VALLIAMMAI ENGEINEERING COLLEGE

(S.R.M.NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR-603 203)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

I SEMESTER
MA 5151- ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Regulation – 2017
Academic Year 2018- 2019
Prepared by

Mr. N. SUNDARAKANNAN
 VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Year & Semester : I /I
Subject Code/ Name : MA 5151- ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL METHODS

UNIT I - LAPLACE TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS
Laplace transform : Definitions – Properties – Transform error function – Bessel’s function – Dirac delta
function – Unit step functions – Convolution theorem – Inverse Laplace transform : Complex inversion
formula – Solutions to partial differential equations : Heat equation – Wave equation.
Part A Bloom’s Domain
S.No Taxonomy
Level
Rememb
1. State the existence of Laplace Transform BTL1
er
2. Find the Laplace transform of unit step function BTL4 Analyze
3. If L( f (t )  F (s) , then prove that L[e at f (t )]  F ( s  a) BTL3 Apply
2
4. Find L[t sin t ] BTL4 Analyze

e t sin t
5. Evaluate 0 t dt BTL4 Analyze
4 t
6. Find L[t e sin 3t ] BTL4 Analyze
Rememb
7. State Initial and Final value theorems for Laplace transform BTL1
er
1  et
8. Find L[ ] BTL4 Analyze
t
9. State and prove that change of scale property in Laplace transforms BTL3 Apply
Rememb
10. Define Laplace transform of Error function BTL1
er
1 2
11. Find L1 ( ) BTL4 Analyze
s 1
12. Determine L{3t  2e 3t } BTL3 Apply
2s  5
13. Find L1 [ 2 ] BTL4 Analyze
9s  25
u  2u Understa
14. What is a 2 in  a2 2 BTL2
t t nd
sa
15. Find the inverse Laplace transform of log[ ] BTL4 Analyze
sb
Define Laplace transform of unit step function and find its Laplace Rememb
16. BTL1
transform er
s 1
17. Find the inverse Laplace transform of log[ ] BTL3 Apply
s 1
t

18. 
Solve the integral equation y   3 y  2 ydt  t , given that y(0)=0
0
BTL3 Apply

dy
19. Using Laplace transform method, solve  y  2 ,given that y(0)=2 BTL3 Apply
dt
20. Find Laplace transform of t e 2t cos t BTL4 Analyze
Part B
3
Find (i) L[t sin 5t cos 2t ] (ii) L[sin t ]
1 cos 2t  sin 3t BTL3
Apply
(iii) L[t e t sin 2t ] (iv) L[ ]
t
(i) Verify Initial Value Theorem and Final Value Theorem for
f (t )  1  e  t (sin t  cos t )
2 1 BTL4 Analyze
(ii)Find the Laplace Transform of erf (t 2 )

(i) Derive the Laplace transform of error function and use it, find
L(erf ( t )
t
3  b , for 0  t  b BTL5 Evaluate
(ii)Find the Laplace Transform of f (t )  
 2b  t , for b  t  2b
 b
given that f(t+2b)=f(t) for t>0
(i) State and prove Convolution theorem in Laplace trans forms,
(ii) Using Convolution theorem, find the inverse Laplace Transform of
4 s BTL4 Analyze
( s  9)(s 2  25)
2

(i) Find the Laplace transform of (i ) J 0 (t ) (ii) t J 0 (t )

5 1  s  BTL5 Evaluate
L  ; t 
 (s  a ) 
(ii) Apply the convolution theorem to evaluate 2 2 2

1 bt
(i) Find the Laplace transform of (1) erf ( t ) and (2) (e  e  at ) BTL4
Analyze
t &
6
s &
BTL3
(ii) Using Convolution theorem, evaluate L1 ( ) Apply
( s  a)(s 2  1)
Using Laplace transform, solve the IBVP

7 PDE : ut  3u xx , BCs : u ( , t )  0, u x (0, t )  0, BTL5 Evaluate
2
ICs : u ( x,0)  30 cos5x.
Using Laplace transform, solve the IBVP
x
8 utt  u xx 0  x  l , t  0, u ( x,0)  0 , ut ( x,0)  sin( ) ,0  x  l , BTL5 Evaluate
l
u (0, t )  0 and u (l , t )  0, t  0
Using Laplace transform, solve the IBVP
9 PDE : utt  u xx 0  x  1, t  0, BCs : u ( x,0)  u (1, t )  0, t  0 BTL5 Evaluate
ICs : u ( x,0)  sin x, ut ( x,0)   sin x, 0  x  1
A string is stretched and fixed between two fixed points (0,0) and (l,0).
x
Motion is initiated by displacing the string in the form u   sin( ) and
10 l BTL4 Analyze
released from rest at time t=0.Find the displacement of any point on the
string at any time t.

Using Laplace transform method solve the initial boundary value problem
11 BTL5 Evaluate
described by
 u tt  c 2 u xx , 0  x  , t  0 , subject to the
conditions u (0, t )  0 , u ( x,0)  0,
u t (0, t )  l for 0  x   and u is bouded as x  .
12 State and prove Initial and Final value theorems in Laplace trans forms BTL4 Analyze
Derive the Laplace transform of Bessel functions
(i ) J 0 ( x) (ii) J 1 ( x)
13 BTL4 Analyze
1 s2 1
(ii) Find
L [log ]
s2
A infinitely long string having one end at x=0 is initially at rest along x-
14 axis. The end x=0 is given transverse displacement f(t), when t>0. Find the BTL5 Evaluate
displacement of any point of the string at any time.
Part C

 f (t ) 
(i) If L f (t ) : s   F ( s) , then prove that L  : s    F ( s)ds (ii)
 t  s
1. BLT5 Evaluate
 cos 5t  cos 6t 
Find L  
 t 
Derive the Laplace transform of error function and use it find Laplace
2. BLT4 Analyze
transform of cos t / t
Using Laplace transform solve the following IBVP
PDE : kut  u xx ,0  x  l , 0  t  ,
3. BLT5 Evaluate
BCS : u (0, t )  0 , u (l , t )  g (t ) , 0  t  ,
IC : u ( x,0)  0, 0  x  l.
Using Laplace transform method, solve the IBVP described as
1
PDE : u xx  u tt  cost ,0  x   , 0  t  ,
4. c2 BLT5 Evaluate
BCS : u (0, t )  0 , u is bounded as x  
IC : u t ( x,0)  u ( x,0)  0
UNIT II - FOURIER TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
Fourier transform : Definitions – Properties – Transform of elementary functions – Dirac delta
function – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s identity – Solutions to partial differential equations :
Heat equation – Wave equation – Laplace and Poisson’s equations.
Part A
1 Define Fourier transform BTL1 Remember
2 State Fourier Integral theorem BTL1 Remember
sin x, in 0  x   
3 Find the Fourier transform of f ( x)    BTL4 Analyze
0, otherwise 
Write the existence conditions for the Fourier transform of the function
4 BTL3 Apply
f(x).
5 Give Fourier transform pairs BTL1 Remember
f ( x)   1 , in x  a
6 Find the Fourier Transform of BTL4 Analyze
0, in x  a
7 State and prove modulation property in Fourier transform BTL3 Apply
8 State and prove change of scale property in Fourier transform BTL4 Analyze
9 State and prove shifting property in Fourier transform BTL1 Remember
a x
10 Find the Fourier Sine transform of e ,  x   BTL5 Evaluate
11 Find the Fourier Sine transform of 1/x BTL4 Analyze
  x
12 Find the Fourier Sine transform of e BTL4 Analyze
Does the function f(t)= 1 (--∞ < x < ∞) have a Fourier transform
13 BTL1 Remember
representation?
14 Determine the frequency spectrum of the signal g (t )  f (t ) cos  c t BTL3 Apply
If F(α) is the Fourier Transform of f(x), then the Fourier Transform of
15 1 BTL3 Apply
f(ax) is F ( / a )
a
16 Find the Fourier transform of Dirac Delta function BTL4 Analyze
17 State convolution Theorem on Fourier Transform BTL1 Remember
18 State Parseval’s identity on Fourier Transform BTL1 Remember
f ( x)   x , 0  x  a
19 Find the Fourier cosine Transform of BTL4 Analyze
0, x  a
If F(s) is the Fourier transform of f(x), then find the Fourier transform of
20 BTL5 Evaluate
f(x) cos ax
Part B
 x2

(i) Find the Fourier Transform of f ( x )  e 2

1  x, in 0  x  1 BTL4 Analyze

(ii)Find the Fourier Transform of 2  x, in 1  x  2
0, in x  2

Find the Fourier Cosine and Sine Transform of e 2 x and evaluate the
integrals
2 
cosx

 sinx BTL4 Analyze
(i) 0  2  4d (ii) 0  2  4 d
(i) State and prove Parseval’s identity the Fourier transforms
f ( x)   1, if x  a
(ii) Find the Fourier Transform of hence deduce
0, else BTL3
3 Apply &
 &BTL4
sin t  Analyze
that (
0
t
)dt 
2

(i)If the Fourier sine transform of f(x) is , find f(x).
1  2
f ( x)   1  x , if x  1
4 (ii)Find the Fourier Transform of hence deduce BTL5 Evaluate
0, if x 1

sin t 4 
that (
0
t
) dt 
3
(i) Find the Fourier Transform of f(x) defined by

f ( x)  1  x 2 , if x  1
hence evaluate
5 0, if x 1 BTL4 Analyze

x cos x  sin x x
(
0
x 3
) cos dx .
2
f ( x)   1, if x  a
(i) Find the Fourier Transform of hence deduce
0, if x a
6 that BTL5 Evaluate
 
sin t  sin t 2 
0 ( t )dt  2 and 0 ( t ) dt  2
 
x 2 dx 

0
2 2

(i) Using Fourier Sine Transform, prove that ( x  9)( x  16) 14
a x
. (ii) Find the Fourier transform of e if a  0 , deduce that BTL5 Evaluate

dx 
 (x
0
2 2
 3 , if a  0
 a ) 4a
A one-dimensional infinite solid,    x   ,is initially at temperature
8 F(x). For times t>0, heat is generated within the solid at a rate of g(x ,t) BTL5 Evaluate
units, Determines the temperature in the solid for t > 0

A uniform string of length L is stretched tightly between two fixed points

at x=0 and x=L. If it is displaced a small distance  at a point x=b, 0<b<L,
9 and released from rest at time t=0, find an expression for the displacement BTL5 Evaluate
at subsequent times.

Using the method of integral transform, solve the following potential

problem in the semi-infinite Strip described by
PDE : u xx  u yy  0 , 0  x   , 0  y  a
10 BTL4 Analyze
Subject to BCs: u(x,0)=f(x) , u(x,a)=0, u(x,y)=0 ,
u
0  y  a , 0  x   and tend to zero as x  
x
Using the finite Fourier transform, solve the BVP described by PDE:
V  2V
11  ,0  x  6 , t  0 , subject to BC: Vx (0, t )  0  Vx (6, t ) , BTL4 Analyze
t x 2
IC :V(x,0)=2x.
Solve the heat conduction problem described
u  2u
 k 2 , 0  x   , t  0 u (0, t )  u 0 t  0,
t x
12 BTL4 Analyze
u
u ( x,0)  0 0  x  , u and both tend to zero
x
as x  
Compute the displacement u(x ,t) of an infinite string using the method of
13 Fourier transform given that the string is initially at rest and that the initial BTL6 Create
displacement is f(x),    x   .
Solve the following boundary value problem in the half-plane y > 0
described by
PDE : u xx  u yy  0 ,    x   , y  0
14 BCs : u( x,0)  f ( x) ,    x  
BTL5 Evaluate
u
u is bounded as y  ; u and both vanishas x  
x
Part C
(i)Using the Fourier cosine transform of e  ax and e  bx , show

dx 
that  (x
0
2 2 2 2

 a )( x  b ) 2ab(a  b)
1. 1, x  a  BLT5 Evaluate
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f(x) defined by f ( x)    and
0, x  a 

sin a cosx
hence evaluate 


d
 a  x , x  a 
Find the Fourier transform of f(x) if f ( x)   .
0, x  a 
2. 2 4
BLT5 Evaluate
 
 sin t    sin t  
Hence show that (i)    dt  (ii)    dt 
0
t  2 0
t  3
Solve the heat conduction problem described by
u  2u
 k 2 , 0  x   , t  0, u (0, t )  u 0 , t  0
3. t x BLT4 Analyze
u
u ( x,0)  0 0  x  , u and both tend to zero as x  
x
Find the steady state temperature distribution u(x,y) in a long square bar of
4. side  with one face maintained at constant temperature u 0 and other faces BLT4 analyze
at zero temperature.
UNIT III - CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS
Concept of variation and its properties – Euler’s equation – Functional dependant on first and
higher order derivatives – Functionals dependant on functions of several independent variables –
Variational problems with moving boundaries – Isoperimetric problems – Direct methods – Ritz and
Kantorovich methods.
Part A
1 Define a functional BTL1 Remember
2 Write Euler’s equation for functional. BTL3 Apply
3 Define isoperimetric problems. BTL1 Remember
4 State any two different forms of Euler’s equation BTL1 Remember
Test for an extremum the functional
1
5 I [ y( x)}   ( xy  y 2 2 y 2 y ) dx , y(0)  1 , y(1)  2. BTL3 Apply
0

Prove that the commutative character of the operators of variation and

6 differentiation.
BTL3 Apply
7 Define ring method. BTL1 Remember
8 State Brachistochrone problem. BTL1 Remember
.Find the curves on which the functional
1
9 BTL3 Apply
 ( y  12xy) dx with y(0)  0 and y(1)  1 can be extremised.
2

0
Write the ostrogradsky equation for the functional
10 BTL3 Apply

d
11 Show that the symbols and  commutative BTL4 Analyze
dx
12 Write Euler-Poisson equation. BTL3 Apply
Define moving boundaries.
13 BTL1 Remember
Find the transversality condition for the functional
x1
14  dy 2  BTL3 Apply
v  A( x, y).
x0
1  ( dx )  dx
1


2
Test for an extremum the functional I [ y ( x)}  ( xy  y  2 y 2 y ' ) dx
15 0
BTL5 Evaluate
y(0)=1, y(1)=2.
16 Write down biharmonic equation. BTL3 Apply
17 State Hamilton’s Principle BTL1 Remember
18 State du Bois-Reymond BTL1 Remember
19 Explain direct methods in variational problem BTL2 Understand
20 Explain Rayleigh-Ritz method. BTL2 Understand
Part B
(i) Find the extremals of
1 BTL4 Analyze
(ii) Find the extremals of

(i)Solve the extremal

2 BTL3 Apply
(ii)Find the extremal of the function
(i)Show that the straight line is the sharpest distance between two points in a
plane.
3 (ii) A curve c joining the points ( ) and ( ) is revolved about the x- BTL4 Analyze
axis. Find the shape of the curve, so that the surface area generated is a
minimum.
(i)State and Prove Brachistochrone problem
.(ii) Show that the curve which extremize
4 given that BTL4 Analyze

5 Find the shortest distance between the point (-1,5) and the parabola y 2  x BTL4 Analyze
(i)Find the plane curve of a fixed perimeter and maximum area.
1

 (1  y 
2
6 (ii)Find the extremals of the functional ) dx. BTL5 Evaluate
0
Subject to y(0)  0 , y (0)  1 , y(1)  1 , y (1)  1.
Find the extremal of the functional


 (y
'2
 y 2  4 y cos x) dx. y(0)  0 , y( )  0.
0

7 Find the extremasl of the functional BTL5 Evaluate

1
3
I ( y, z )   ( y '  z ' 2 2 y ) dx; y (0)  1, y (1) 
2
,
0
2
z (0)  0, z 1)  1
Solve the boundary value problem
8 by Rayleigh Ritz method.
BTL3 Apply
To determine the shape of a solid of revolution moving in a flow of gas with
9 BTL4 Analyze
least resistance.
Derive the Euler’s equation and use it, find the extremals of the
x1
10 BTL6 Create

functional V [ y ( x)}  ( y 2  y ' 2 2 y sin x) dx.
x0

Find an approximate solution to the problem of the minimum, of the

1
functional J ( y)   ( y  2  y 2  2 xy ) dx. y(0)=0=y(1) by Ritz method
11 0
BTL5 Evaluate
and compare it with the exact solution.

Find the solid of maximum volume formed by the revolution of a given

12 surface area.
BTL5 Evaluate
Find the extremals of the functional
 2
v[ y ( x), z ( x)}   ( y  z ' 2 2 yz) dx. Given that
2
13 BTL5 Evaluate
0

y(0)  0 , y( 2)  1 , z (0)  0 , z ( 2)  1

 Find the path on which a particle in the absence of friction will slide from
14 BTL6 Create
one point to another in the shortest time, under the action of gravity
Part C
(i) Derive the Euler’s equation
1. BLT6 Create
(ii) Find the geodesic on a plane are straight lines
2. Derive Euler’s- Poisson equation and give some examples BLT6 Create
Use Ritz method to find an approximate solution in the form y(x)=cx(x-1)
of the problem of extremising
3. BLT5 Analyze
 y 
1
of v[ y( x)  2
 y 2  2 yx dx ; y(0)  0  y(1)
0

4. Write a short notes about Kanrovich Method BLT5 Analyze

UNIT IV - CONFORMAL MAPPING AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction to conformal mappings and bilinear transformations – Schwarz Christoffel transformation –
Transformation of boundaries in parametric form – Physical applications : Fluid
flow and heat flow problems.
Part A
1 Define Conformal Mapping and give an example. BTL1 Remember
2 Define Isogonal trandformation BTL1 Remember
3 State the condition for the function f(z) to be conformal BTL1 Remember
4 Define Mobius transformation BTL1 Remember
5 Define cross ratio of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 BTL2 Understand
6 Define Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. BTL3 Apply
7 Define fixed and invariant point of the transformation w=f(z) BTL1 Remember
8 2z  5 BTL3 Apply
Find the fixed points of the transformation w 
z4
9 Find the critical point of the transformation W  ( Z   )(Z   ) BTL4 Analyze
2

10 z 1 BTL4 Analyze
Find the fixed points of w 
z2
11 Let C be a curve in the z-plane with parametric equations x=F(t), BTL5 Evaluate
y=G(t).Show that the transformation z= F(  )+i G(  ) maps the curve C on
to the real axis of the w-plane.
12 Discuss the transformation defined by w= coshz. BTL1 Remember
13 Define equipotential lines. BTL1 Remember
14 Give the formula for Schwarz Christoffel transformation BTL2 Understand
15 Define Heat flux of heat flow. BTL1 Remember
16 State the basic assumptions of fluid flow. BTL1 Remember
17 Define streamline BTL1 Remember
18 Show that for a closed polygon, the sum of exponents in Schwarz BTL3 Apply
Christoffel transformation is -2.
19 Define complex temperature of heat flow BTL2 Understand
20 Define velocity potential, source and sink BTL1 Remember
Part B
1 (i) Prove that the bilinear transformation transforms circles of the z BTL2 Understand
plane into circles of the w plane, where by circles we include circles of
infinite radius which are straight lines

(ii) Define Bilinear transformation and find the bilinear transformation

z1  2 , z 2  0 , z 3  2 on to the po int s
which maps w1   , w2  1 / 2 , w3  3 / 4.
2 (u, v) ( x, y) BTL3 Apply
(i) Prove that ( x, y) (u, v)  1
(ii) Discuss the Schwarz- Christoffel transformation
3 BTL-1 Remember
(i) Define cross ratio of z1 , z 2 , z3 and Critical points.
(ii)Find a BLT
z1  0 , z 2  i , z  1 in to the po int s w1  1, w2  1 w3  0
4 Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points BTL2 Understand
z=1, i, -1 into the points w=2, i, -2.Find the fixed and critical points of the
transformation.
5 (i) Prove that a harmonic function ( x, y) remains harmonic under the BTL2 Understand
transformation w=f(z) where f(z) is analytic and f ( z)  0
(ii) Discuss the motion of a fluid having complex
potential ( z)  ik log z where k  0
6 Find the transformation which maps the semi-infinite strip bounded by v=0, BTL4 Analyze
u=0 and v=b into the upper half of the
z-plane.
7 Find the complex potential due to a source at z=-a and a sink at z=a equal BTL5 Evaluate
strengths k, Determine the equipotential lines and streamlines and represent
graphically and find the speed of the fluid at any point.
8 (i)Find the complex potential for a fluid moving with constant speed V 0 in a BTL3 Apply
direction making an
angle  with the positive x axis
(ii) Determine the velocity potential and stream function
(iii) Determine the equations for the streamlines and equipotential lines.
9 a2 BTL5 Evaluate
The complex potential of a fluid flow is given by
( z )  V0 ( z  ) where
z
V 0 and  are positive constants.(a) Obtain equations for the streamlines
and equipotential lines, represent them graphically and interpret
physically.(b) Show that we can interpret the flow as that around a circular
obstacle of radius a.(c) Find the velocity at any point and determine its value
far from the obstacle
(d) Find the stagnation points.
10 Fluid emanates at a constant rate from an infinite line source perpendicular to BTL4 Analyze
the z plane at z=0
(a) Show that the speed of the fluid at a distance r from the source is V=k/r,
where k is a constant(b) Show that the complex potential is
( z)  k ln z. (c) What modification should be made in (b) if the line
source is at z=a? (d) What modification is made in (b) if the source is
replaced by a sink in which fluid is disappearing at a constant rate?
11 (i) Find a bilinear transformation which maps points BTL3 Apply
z= 0, -i, -1 into w= i, 1, 0 respectively
V0
(ii) Find the complex potential for a fluid moving with constant speed

in a direction making an angle with the positive x-axis. Also determine
the velocity potential and stream function.
12 Find the transformation which transforms the semi infinite strip bounded by BTL4 Analyze
v= 0, v= π and u=0 onto the upper half z-plane.
13 3 z BTL3 Apply
w 
Show that the transformation z  2 transforms circle with center(5/2, 0)
and radius 1/2 in the z-plane into the imaginary axis in w-plane and the
interior of the circle into the right half of the plane.
14 (i) Find the transformation that maps an infinite strip
0  v   of the BTL4 Analyze
w-plane onto the upper half of z-plane.
(ii) Give the procedure for transformation of boundaries in parametric
form and hence find a transformation which maps the
 x2 y2

ellipse a 2 b 2
 1 in the z-plane onto the real axis of the w-plane.

Part C
1. Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points z=1, i, -1 on BLT4 Apply
to the points w= i, 0,-i. Hence find (i) The image of |z|<1 (ii) The
invariant points of this transformation.
2. ( z  i) BLT5 Evaluate
(i)Show that under the transformation w  , real axis in the z-plane
( z  i)
is mapped into the circle|w|=1.Which portion of the z-plane corresponds to
the interior of the circle?
2z  5
(ii) Find the critical points of w 
z2  4
3. (i)Find the transformation which maps the semi infinite strip in the w-plane BLT4 Analyze
into the upper half the z-plane.
(ii)Explain Schwarz-Christoffel transformation
4. (i) Write a short note about Fluid flow BLT4 Analyze
(ii) Write a short note about Heat flow
UNIT V - TENSOR ANALYSIS
Summation convention – Contravariant and covariant vectors – Contraction of tensors – Inner
product – Quotient law – Metric tensor – Christoffel symbols – Covariant differentiation – Gradient -
Divergence and curl.
Part A
1 Define Tensor and Summation convention BTL1 Remember
2 Define Kronecker delta function of tensor BTL1 Remember
3 Define Covariant and Contravariant vectors BTL1 Remember
4 Define contraction of a tensor. BTL3 Apply
5 If Ai is a covariant and B i
i
is a contravariant vector, show that Ai B is BTL3 Apply
an invariant
6 Define  i i BTL3 Apply
7 Define reciprocal tensors BTL1 Remember
8 g pq BTL1 Remember
Prove tha  pr, q   qr, p   .
x r
9 Define Symmetric and Skew-symmetric tensors BTL1 Remember
10 Define divergence of a contra variant vector BTL1 Remember
11 Prove that Kronecker delta (  ) is a mixed tensor of order 2. BTL4 Analyze
12 Define Metric tensor and Conjugate tensor BTL3 Apply
13 State the Christoffel symbol of first and second kind. BTL2 Understand
14 If  is a function of the n quantities x i , write the differential of  using BTL3 Apply
the summation convention
15 Write the terms contained in S  a ij x x , taking n=3. BTL3 Apply
i j

16 If (ds)  (dr )  r (d )  r sin  (d ) ,find the value of [22.1] and BTL6 Create
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

[13,3]
17 1 ( g A )
k BTL4 Analyze
Prove that divAi  .
g x k
18 i   BTL3 Apply
prove that   (log g )
i j  x i
19 i
Given A and B j are contra variant vectors, show that A B
i j
is contra BTL3 Apply
variant tensor of rank 2
20 Prove that the property of the Christoffel symbols BTL4 Analyze
g ik
ij , k  kj ,i 
q j
Part B
1 dx dy BTL5 Evaluate
(i)In a contravarant vector has components , in rectangular
dt dt
dr d
coordinates, show that they are and in polar coordinates.
dt dt
i
(ii) If A is a contravariant vector and B j is a covariant vector, prove that
Ai B j is a mixed tensor of order 2.
2 (i) State and prove Quotient law of tensor. BTL4 Analyze
ij
(ii) Find g and g corresponding to the metric
(ds) 2  5(dx1 ) 2  3(dx 2 ) 2  4(dx 3 ) 2  6dx1dx 2  4dx 2 dx 3
3 Find the components of the first and second fundamental BTL6 Create
tensor in spherical coordinates.

4 Find the components of the metric tensor and the conjugate tensor in the BTL3 Apply
cylindrical co-ordinates..
5 (i)Define Christoffel’s symbols. Show that they are not tensors BTL4 Analyze
ij
(ii) Prove that the covariant derivative of g is zero.
6 A covariant tensor has components x  y, xy, 2 z  y in rectangular co- BTL5 Evaluate
2

ordinates. Find its covariant components in cylindrical co-ordinates.

7 Given the covariant components in rectangular co-ordinates BTL4 Analyze
2 x  z , x 2 y, yz . Find the covariant components in
(i) Spherical polar co-ordinates (r, , ) (ii) Cylindrical co-ordinates(  ,  , z )
8 Show that the tensors g ij , g ij and the Kroneckor delta  j are constants with BTL3 Apply
i

respect to covariant differentiation.

9 ij
(i) Find the g and g for the metric BTL5 Evaluate
ds 2  5(dx1 ) 2  3(dx 2 ) 2  4(dx 3 ) 2  6dx1 dx 2  4dx 2 dx 3  0dx 3 dx1 (ii)
ij
Prove that the covariant derivative of g is zero.
10 If (ds)  (dr )  r (d )  r sin  (d ) , find the value of (i) [22,1] BTL5 Evaluate
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1  3 
and [13,3] (ii)   and  
22 13
11 Determine the metric tensors g ij , g ij BTL5 Evaluate
in cylindrical
co-ordinates.
12 If x and yare the components of a contra variant vector in rectangular co- BTL5 Evaluate
ordinates, determine them in polar co-ordinates.
13 Prove tat BTL5 Evaluate
g ij
 [ik , j ]  [ jk , i ]
(i) x k

g ij jl i  im  j 
(ii)   g    g  
x k lk  mk 
14 Given the metric BTL5 Evaluate
ds  (dx )  ( x ) (dx )  ( x ) sin ( x )(dx )
2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
 2  3 
find the Christoffel symbols [22 ,1] , [32 , 3]   and  
2 1 3 2
Part C
1. Explain Covariant, Contravariant and Invariant with suitable examples BLT4 Analyze
2. Write a short note about metric tensor with suitable example. BLT4 Analyze
3. State and prove Christoffel symbols of first and second kind BLT6 Create
4. A covariant tensor has componets xy , 2 y  z 2 , xz in rectangular BLT5 Evaluate
coordinates. Find its covariant components in spherical coordinates

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