410123548.

xls [Notes]

CONFIDENTIAL : SUBJECT TO ATTORNEY CLIENT AND WORK PRODUCT PRIVILEGES

Setting
Measure data at points along a line in 1D, 2D, or 3D, at unit intervals.

Objective
Evaluate the kriged estimates at intermediate points along this line.

Methodology
The variogram is computed with a macro. Five models are accommodated.
The "range" is not the conventional range in every case, but is designed to match variogram slopes at zero. See [test] for examples.
Simulate the data in any way you want--type them in, simulate them, or, as set up here, as moving averages of iid Normal variates.

Results
For nonzero nuggets, the plot will show the very limited sense in which kriging is "exact:"
the kriged curve jumps discontinuously to meet the data values.

Sensitivity
These results are robust to all assumptions made in the simulation. In particular, qualitatively similar results
would be achieved:
* By using any other variogram model
* By using any set of nonconstant data
* By spacing the data irregularly
* By kriging fully in 2D or 3D, rather than along a line.
* By using more than two nearest neighbors

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410123548.xls [Test]

H Current Spherical ponential Gaussian Linear r with sill

0.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
0.000100 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Variograms
1.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
2.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
3.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 12.000
4.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
5.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 10.000
6.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
7.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 8.000
8.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
9.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 6.000
10.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Spherical
11.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 4.000 Exponential
12.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Gaussian
Linear with sill
13.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 2.000
14.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
15.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.000
16.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
17.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
18.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
19.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
20.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
21.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
22.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
23.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
24.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
25.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
26.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
27.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
28.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
29.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
30.00 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

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410123548.xls [Simulation]

CONFIDENTIAL : SUBJECT TO ATTORNEY CLIENT AND WORK PRODUCT PRIVILE

Name Value Description Coordinates Estimates

Type 1 0=nugget, 1=spherical, 2=exponential, 3=gaussian, etc. - #VALUE!
Nugget 2.500 Minimum for 1,1-DCA is 1.167 0.0004 #VALUE!
Range 10.000 0.1253 #VALUE!
Sill 37.500 1,1-DCA was 40 for sill+nugget 0.2502 #VALUE!
Gamma #VALUE! Covariance at h=1 0.3751 #VALUE!
Text 1 Nugget = 2.5 0.5000 #VALUE!
Text 2 Range = 10 0.6249 #VALUE!
Text 3 Sill = 37.5 0.7498 #VALUE!
Text 4 Spherical 0.8747 #VALUE!
Sqrt(Sill) 6.124 0.9996 #VALUE!
1.0000 #VALUE!
1.0004 #VALUE!
The Sense in Which Kriging is "Exact" 1.1253 #VALUE!
1.2502 #VALUE!
15.00 1.3751 #VALUE!
1.5000 #VALUE!
10.00
1.6249 #VALUE!
5.00 1.7498 #VALUE!
Values 1.8747 #VALUE!
- Estimates 1.9996 #VALUE!
(5.00) Samples 2.0000 #VALUE!
2.0004 #VALUE!
Spherical
Value

(10.00) 2.1253 #VALUE!

Range = 10 2.2502 #VALUE!
(15.00) Nugget = 2.5 2.3751 #VALUE!
(20.00) Sill = 37.5 2.5000 #VALUE!
2.6249 #VALUE!
(25.00) 2.7498 #VALUE!
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8747 #VALUE!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9996 #VALUE!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5 . 6. 7 . 8. 9. 10 .
3.0000 #VALUE!
3.0004 #VALUE!
Coordinate 3.1253 #VALUE!
3.2502 #VALUE!
3.3751 #VALUE!
Variogram 3.5000 #VALUE!
12.00 3.6249 #VALUE!
3.7498 #VALUE!
10.00 3.8747 #VALUE!
3.9996 #VALUE!
4.0000 #VALUE!
8.00 4.0004 #VALUE!
4.1253 #VALUE!
6.00 4.2502 #VALUE!
4.3751 #VALUE!
4.00 4.5000 #VALUE!
4.6249 #VALUE!
4.7498 #VALUE!
2.00
4.8747 #VALUE!
4.9996 #VALUE!
0.00 5.0000 #VALUE!
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 5.0004 #VALUE!
5.1253 #VALUE!
5.2502 #VALUE!
5.3751 #VALUE!

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410123548.xls [Simulation]

Name Value Description Coordinates Estimates

5.5000 #VALUE!
5.6249 #VALUE!
5.7498 #VALUE!
5.8747 #VALUE!
5.9996 #VALUE!
6.0000 #VALUE!
6.0004 #VALUE!
6.1253 #VALUE!
6.2502 #VALUE!
6.3751 #VALUE!
6.5000 #VALUE!
6.6249 #VALUE!
6.7498 #VALUE!
6.8747 #VALUE!
6.9996 #VALUE!
7.0000 #VALUE!
7.0004 #VALUE!
7.1253 #VALUE!
7.2502 #VALUE!
7.3751 #VALUE!
7.5000 #VALUE!
7.6249 #VALUE!
7.7498 #VALUE!
7.8747 #VALUE!
7.9996 #VALUE!
8.0000 #VALUE!
8.0004 #VALUE!
8.1253 #VALUE!
8.2502 #VALUE!
8.3751 #VALUE!
8.5000 #VALUE!
8.6249 #VALUE!
8.7498 #VALUE!
8.8747 #VALUE!
8.9996 #VALUE!
9.0000 #VALUE!
9.0004 #VALUE!
9.1253 #VALUE!
9.2502 #VALUE!
9.3751 #VALUE!
9.5000 #VALUE!
9.6249 #VALUE!
9.7498 #VALUE!
9.8747 #VALUE!
9.9996 #VALUE!
10.0000 #VALUE!
10.0004 #VALUE!
10.1253 #VALUE!
10.2502 #VALUE!
10.3751 #VALUE!
10.5000 #VALUE!
10.6249 #VALUE!
10.7498 #VALUE!
10.8747 #VALUE!
10.9996 #VALUE!
11.0000 #VALUE!

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 410123548.xls [Simulation]

ND WORK PRODUCT PRIVILEGES

Normal Pre-
Weights Sim Wts variates Values Nugget Values Samples Y- Y+ Gamma- Gamma+
#VALUE! - (1.209) - 0 0 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 (0.794) 0.980 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.772 (1.401) 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.217) (0.075) 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.075 (0.256) 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.074) 0.614 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 1.988 1.145 0.316 7.328 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.038) 0.469 (0.206) 2.665 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.323) 0.553 (0.967) 2.417 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.284 0.647 0.290 4.249 0 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 0.446 0.249 (0.234) 1.292 1.72 1.719277 1.719277 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 2.620 0.254 (1.723) (0.170) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (2.313) (1.101) 1.704 (5.038) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 1.009 (1.263) 1.702 (6.033) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.049 (1.286) 0.658 (7.220) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.049) (1.337) 4.085 (4.102) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.062) (1.258) 0.395 (7.308) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.847) (1.404) 0.771 (7.828) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.497) (0.831) (0.627) (5.718) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 (0.775) (1.165) 0.161 (6.973) 1.719277 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 (0.191) (0.952) 1.319 (4.512) (4.88) -4.877844 -4.877844 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.449 (0.747) (0.357) (4.933) -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.900 (0.009) (0.562) (0.620) -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.692) 0.363 (1.984) 0.238 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.065 0.781 1.717 6.497 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.651 0.916 1.958 7.569 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.469) 0.930 1.788 7.486 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 2.026 0.947 (1.620) 4.178 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.793) 0.674 (1.432) 2.695 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 1.366 0.373 (2.259) 0.025 -4.877844 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 (1.436) 0.366 (2.145) 0.095 0.63 0.632209 0.632209 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.079 0.206 0.502 1.763 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.272 0.303 (1.021) 0.832 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.127 (0.758) (0.091) (4.732) 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.544) (0.349) 2.378 0.241 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.045 (0.592) (0.001) (3.628) 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.198 (0.782) (0.717) (5.509) 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.195) (0.560) 0.354 (3.078) 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.975) (0.786) 3.390 (1.420) 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.727 (1.366) (1.552) (9.917) 0.632209 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 (1.131) (1.355) 3.962 (4.332) (7.82) -7.822285 -7.822285 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 (1.083) (1.727) 0.215 ### -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.668 (2.068) (1.520) ### -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.365) (1.717) (2.306) ### -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.516) (1.507) (0.557) (9.784) -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.511) (1.636) (0.978) ### -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.011) (1.638) (0.755) ### -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.764) (1.018) (0.839) (7.075) -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.796 (1.158) 0.630 (6.459) -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 (0.755) (1.038) (0.655) (7.012) -7.822285 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 (0.328) (0.455) (2.413) (5.198) (2.52) -2.520518 -2.520518 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 (0.021) (0.496) (0.140) (3.178) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 1.212 (0.620) 1.133 (2.664) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.273 (0.440) (0.100) (2.797) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.027) (0.578) 0.275 (3.267) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!

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410123548.xls [Simulation]

Normal Pre-
Weights Sim Wts variates Values Nugget Values Samples Y- Y+ Gamma- Gamma+
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.135 (0.444) (1.631) (4.350) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.628) (0.251) (2.553) (4.092) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.362) (0.263) (4.243) (5.850) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.255) (0.797) (0.402) (5.281) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.807 (1.018) (0.655) (6.891) -2.520518 -4.044719 #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 0.554 (0.827) 2.127 (2.941) (4.04) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 1.085 (0.875) 1.673 (3.688) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.042) 0.206 (1.787) (0.525) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.300) 0.394 2.774 5.186 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.354) 0.582 (0.583) 2.982 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.513 0.438 1.874 4.559 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.001) 0.372 (0.596) 1.684 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 1.433 (0.003) (1.562) (1.578) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.830) (0.071) (0.903) (1.335) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.553 (0.600) (0.216) (3.893) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 (0.656) (1.172) (0.569) (7.745) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 (0.369) (1.495) (0.538) (9.690) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.517) (1.705) 1.961 (8.483) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.235) (3.129) 3.793 ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.799) (2.686) (0.517) ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.971) (2.783) (1.131) ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.400) (2.611) 1.528 ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.598) (2.642) 0.919 ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (2.596) (2.653) (0.945) ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0627 0.844 (2.788) (3.361) ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 0.894 (2.379) (1.732) ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0626 0.968 (1.919) (0.464) ### (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.275) (1.530) 0.473 (8.894) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.547) (1.182) 1.312 (5.926) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.616) 0.027 (0.110) 0.056 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.643) (0.124) (1.441) (2.202) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.670) 0.000 (0.293) (0.293) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.703 (0.735) (0.561) (5.064) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.386 (0.651) (3.129) (7.116) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0626 1.647 0.383 1.835 4.180 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 (1.588) 0.786 2.101 6.915 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0626 0.707 1.237 0.104 7.681 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.596) 1.723 (0.903) 9.648 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.036) 1.636 (3.814) 6.204 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 2.380 1.792 (1.288) 9.684 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.525 1.500 (1.107) 8.080 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.635 1.315 (0.057) 7.996 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.705 0.990 0.421 6.485 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.456 0.665 0.329 4.401 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0626 1.650 0.703 (1.061) 3.246 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0004 0.369 0.083 4.099 4.604 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0626 (1.055) (0.784) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.565) (1.282) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (2.516) (1.799) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.072 (1.967) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 0.622 4.412 (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (1.929) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.775) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.1249 (0.758) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! 0.0626 (0.038) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! (5.4998) (0.429) (2.52) (4.04) #VALUE! #VALUE!
(1.848)

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