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TYPES OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES

 Adventure Tourism  Events Tourism  Sports Tourism


 Cultural Tourism  Festival Tourism  Urban Tourism
 Arts Tourism  Health Tourism  Voluntourism
 Ecotourism  Heritage Tourism  Gay Tourism
 Educational Tourism  MICE Tourism  Sex Tourism
 Ethnic Tourism  Nature-based Tourism  Dark Tourism

The Tourism Sectors (A Supplementary Lesson)

Transportation

I.The rise of the LCCs

II.Open Skies Agreements

III.The Cruise Industry

I. The Low-cost Carrier

•An airline that offers generally low fares by eliminating many traditional passenger services

•“no-frills”, “discount” or “budget” airlines

Typical business processes:

•One passenger class

•One type of fleet

•Point-to-point service

•No frills

 Voted World’s Best LCC for 2012 – Air Asia


 2012: “Budget carriers rule Phl skies” – Air Asia, Cebu Pacific, AirPhil express
 Share of low cot seats:
o Domestic market - 78%
o International market – 28%

II. Open Skies Agreements

•An international policy concept that set liberal ground rules for international aviation markets and minimize
government intervention

•May be bilateral or multilateral

 March 2011- Pres. Aquino signed EO 29 “Authorizing the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Philippine Air Panels to
pursue more aggressively the International Civil Aviation Liberalization Policy”

 Claimed to be the fastest-growing segment of the tourism industry (CLIA)


•Annual growth rate of 8% since 1980

III. The Cruise Industry


World’s Largest Cruise Companies
 Royal Caribbean international
 Star Cruise
 Disney Cruise Lines

Travel Intermediaries
Global Distribution Systems (GDS) - A worldwide computerized reservation network used as a single point of access for
reserving airline seats, hotel rooms, rental cars, and other travel related items by travel agents, online reservation sites,
and large corporations.
The biggest GDS players

 Amadeus
 Sabre Holdins
 Travelport

TOURISM DEMAND

Major players in the tourism industry

1.The tourist 3.The government of the host community/area

2.The businesses providing the tourists goods and 4.The host community
services
Vital Demand Data

•Number of visitor arrivals •Length of stay and accommodation type

•Means of transportation •Visitor spending

Inbound tourist arrivals: by market and year

2012 – korea, USA, Japan, China, Taiwan (4.3M)

Inbound travel: modes of transport

•98% by air

•2% by sea

The biggest spenders: spend+length of stay

1.Americans- 1,429.7 USD (~60,000 Php)

2.Koreans- 781.2 USD (~33,000 Php)

3.Japanese- 508.68 USD (~21,000 Php)

4.Chinese- 478.16 USD (~20,000 Php)

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Physioloical, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization)

Pleasure Travel Motivation

Three main sources of ideas

1.History and Literature 3.Current Market Research Processes

2.Contribution of Psychological Theory


History and Literature

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

•Summer resorts of the wealthy Athenians and Romans

•Roman tourist visits to Egyptian monuments

THE MIDDLE AGES

Pilgrimages to sacred places accompanied by revelry and feasting

17th to 19th CENTURY

•The Grand Tour

•The rise of railroad travel

CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL

•Travel as “an itch” –J. Steinbeck

•Travel to discover oneself –Chaucer, et. al

•Travel for curiosity – Morris, et. Al

Current Market Research Practices

•Airport survey forms

•Market survey organization research

A North Carolina Study

Using factor analysis and cluster analysis in Statistics, Loker and Perdue identified six market segments in leisure travel:

1.Excitement and escape seekers

2.Pure adrenaline seekers

3.Family-and-friends oriented groups

4.Naturalists

5.Those who value escape by itself

6.Those that enjoyed all benefits

Demand to a destination

D= f (propensity, resistance).

Where D is demand.
Determinants of propensity to travel

•Demographic profile

–Age, sex, gender, ethnicity, location, income

•Psychographic profile

–Activities, interests, opinions, attitudes, behavior,

•Travel motivation

–Push factors

–Pull factors

Factors of resistance

•Economic distance

•Cultural distance

•Cost of services

•Quality of service

•Seasonality

Matching supply with demand

Task Analysis

1.Identification of the present demand

1.Mode of transport; season of the year

2.Attendance and participation to tourism activities and events

3.Visitor types

2.A quantitative and qualitative inventory of existing supply

3.Adequacy of present supply with present demand

1.Natural resources

2.Infrastructure

3.Transportation

4.Hospitality and cultural resources


4.Examination of present markets and the socioeconomic trends

1.Demographic

2.Psychographic

3.Geographic

5.Forecast of tourism demand

1.Computer systems simulation method

2.Trend analysis

3.Regression analysis

4.Delphi Method

6.Matching supply with anticipated demand

1.If adequate, no further action necessary

2.If inadequate, inauguration of planning and development procedures

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