3 cos 3xo ! 1 = 0 , for 0 " x < 180o

2. Solve each of the following equations for 0 ! x < 360o :

(a ) 3 sin 2 xo + 2 sin xo ! 1 = 0 (b) 2 cos 2 xo ! 3 sin xo ! 1 = 0

(c) cos xo = 1
2
sin 2 xo (d) cos 2 xo ! sin xo = 4 sin 2 xo

3. Solve the equation 8 cos xo + 15 sin xo = 10 for 0 ! x < 360o .

4. Solve 3 sin ! # 1 = cos! for 0 $ ! < 2" .

5. Solve the equation 4 sin 2 xo ! 3 cos 2 xo = 1 for 0 " x < 180o .

6. (a) Express 4 cos2 xo + 4 sin xo cos xo ! 3 = 0 in the form P cos 2 xo + Q sin 2 xo = R ,

and write down the values of P , Q and R .

(b) Hence solve the equation 4 cos2 xo + 4 sin xo cos xo ! 3 = 0 , for 0 ! x < 90o .

7. The diagram opposite shows a rectangular rocket launcher

ABCD . The launcher is hinged at point A. The sliding rod
PC has been fixed such that ! APC = 90o .
C
AB = 60 cm and BC = 20 cm and ! BAY = " as shown. 20cm

B
(a) Use the diagram to show that the height of C above
XY can be expressed as h cm
D 60 cm
h = 60 sin! + 20 cos!
(b) Given that h = 54 cm , claculate the size of angle !
x A y
! to the nearest degree. P

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

The Exponential & Logarithmic Function

1. Solve each of the following equations for x , rounding your answers to two decimal places.

1
(a) 7 x = 24 (b) 3!2 x =
50

2. The rate of decomposition of an acid in a solution obeys the law C = 4 e!0" 025t , where C is the
concentration in millilitres of acid left after t minutes.

(a) What is the intial concentration of acid ?

(b) Determine how long it takes for the concentration to reach 3ml , giving your answer to the
nearest second.

(c) How long does it take to reduce to half its original concentration ?

3. Solve for x in 2 log 2 1x + 3 log 2 x = 4 .

4. Radioactive isotopes are used as indicators for bearing wear in high speed machinery.
The rate of decay of these isotopes is measured in terms of their half-life , i.e. the time required
for one half of the material to decay.
For a particular isotope the mass present at any time M a.m.u. (atomic mass units), at time
t hours is given by :
M = M 0 e! kt
, where k is a constant and M 0 is the initial mass.

Experiments have shown that at t = 3 , M = 0 ! 8 M 0 .

(a) Find the value of k correct to 3 decimal places.

(b) Hence evaluate the half-life of the isotope to the nearest minute.

5. From an experiment corresponding replacements for P

and Q were found.
log10Q
log10 P was plotted against log10 Q and a best fitting
straight line drawn, as shown in the diagram. 2.60 ( 0 ! 44 , 2 ! 60 )

(a) Show that a possible relationship between

P and Q is of the form :
1.80
Q = k Pn .

(b) Find the values of n and k to one decimal ( 0 ! 08 , 1 ! 32 )

place. 1.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

! Pegasys 2004 log10P

Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Graphicacy

1. Write down an equation which describes the relationship between x and y in each graph below :

y y y
(a) 4 (b) (c)
20 6

360o
2
o x o 360o x
o 180o x
-4 -2
-20

2. The graph of y = f ( x ) is shown opposite. y

4
(a) Draw a sketch of y = ! f ( x ) .

(b) Draw a sketch of y = f (! x ) + 1 . -3 o x

(c) Draw a sketch of y = f ( x ! 3) .

(d) Draw a sketch of y = f !1 ( x ) .

3. For each graph below y = f ( x )

Draw a sketch of the graph of the derivative, y = f !( x ) , of each function.

y y

(a) (b) (4,5)

x
x

(-1,-3)

y y
(c) (d)
6
3

(-3,1)

x
x

(-2,-2) (2,-2)

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

The Wave Function ( a cos x + b sin x )

1. (a) Express 3 cos xo + sin xo in the form k sin( x + ! )o , where k and ! are
constants and k > 0.

(b) Hence state the minimum value of the function f given that
12
f (x ) = , and the corresponding replacement for x .
3 cos x + sin xo + 4
o

2. The formula h = 3 sin 15 t o + 4 cos 15 t o + 25 represents the height, in metres, of a

wave-power boom above the sea bed at time t hours after midnight.

(a) Express h in the form k cos( 15 t ! " )o + 25 .

(b) What is the booms minimum height above the sea bed and at what time
does this minimum clearance occur ?

(c) Sketch the graph of h against t for 0 ! t ! 24 , showing clearly all relevant points.

(d) The boom generates the most power when it is 27 metres or more above the sea bed.
For what length of time is this ideal situation in operation ?
Give your answer correct to the nearest minute.

3. The diagram opposite shows an A-Frame used to support an P

1
inspection platform on an North Sea oil-rig. S
Angle SQT is a right-angle, !QTS = " radians and all lengths
are in metres. Q
3
(a) Show that the length of RQ is given as 2 + 3 cos! and
!
PQ as 1 + 3 sin! .
T
(b) Hence express PR 2 in the form a cos! + b sin! + c and
2
write down the values of a , b and c . ST is parallel to PR

R
(c) Find the maximum length of PR and the corresponding value
of ! . Give your answers correct to 1 d.p.

4. (a) Show that 4 sin ( x + 30)o ! cos xo can be written as 2 3 sin xo + cos xo .

(b) Express 2 3 sin xo + cos xo in the form k cos( x ! " )o , where k > 0 and
! is acute, and write down the values of k and ! .

(c) Hence solve the equation 4 sin ( x + 30)o ! cos xo = 1 for 0 ! x < 360 .
! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Mixed Exercise (1)

1. (a) Verify that x + 3 is a factor of 2 x 3 + 3x 2 ! 11x ! 6 and hence

factorise the expression completely.

1
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 8x + at the
x
1
point where x = 2
.

2. (a) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 x ! 4 y ! 5 = 0

at the point (2,3) on the circle.

(b) Show that the line y = 2 x ! 8 is a tangent to the circle with equation
x 2 + y 2 ! 4 x ! 2 y = 0 , and find the coordinates of the point of contact.

3. (a) Given that v = (2 x + 1) , find

dv dv
i) ii) x given that = 5 .
dx dx

(b) Given that f ( x ) = sin 4 x ! 2 cos2 x evaluate f ! ( "4 ) .

4. Triangle ABC has vertices (-2,5) , (6,1) and (2,-7) respectively.

(a) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of BC.

(b) Show that this perpendicular passes through the mid-point of side AC.

3
(c) The perpendicular produced meets the line through A with gradient 4

at T , find the coordinates of T .

5. A and B are the points with coordinates (3,0,1) and (4,0,2) respectively.

! !
(a) Given that BP = k AB , establish the coordinates of P in terms
of k .

(b) Given now that OP is perpendicular to AB, find the value of k .

6. For what values of k does the quadratic equation kx 2 + 2 x + ( 6k ! 1) = 0 ,

have equal roots ?

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Mixed Exercise (2)

1. A , B and C are the points ( 72 , ! 1 , ! 2 ) , ( 2 , 1 , ! 3 ) and ( 132 , ! 5 , 0 ) .

(a) Show that A , B and C are collinear and state the value of the
ratio BA : AC.

(b) If the point P( k , 1 , 1 ) is such that BP is perpendicular to AC,

find the value of k .

2. The diagram below shows a sketch of the graph of y = f ( x )

where f ( x ) = x 3 ! 2 x 2 ! 5x + 6 .
y

o 1 x

(a) Show that x ! 1 is a factor of this function and hence fully factorise f ( x ) .
C
(b) Calculate the shaded area.

6
3. In the diagram opposite, show that D
the exact value of
! 1
4
cos! = A B
3 2 2

4. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 3x 2 ! 2 at the point where x = 2 .

5. Solve the equation 2 cos 2 xo = sin xo ! 1 , for 0 ! x < 360 .

6. A competitor in a long distance yacht race loses his mast in a storm. Now drifting
helplessly he decides to ration his food supply. The only food on board is 16 kg of salted fish.
He decides to eat 10% of his remaining food each day and is confident he can catch
one fish each night (on his solitary hook) weighing an average of 0 ! 6 kg.

(a) How long is it before his supply drops below 12 kg ?

(b) Will he ever run out of food ? Discuss the limit of this sequence.
! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Mixed Exercise (3)

1. The functions f ( x ) = 4 ! x 2 and g ( x ) = 2 k ! x , where k is a constant , are

defined on the set of positive real numbers.

(a) Show that f (g ( x )) + 2 [g ( f ( x )) + 4 k ] can be written as x 2 + 4 kx ! 4 ( k 2 ! 3k + 1) .

(b) Hence find the values of k such that the equation f (g ( x )) + 2 [g ( f ( x )) + 4 k ] = 0

has equal roots.

2
x3 ! x dy ! 1$
2. Find (a)
" x2
dx (b)
dx
when y = # x2 + &
" x%
.

3. Tin sheeting is bent and sealed to form a feeding

trough in the shape of the prism opposite. D
w
Angle ABC is a right-angle.
A C
The total amount of tin plate used is 6 12 square metres.
AB = x , BC = 2x and CD = w.
x
2x
(a) Show that the surface area, A, in terms of x and
w can be written as A = 2 x 2 + 3xw . B

13 2x
(b) Hence show that w = ! .
6x 3
13x 2x 3
(c) If the volume of the trough is given as V m3 , show that V ( x ) = ! .
6 3

(d) Hence find the values of x and w for maximum volume.

Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places

4. The points A , B and C have coordinates (2,1,1) , (-1,0,2) and (3 , -4 , -1)

respectively.

Calculate the size of ! ABC .

5. A function is defined as f ( x ) = x 3 ! 3x + 2 , for x ! R .

(a) Show that x = !2 is a root of the equation x 3 ! 3x + 2 = 0 and hence find

the other real root..

(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the graph y = f ( x ) and determine
their natures.

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) marking clearly all relevant points.

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1

Mixed Exercise (4)

1. (a) Express 2 x 2 ! 12 x + 1 in the form a ( x + b ) 2 + c and write down the values
of a , b and c .

(b) Express 3 + 5x ! x 2 in the form p ! ( x + q ) 2 and write down the values of p and q .

2. Express cos! + 3 sin! in the form W cos(! # " ) , where W is a constant and 0 ! " < 2# .

3. Write down a formula connecting x and y in each diagram below :

log10 y log e y
(a) (b)

m=2
2

o
o 3 log10 x x

4. The cross-sectional area of a burial mound was discovered to be approximately

parabolic as shown in diagram 1. y metres
diagram 1

10
(a) From the information supplied on the diagram,
find a formula for y in terms of x for this curve.
o x metres
y
(b) Calculate the volume of earth in the mound , in 30 m

cubic metres, given that the mound is a prism diagram 2

o
as shown in diagram 2.

5. Due to tidal variations the depth of water in a harbour, t hours

after midnight, is d metres where

d = 8 + 3 sin ( 1 2 t ! 1 )
(a) What is the greatest and least depth of water in the harbour ?

(b) When is high tide in the afternoon ?

(c) How many hours elapse between successive high tides ?

6. The circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 passes through the points (2,2) , (2,1) and (3,-1).

(a) Write down three equations which must be satisfied by g , f and c .

(b) Solve the equations as a system and hence establish the equation of the circle.

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
The Circle (answers)

1. (a) origin , r = 10 (b) C(-3,5) , r = 6 (c) C( 3 2 ,! 3 4 ) , r = 7

4

2. (a) ( x ! 2 ) 2 + ( y + 4 ) 2 = 25 (b) ( x + 1) 2 + ( y ! 3) 2 = 100 (c) ( x + 1) 2 + ( y ! 4 ) 2 = 85

or or or
x 2 + y 2 ! 4x + 8y ! 5 = 0 x 2 + y 2 + 2 x ! 6 y ! 90 = 0 x 2 + y 2 + 2 x ! 8 y ! 68 = 0

3. ( x + 1) 2 + ( y ! 4 ) 2 = 25 or x 2 + y 2 + 2x ! 8y ! 8 = 0

4. Proof : the sum of the radii equals the distance between the centres.

5. Proof : by substitution , F(3,1)

6. Proof : by substitution , y = !11x + 46

7. (a) 2y = !x + 7

(b) (-1,4) and (3,2) , Proof.

8. (a) Proof : by substitution

(b) x + 8y = 4

(c) x + 8 y + 126 = 0

The Straight Line (answers)

1. (a) m = ! 13 (b) m= 4

2. a = !9

3. k = 2 12

4. (a) y = 4 x ! 11 (b) x + 2y = 1 (c) 3x + 2 y = 2

5. Proof : gradients multiply to !1

6. y = 4 x ! 12

7. (a) x + 2y = 1 (b) 12 y = 11x + 50

8. (a) y = !3x ! 1 and 6y = 2x + 4

(b) T( ! 12 , 12 )

(c) Proof

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
9. x + 2 y = 19

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Differentiation 1 (answers)

1. (a ) 6x + 6 (b ) 4 x 3 + 2 x !2 ( c) 8x + 12

2. (a ) 4 x 3 ! 5x 4 (b ) 6x ! 3x !4 ( c) ! x !2 ! 23 x !3
3 7 4 1 3
5
(d ) 2
t 2 + 2t ( e) ! 43 p ! 3 + 13 p ! 3
(f ) 1
2
u ! 2 ! 41 u ! 2

1 3 1
(g ) 1 ! 4 x !3 (h) 5
2
v! 2 ! v! 2
(i ) 1
2
t! 2

3. (a) 4 (b) !3

4. (a) 200 (b) 0 (c) !100 (pressure is decreasing)

5. (a ) y = !8 x ! 3 (b ) 6x + 2 y = 8

6. f is increasing when 0 < x < 1 .

7. (-2,32) , Max. , (0,0) , Min. , (1,5) , Max.

8. (a) ( 23 , 32
27
) , Max. , ( 2 , 0) , Min.

(b) (0,0) and ( 2 , 0 )

(c)

Differentiation 2 (answers)
1 2
1. (a) 12(3x + 2) 3 ( b) 3x ( x 2 ! 4) 2
( c) ! 1
(5 ! 4 x ) 2

3(2 x + 3) 4 2x
(d ) ! ( e) (f) ! 3
( x 2 + 3x ) 4 ( x ! 2) 2 2
( x ! 7) 2

2. (a) 6 cos 3x ( b) !3 sin x cos2 x ( c) 10 sin x cos x

cos x sin x
(d ) 2 sin(3 ! 2 x ) ( e) ! (f) 3
sin2 x 2 cos 2 x
3. 4 x + 5y = 9

dy
4. (a) y= 3 ( b) = cos 21 ! , value of 1
2
(c) Proof
d!
5. (a) 100 ! x

(b) 2500 square metres

4000
6. (a) h =
x2
(b) Proof

(c) 20 by 20 by 10 (since x = 20 and h = 10)

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Quadratic Theory (answers)

1.
(a ) ( x + 3) 2 ! 12 (b ) ( x ! 25 ) 2 ! 5 14 ( c) 3( x + 2 ) 2 ! 10

(d ) 2 ( x ! 23 ) 2 ! 8 12 ( e) 20 ! ( x ! 4 ) 2 (f ) 3 ! 2 ( x + 1) 2
or ! ( x ! 4 ) 2 + 20 or ! 2 ( x + 1) 2 + 3

2. (a ) f ( x ) = 2 ( x ! 4 ) 2 ! 25 , a = 2 , p = !4 , q = !25

min value of -25 @ x = 4

(b) g ( x ) = (sin " ! 1 2 ) 2 ! 5 4 , p = ! 12 and q = ! 54

min value of ! 5 4 @ "= #

6

3. (a) k = !1

(b) i) p = !4 or p = !2 ii) !4 < p < !2

(c) proof (discriminant a perfect square)

4. (a) Proof

(b) k = ! 3 or k = 2

Systems of Equations (answers)

1. (a) { (-2,-5) , (5,2) } (b) { (6,5) , (10,3) }

(c) { (-13,-6) , (12, 13 2 ) } (d) { ( ! 3 5 , ! 5 4 5 ) , (1,-1) }

2. (a) { ( ! 3 7 , ! 4 7 ) , (3,2) } (b) { (-1,-1) , (1,4) }

3. (a) x2 ! 4 y ! 4 = 0

(b) x + 2 y = 58

(c) From the system y = 24 or y = 35 , however y = 35 must be discarded since

this y value would make x -ve.
! y = 24 making x = 10 sides are 10 , 24 , 26.

4. P (! 7 2 , ! 11 4 ) and Q( 3,7 )

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Functions (answers)

1. (a) i) 17 ii) 12

(b) i) 9 x 2 ! 3x ii) 3a 2 + 3a ! 1 iii) k 4 + 2k 3 + 2k 2 + k

x +1
(c) g !1 ( x ) =
3

2x 2
2. (a) f (h ( x )) =
3

!1 2
(b) f (x ) = + 1 , x " 0 , x !R
3x

3. (a) x ! " 12 , x # R

(b) Proof
1
(c) x = !1 or x = 2

4. (a) Proof

(b) Proof

Vectors (1) (answers)

" 3% " !9%

1. (a) i) $ ' ii) $ '
# !7& # 5&

(b) 40 or 2 10

! 2$ " 16 %
# & $ '
2. (a) i) # 1& ii) $ 4 '
# & $ '
" 0% # !16&
(b) 125 or 5 5

3. 11

4. S(-10,-5,3)

5. Proof , EF : FG = 1 : 2

6. Proof (scalar product = 0)

$ 22'
1
& )
7. magnitude of u = 2 ! v = u
2 ~
" v = & # 12)
~ ~ ~
& 1 )
% 2 (

8. scalar product = 0 , vectors are perpendicular

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Vectors (2) (answers)

1. (a) Proof (scalar product is -ve)

(b) ! = 56 " 7o

(c) k = 2

2. ABC = 24 ! 4o

3. (a) p = 3 and q = 6

(b) A (12 , 0 , 0) , C (0 ,3 , 0)

! ACF = 29 " 8o

Sequences & Recurrence Relations (answers)

1. (a) £373.85

(b) 16 years (15 ! 75)

2. (a) 28 , 26 ! 4 , 25 ! 12 , 24 ! 096

(b) because !1 < a < 1 (or equivalent)

(c) Limit = 20

3. (a) k= 1
2 , c = !20

(b) U 4 = ! 33 " 75

4. (a) approx. 10 hours ( 5 ! 2 hours) ....... this low value is reached before adding 12

(b) No ........ sequence has a limit of 24 , however this is an upper value i.e. lower limit
is 12 (below 12 ! 3 )

5. (a) 60 ! 64 units

(b) After 3 hours the lower level climbs above 100 units ....... this is o.k.

After a number of calculations the limit formula can be applied and the limit
found (this is an upper limit since b is involved).

Limit = 254 units ....... o.k. since well below 300 units.

Conclusion : at any time antibiotic in bloodstream will be between 154 and 254 units.
This is ideal.

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Integration (answers)
1
1. (a) 3x 3 + 3x 2 + C ( b) 3x 3 ! 23 x 4 + 15 x 5 + C ( c) ! 2 x ! 2 ! x !1 + C

2. (a) 21 11
15
( b) 8

1
3. C = -5 , y = 21 x 2 + !5
x
24
4. C = -4 , f ( x) = 6x + !4
x
5. 4 21 square units

6. (a) 4 square units

(b) Proof

7. (a) A(0,5) and B(3,8)

(b) 9 square units

Polynomials (answers)

1. (a) f ( 2 ) = 42 , f (!1) = 0 (b ) y=3

2. (a ) x 2 + 6x ! 2 , rem. = 1

(b ) x 2 + 3 , rem. = ! 4

( c) x 2 ! x ! 1 , rem. = 0

3. Proof , ( x ! 4 )( x + 1)

4. Proof , ( x ! 3)( x ! 1)( x + 3)

5. (a) ( x ! 1)( x ! 4 )( x + 5) (b) ( x ! 1)( 2 x ! 3)( 2 x + 1)

6. (a) k = ! 20

(b) c = !2

(c) a = ! 13 , b = 6

7. (a) x = ! 23 , x = 1 , x = 2

(b) x = !2 , x = !1 , x = 3

8. Proof

9. (a) V ( h ) = h 3 + 4 h 2 + 3h

(b) Proof by synthetic division (or substitution) i.e. V (5) = ! ve , V ( 6) = + ve

(c) h = 5! 5

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Trig. Equations (answers)

All answers in degrees except 1(b) and 4.

1. (a) {150o , 330o} (b) { ! , 5! , 7! , 11! }

6 6 6 6

(c) {105 , 165 , 285 , 345} (d) { 23 ! 5 , 96 ! 5 , 143 ! 5}

2. (a) {19 ! 5 , 160 ! 5 , 270} (b) {14 ! 5 , 165 ! 5 , 270}

(c) { 90 , 270} (d) {19 ! 5 , 160 ! 5 , 210 , 330}

3. {7 ! 9 , 115 ! 8}

4. {! 3 , ! }

5. { 24 ! 2 , 102 ! 7 }

6. (a) 2 cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x = 1 ! P = 2 , Q = 2 and R = 1

(b) { 57 ! 2 }

7. (a) Proof

(b) ! = 40o

The Exponential & Logarithmic Function (answers)

1. (a) x = 1 ! 63 (b) x = 1 ! 78

2. (a) 4 ml

(b) 11 min 30 sec

(c) 27 min 44 sec

3. x = 16

4. (a) k = 0 ! 074

(b) 9 hours 22 min

5. (a) Proof

(b) n = 3 ! 6 and k = 10 ! 4 or 10 ! 8

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers

Graphicacy (answers)

1. (a) y = 4 sin xo (b) y = 20 cos 2 xo (c) y = 4 sin 4 xo + 2

2. (a) (b)

-3 (3,1)

-4

(c) (d)

4
-3

3.

(a) (b)
-1

(c) (d)

-3 -2 2

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers

The Wave Function [ a cos x + b sin x ] (answers)

1. (a) 2 sin( x + 60)o

(b) min. of 2 @ x = 30o

2. (a) h = 5 cos(15t ! 36 " 9 )o + 25

(b) 20 metres @ 14 28
h metres
(c) 30
29

20

2.46 14.46 24 t hours

(d) 8 hours 51 minutes (from 2202 until 0653)

3. (a) Proof

(b) PR 2 = 12 cos" + 6 sin" + 14 ! a = 12 , b = 6, c = 14

(c) PR = 5 ! 2 , " = 0 ! 46 radians

4. (a) Proof

(b) 13 cos( x ! 73 " 9 )o , k = 13 and " = 73 ! 9o

(c) { 0o , 147 ! 8o }

! Pegasys 2004
Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers
Mixed Exercise (1) (answers)

1. (a) Proof ; ( x + 3)( x ! 2 )( 2 x + 1)

(b) y = 4x + 4

2. (a) 3x + y = 9

(b) (4,0)

dv 1
3. (a) i) = ii) x = ! 12
25
dx 2x + 1

(b) f ! ( "4 ) = -2

4. (a) x + 2y + 2 = 0

(b) Proof

(c) T(-6,2)

5. (a) P (k + 4 , 0 , k + 2)

(b) k = !3

6. k = ! 13 or k= 1
2

Mixed Exercise (2) (answers)

1. (a) Proof ; 1:2

(b) k = ! 23

2. (a) Proof ; ( x ! 1)( x ! 3)( x + 2 )

(b) 12 2 3 square units

3. Proof

4. y = 12 x ! 14

5. { 48 ! 6o , 131 ! 4o , 270o }

6. (a) At the end of day 4 (before catching fish)

(b) No ...... min. 6kg since 10% of 6 = 0.6 (he eats what he catches)

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Higher Mathematics Revision Pack 1 Answers

Mixed Exercise (3) (answers)

1
1. (a) Proof (b) k= 2
or k =1

x2 2 dy 2
2. (a) + 12 + C (b) = 4x 3 + 2 ! 3
2 x dx x

3. (a) Proof (b) Proof (c) Proof

(d) x = 1 ! 04 and w = 1 ! 39 metres

4. ! ABC = 58 ! 8o

5. (a) Proof then x = 1 (b) (-1,4) , Max. , (1,0) , Min.

(c)
(-1,4)

-2 1

Mixed Exercise (4) (answers)

1. (a) 2 ( x ! 3) 2 ! 17 ; a = 2 , b = !3 , c = !17

(b) 9 14 ! ( x ! 5 2 ) 2 ; p = 9 14 , q = ! 5 2

2. cos! + 3 sin! = 2 cos(! # "3 )

100
3. (a) y= 2 (b) y = e2 x
x3

4. (a) y = 2 x ! 101 x 2 (b) Volume = 4000 cubic metres (shaded area 133 1 3 square cm )

5. (a) 11m , 5m

(b) high tide (pm) ....... 17 42 (17 43)

(c) 12 hours 34 min. ( 4! hours = 12 " 56 hrs )

6. (a) 4 g + 4 f + c = !8
4 g + 2 f + c = !5
6g ! 2 f + c = !10

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