Moiety (chemistry)

In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/) is a part of a molecule[1][2] which is typically given a

name as it can be found within other kinds of molecules as well.

The term moiety should be reserved to describe the larger characteristic parts of molecules and
not used to describe smaller functional groups,[1][2] which are made up of atoms that participate
in similar chemical reactions in most molecules that contain them.[3] In some instances moieties
may be composed of yet smaller moieties and functional groups. Benzyl acetate has an
ester functional group (in
Moieties that constitute branches extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule, which red), an acetyl functional
can often be broken off and substituted with others, are called substituents or side chains. group(circled with dark
green) and a benzyloxy
moiety (circled with light
Active moiety orange). Other divisions
can be made.
In pharmacology, an active moiety is the part of a molecule or ion – excluding appended inactive
portions – that is responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug substance.
Inactive appended portions of the drug substance may include either the alcohol or acid moiety of an ester, a salt (including a salt
with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex, chelate, or clathrate).[4][5] The parent
drug may itself be an inactiveprodrug and only after the active moiety is released from the parent in free form does it become active.

See also
Moiety conservation
The dictionary definition ofmoiety at Wiktionary

References
1. "moiety" (http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03968.html). IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the "Gold Book")
(http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html)(2 ed.). disco Scientific Publications. 2014-02-24.
doi:10.1351/goldbook.M03968(https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.M03968) . ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.
2. "Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety"(http://web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/M/moiety
.html).
web.chem.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-22.
3. "functional group" (http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02555.html). IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the "Gold
Book") (http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html)(2 ed.). Blackwell Scientific Publications. 2014-02-24.
doi:10.1351/goldbook.F02555(https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.F02555) . ISBN 0-9678550-9-8.
4. "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21" (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cf
m?fr=314.3). United States Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2018
. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
5. "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Food and Drugs § 314.3"(https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID
=32b6a1fbd1a07e487c95cb72b5c72d13&mc=true&node=se21.5.314_13&rgn=div8) . Electronic Code of Federal
Regulations. United States Government Publishing Office. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019. "Active
moiety is the molecule or ion, excluding those appended portions of the molecule that cause the drug to be an ester
,
salt (including a salt with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex,
chelate, or clathrate) of the molecule, responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of the drug
substance."

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