Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. Complete the passage with the correct form of verbs in parentheses. Some of the
verbs are passive and some are active. (15 points)
This review will argue that Curitiba, in southern Brazil, is an important model
of good urban planning. Urban planning (1) _____ (deal) with the physical, economic,
and social development of cities. Today, urban population (2) _____ (increase) rapidly,
and growing cities are putting enormous pressure on the environment. For this reason,
the type of urban planning found in Curitiba is more important than ever.
As stated in the introduction, Curitiba is a fine example of how urban planning
can work. This (3) _____ (not always be) the case, however. At one time, Curitiba (4)
_____ (face) the same problems as many other cities all over the world, namely
overcrowding, pollution, and an increased demand for services, transport, and housing.
How, then, did Curitiba address these problems?
By the 1940s, the population of Curitiba (5) _____ (grow) to about 150,000, as
the immigrants from other countries such as Japan, Syria, and Lebanon came to work
in agriculture and industry. These people needed both housing and transportation.
Curitiba’s leaders realized that it was not sensible to deal with these problems
separately. Consequently, they employed a French planner and architect, Alfred
Agache, to find an overall solution.
Agache studied all aspects of the problem. He designed a scheme which (give)
(6) _____ (give) priority to public services such as sanitation and public transport. At
the same time, the scheme (7) _____ (include) centers which helped both community
life and commerce to develop, and reduced traffic congestion. This was the first scheme
to address several problems of growing cities at the same time. Unfortunately, some
parts of his plan (8) _____ (not complete). The result, as described below, was that his
scheme only (9) _____ (serve) Curitiba for another 20 years.
By the 1960s, the population of Curitiba had grown to about 430,000
inhabitants, so the city (10) _____ (must) rethink its needs. In order to do this, the mayor
put together a team of architects and town planners led by Jaime Lerner. This team
produced the Curitiba Master Plan. This considered of taking Agache’s original plan
and adding wide, high-speed roads which crossed the smaller streets. Their proposals
also included plans to minimize urban growth, reduce city-center traffic, and preserve
the city’s historic district. It is clear that the Curitiba Master Plan was one of the first
attempts to integrate all aspects of city planning.
This integrated approach to urban design (11) _____ (maintain) throughout the
1980s as Curitiba’s population grew to almost one million inhabitants. Environmental
factors were added, such as a recycling program for household waste, and parks and
‘green’ lands (12) _____ (protect) from development. However, good transportation
remains central to the planning.
Good transportation still remains a priority, together with the need for jobs. A
growing population needs employment, so business parks and centers (13) _____
(added) to encourage small new businesses. All these challenges will continue as the
population of Curitiba increases, but its city planners (14) _____ (continually search)
for solutions to the problems.
It is apparent that, as an increasing number of people move into cities, the
challenges for urban planners will also grow. Many other cities are looking to Curitiba
for answers. Its planners have been courageous and innovative, and (15) _____ (always
put) the city’s inhabitants at the center of their design. Other city planners could benefit
greatly from this experience.
B. Combine each of the following sets of sentences into a single longer sentence. (10
points)
A. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. (15 points)
Ethical behavior essentially means acting in accordance with one’s moral and
ethical convictions as to what is right and what is wrong. Many commonly held
ethical convictions are written into our laws. But ethical behavior sometimes (1)
_____ us to do more than just (2) _____ with laws in order to avoid the (3) _____ of
breaking them. In some (4) _____, one can break the law and be fairly certain no one
will ever find out about it.
Imagine, for example, that you (5) _____ a number of items from your local
supermarket and discovered when you got home that the cashier had failed to (6)
_____ you for a IDR 75,000 book you had chosen. What is your decision (7) _____?
Obviously, the book does not (8) _____ belong to you– you have not paid for it. But
why should you have to take the time and trouble to return to the store and pay for
the item? After all it wasn’t your failure. What would your (9) _____ be? Would it
make a (10) _____ if the item had a much higher or a much lower price?
1. In London, parents don’t teach their children to ride because it is not safe. _____
2. There is age limitation for people who want to join the training. _____
3. CityCyclist provides training of how to ride bicycle in streets with difficult
intersections. _____
4. Using personal protective equipment is strongly advised in CityCyclist. _____
5. Assertiveness is very important for bicyclists. _____
I. Physical Organization
a. Placement of merchandise
For example, (1) __________ near the back of the store.
b. (2) __________
It helps retailers to (3) __________.
c. Providing (4) __________
It helps retailers make more money by (5) __________.
II. Pleasant Atmosphere
a. Music
It functions as a (6) __________. It makes customers (7) __________.
b. (9) __________
For example: (10) __________ in clothing stores.