SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT FOR K456+209 SHORT BRIDGE

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY
MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT

(Volume 1 of 1)
K456+209 SHORT BRIDGE
PESHAWAR-KARACHI MOTORWAY (PKM)

SUKKUR-MULTAN SECTION
OCT 2016
Super
Structure, ITS
Surve Sub Road
Section Main Geotechnical Underpass Traffic Pavement Hydraulic/ Environmenta &Road
Section y Structure Safety
Chainage Length Repor Investigation and Study Design Hydrologic l Management Side
No. Repor Design Audit
(km) t Report Culvert Report Report al Report Plan Report Facilitie
t Report Report
Design s
Report
1-1 K380+000~K383+000 3
1-2 K383+000~K387+000 4
Section 1-3 K387+000~K408+000 20.996

1
1-4 K408+000~K411+000 3
(54.99
6km) 1-5 K411+000~K423+000 12
1-6 K423+000~K428+000 5
1-7 K428+000~K435+000 7
2-1 K435+000~K438+000 3
2-2 K438+000~K448+000 10
Section 2-3 K448+000~K455+000 7

2
(56.15
2-4 K455+000~K459+300 4.3 √
1km) 2-5 K459+300~K478+000 18.7
2-6 K478+000~K488+000 10
2-7 K488+000~ K491+150.527 3.151
3-1 K490+981.670~K505+000 14.018
3-2 K505+000~K508+000 3
Section
3 3-3 K508+000~K520+000 12
(59.01
3-4 K520+000~K534+000 14
8km)
3-5 K534+000~K541+000 7
3-6 K541+000~K550+000 9
4-1 K550+000~K577+000 27
Section 4-2 K577+000~K584+000 7
4
(54km) 4-3 K584+000~K594+000 10
4-4 K594+000~K604+000 10
5-1 K604+000~K613+000 9
Section 5-2 K613+000~K619+000 6

5
5-3 K619+000~K640+000 21
(54.99
9km) 5-4 K640+000~K650+000 10
5-5 K650+000~K659+000 9
6-1 K659+000~K675+000 16
Section 6-2 K675+000~K688+600 13.6
6
(57km) 6-3 K688+600~K705+000 16.4
6-4 K705+000~K716+000 11
Section 7-1 K716+000~K745+000 29

7
7-2 K745+000~K755+000 10
(56.01
8km) 7-3 K755+000~K772+017.813 17.018
Project Manager
Design Chief
1 CONTENTS
1 Contents ........................................................................................................................ 1
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................. 3
3 Structural Design Criteria ............................................................................................... 4
3.1 design life of bridges ............................................................................................... 4
3.2 Codes Of Practices ................................................................................................. 4
3.3 Material Properties .................................................................................................. 4
3.4 Loads ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.4.1 Dead Weight (DC) ............................................................................................ 5
3.4.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW) ................................................................. 5
3.4.3 Live Loads (LL) ................................................................................................. 5
3.4.4 Pedestrian Load (LL) ........................................................................................ 8
3.4.5 Wind Loads (WS) and (WL) .............................................................................. 8
3.4.6 Seismic Loads (EQ) .......................................................................................... 8
3.4.7 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR) ............................................................ 9
3.4.8 Earth Pressure (EV and EH) ............................................................................. 9
3.4.9 Surcharge Load (LS) ........................................................................................ 9
3.5 Load Combination ................................................................................................. 11
3.6 Concrete Cover ..................................................................................................... 12
3.7 Pile Capacity ......................................................................................................... 12
3.8 Seismic Zone ........................................................................................................ 12
4 Structural System And Other Details............................................................................ 13
4.1 Configuration ......................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Expansion Joint ..................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Drainage ............................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Bearing pads ......................................................................................................... 13
4.5 Computer Modeling ............................................................................................... 14
4.5.1 Super Structure .............................................................................................. 14
4.5.2 Sub Structure ................................................................................................. 14
4.6 Design ................................................................................................................... 14
5 Bridge Typical long and cross sections ........................................................................ 15
6 Loading For Sub Structure ........................................................................................... 17
6.1 Breaking Force ...................................................................................................... 17
6.2 wind load ............................................................................................................... 18
6.3 Earth Pressure ...................................................................................................... 20
6.3.1 Lateral Earth Pressure(EH) ............................................................................ 20
1
6.3.2 Vertical Earth Pressure(EV) ............................................................................ 21
6.4 Surcharge Load (LS) ............................................................................................. 21
6.5 Modulus Of Subgrade Reaction For Piles .............................................................. 21
7 Design Of Back Wall .................................................................................................... 33
8 Design Of Wing Wall.................................................................................................... 38
9 Design Of Abutment Transom...................................................................................... 41
10 Minimum Support Length ............................................................................................ 53
11 Design Of Abutment Pile.............................................................................................. 54
12 Approach Slab Design ................................................................................................. 57
2
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project
30m Bridge over Road
Location
K456+209
Principal Engineer
China State Consultants Engineering Corportation
Design Team
China State Consultants Engineering Corportation
3
3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 DESIGN LIFE OF BRIDGES

The design life of bridges is 75 years conform to AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS
3.2 CODES OF PRACTICES

Following is the summary of the codes used in designing:
• WEST PAKISTAN HIGHWAY CODE OF PRACTICE, HIGHWAY BRIDGES (1967)

used for Live Loads analysis, Braking Forces and Deck Slab Design.
• AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS, 6TH EDITION (2012) used for
all analysis, design and specifications of loads (including live loads, which ever
governs), load combinations. Local environmental parameters have been considered
in determining seismic, water, wind, temperature etc. as per AASHTO code
specifications.
• BUILDING CODE REQUIRMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-08)

used for design and detailing of reinforced concrete components where specifications
of AASHTO code are insufficient.
• PAKISTAN BUILDING CODE (2007) used for seismic zoning in addition to the
Seismic Risk Map of Pakistan developed by Geological Survey of Pakistan.
• ASTM standards used for material specifications and testing where AASHTO
specifications for material types and testing requirements are insufficient.
3.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

a) 28 Days Compressive Strength of Concrete (Cylindrical)
Piles,Pile Caps,Pier Shaft,Abutment Shaft 28 MPa (4000 Psi)

Abutment Walls, Wing walls, Counterfort, Pier Transom
24 MPa (3500 Psi)
Abutment Transom
b) Reinforcement
High yield deformed steel bars conforming to AASHTO M31 (ASTM A615) Grade 60 with
minimum yield strength of 413 MPa shall be used.
c) Unit Weights
Reinforced Concrete 24 KN/m3 (150 Pcf) AASHTO Table 3.5.1-1

Wearing Course 23 KN/m3 (140 Pcf) AASHTO Table 3.5.1-1
Fill Soil 19 KN/m3 (120 Pcf) Geotechnical Report
d) Modulus of Elasticity
4
Concrete 4800√f’c Mpa AASHTO LRFD C5.4.2.4-1
Rebar 200000 Mpa AASHTO LRFD 5.4.3.2
3.4 LOADS
3.4.1 Dead Weight (DC)
It is the self-weight of Reinforced Concrete Structure. Barriers and Median weights to be
calculated according to their actual size and dimensions.
3.4.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW)

It is super imposed dead weight of Asphalt wearing course (70mm) thick.
3.4.3 Live Loads (LL)

Following live loads from two codes will be used which ever generate maximum stresses in c
omponents for design of pre-stressed girders and loads to be transferred on bearing pads.
A) West Pakistan Code of Practice, Highway Bridges 1967.
• Class A, Truck Loading, Section 2, Figure 4.
• Class AA, Military Loading, Section 4, Figure 5.
Whichever of them produce maximum stress in Deck Slab, pre-stressed girders and
bearing pads. Impact for Class A will be as specified in Section 2.9 and for multi
presence of Trucks, the load intensity may be reduced as per Section 2.7.
B) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 6th Edition (2012)

• Design Truck or design Tandem A3.6.1.2
• Design lane load A3.6.1.2
Specifications of design truck (A3.6.1.2.2)

and Specifications of design tandem
(A3.6.1.2.3) and Design Lane Load
(A3.6.1.2.4) are to be used. Number of
design lanes to be decided as per
(A3.6.1.1.1). Design Tandem or Design
Truck both cases coincident along with
Design Traffic Load whichever produces
maximum stresses in girder or load to be
transmitted to bearing pads.
5
6
7
The minimum clearance between the roadway face of
curb and the outer edge of the track shall be assumed
as follows:
Width of roadway 11’-6’’ to 13’-6’’ 1’-0’’
13’-6’’ to 18’-0’’ 2’-0’’
Above 18’-0’’ 4’-0’’
3.4.4 Pedestrian Load (LL)
Load of 75 psf will be applied on curb wider than 2 feet or 600 mm simultaneously along with
vehicular design load. If the side walk is to be removed in future than vehicle shall be placed
1 ft from the edge of the overhang. For the design of overhang and 2ft for design of all other
components. If vehicles can mount on side walk then side walk needs not to be considered
for pedestrian live load.
3.4.5 Wind Loads (WS) and (WL)

Winds and wind loads will assigned as per AASHTO article 3.15 (Design speed of 100 mph)
Wind on live to be taken 100 plf acting normal to traffic 6 ft above the road way.
3.4.6 Seismic Loads (EQ)

For single span bridge, according to AASHTO 4.7.4.2, seismic analysis is not required
regardless of seismic zone.
However for multi span bridge, AASHTO 4.7.4.3 will be used. Site specific data will be used
to calculate Site Factors, Elastic Seismic Response Coefficients as per AASHTO 3.10
specifications of Earth Quake Loading.
Method of calculating earth quake will be decided as per AASHTO Table 4.7.4.3.1-1.
Wind on substructure to be taken as base pressure of 40 psf.
8
SM/UL, MM, TH methods are provided in AASHTO 4.7.4.3.
3.4.7 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR)

They will be calculated based on which live loads produce maximum stresses.
From WPCPHB, Section 2.10, whichever produce maximum force.
• 30 percent of weight of vehicle Class A;
• 15 percent of weight of military vehicle Class AA.
The centre of gravity of this longitudinal force shall be assumed be located 6 ft above the
profile grade of the roadway slab.
From AASHTO 3.6.4, braking force shall be taken as the greater of :
• 25 percent of the axle weights of the design truck or design tandem or,
• 5 percent of the design truck plus lane load or five percent of the design tandem plus
lane load
And this braking force shall be placed in all design lanes which are comsidered to be loaded
in accordance with Article 3.6.1.1.1 and which are carrying traffic headed in the same
direction. These forces shall e assumed to act horizontally at a distance of 6.0 ft above the
roadway surface in either longitudinal direction to cause extreme force effects.
3.4.8 Earth Pressure (EV and EH)

Earth pressure will be calculated as per site specific data obtained from geo technical
investigation. The Soil Density is 19 KN/m3 for granular fill and angle of friction taken as 30°.
Vertical Earth pressure to be applied as super imposed load on any component filled with
soil directly above for example pile cap.
3.4.9 Surcharge Load (LS)

Retaining walls and abutments are designed for surcharge load as specified in AASHTO
3.11.6.4
9
10
3.5 LOAD COMBINATION
Load combinations are based on minimum specified load factors as specified in AASHTO
3.4.
γEQ will be based on site specific data else it is permissible to take it 0.5 according AASHTO
C3.4.1.
All notations are present in AASHTO 3.3.
11
3.6 CONCRETE COVER
Minimum concrete cover (as per article 8.22.1 and 9.26.1 of AASHTO standard
specifications ) to the nearest reinforcement shall be as follows:
l Deck Slab :
Top 50 mm
Bottom 25 mm
l Pre-stressed Girders
Top (Main Reinforcement) 40 mm

Bottom (Main Reinforcement) 40 mm
Stirrups 25 mm
l Diaphragm 40 mm
l Barriers/ Mediam 30 mm
l Transom 40 mm
l Piers 50 mm
l Piles
Top 75 mm
l Abutment/Approach slab:
Top 50 mm
Bottom 25 mm
3.7 PILE CAPACITY

The Safe Pile Capacity based on Geotechnical Report. Delete
Assumed Pile Diameter 1.2 m
Assumed Length 30m
3.8 SEISMIC ZONE

As per Seismic Risk Map developed by Geological Survey of Pakistan and Pakistan Building
Code, the seismic zone of the bridge is Zone 2A located at Sukkur-Multan.
12
4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND OTHER DETAILS
4.1 CONFIGURATION
The super structure of bridge is composed of Cast in Place Deck Slab and pre-cast post
tensioned simply Supported I- Girders. The deck slab is cast in place RCC.
Thickness of deck slab 225 mm
RCC approach slab thickness of 350 mm, 6 m long provided at each end of deck slab.
The substructure consists of multiple pier bents, supported either of pile caps and piles.
Depth of abutment transom 1150 mm
Width of abutment transom 1950 mm
Diameter of pile 1200 mm
4.2 EXPANSION JOINT

Expansion Joint
The design thermal movement range, ΔT, shall depend
upon the extreme bridge design temperatures defined in
Article 3.12.2.1 or 3.12.2.2, and be determined
as:
(LRFD 2012, A
ΔT = α L (TMaxDesign -TMinDesign) 3.12.2.3)
(LRFD 2012, A
Max rise in temp T= 70 F 3.12.2.1)
Linear Thermal Coefficient (LRFD 2012, A

α= 0.000006 /ºF 5.4.2.2)
Deck Length L= 45 m DecK Length is

Total Elongation ΔT= 18.9 mm 30M. Please Check
Per expansion joint

ΔT/2= 9.45 mm
Provide expansion joint 25 mm OK
4.3 DRAINAGE
Cross slope of 2% is provided on both sides of deck to ensure draining. Drainage pipe of
100 mm dia is provided at intervals of 5m.
4.4 BEARING PADS

Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing Pads conforming to AASHTO 14.6.5 and 14.6.6 provided at
each of girders.
13
4.5 COMPUTER MODELING
Following computer programs are used in calculations and modeling.
• CSI BRIDGE 2014
• MS Excel
4.5.1 Super Structure

The super structure modeled as combination of plate and beam members. Using and CSi
Bridge. The moving load analysis is done to calculate Live Load reaction forces of bearing
pads and moments and forces in girders.
Deck Slab is modeled on CSI BRIDGE to calculate all forces required to design slab. Self-
weight is calculated automatically.
The Structure has been analyzed for all possible position of Class AA loading, and multiple
presence of Class A and also AASHTO Trucks and Tandem loadings coincident with Traffic
Lane Loading. Critical loadings are identified with the help of software.
Barrier is design with the help of excel sheet conforming to AASHTO 13.2.
4.5.2 Sub Structure

The sub structure is models as 3D space frames comprising of plate, beams and column
elements using CSI BRIDGE 2014. All loads transferred from super structure and additional
loads are applied on sub structure including Earth pressure, Earth Weight, Live Load
Surcharge and Wind Forces.
Piles are supported by lateral and vertical springs, values calculated as per geotechnical
data.
4.6 DESIGN
Deck Slabs, precast post tensioned girders and bearing pads using in-house developed
worksheets.
• Sub Structures are designed with the help of 3D model on CSI BRIDGE and with the
help of in-house developed worksheets.
14
5 BRIDGE TYPICAL LONG AND CROSS SECTIONS
PILE LENGTH MENTIONED HERE ARE NOT

MATCHING WITH AS SHOWN IN FINAL
DRAWINGS. PLEASE CORRECT
15
Mirror all
dimensions about
horizontal axis.
Like as marked
16
Shear Key Shown
here are not
consistent with the
drawing S43-G-101
6 LOADING FOR SUB STRUCTURE
6.1 BREAKING FORCE

LONGITUDINAL FORCE(LIVE A/AA)
Span 30 m
Deck Slab Thickness 225 mm
C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm
Depth of Girder 2000 mm
Σ 4053.8 mm
13.3 ft
Total Truck train load on Abutment (one lane) 544 Kn
Number of Lanes 4
Longitudinal Force (30% of Class A load) 489.6 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC
Total Tank load on Abutment 700 Kn
Longitudinal Force (15% of Class AA load) 105 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC
Governing Longitudinal Force 244.8 Kn
992.4 Kn-m
No. of Girders 6
Load per Girder 41 Kn
Vertical loading due to Longitudinal Moment 6 Kn
LONGITUDINAL FORCE(HL-93M/K)
Span 30 m
C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm
Σ 4053.8 mm
13.3 ft
Total Design Truck load on Abutment 1281 Kn

(25% of the axle weights ） 320 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
17
Total Design Tandem load on Abutment 890 Kn
(25% of the axle weights ） 222 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
5% Of The Design Truck Plus Lane Load 120 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
5% Of The Design Tandem Plus Lane Load 100 Kn (LRFD 2012, A 3.6.4)
Governing Longitudinal Force 104 Kn
422.0 Kn-m
No. of Girders 6
Load per Girder 17 Kn
Vertical loading due to Longitudinal Moment 2 Kn
6.2 WIND LOAD

Design Wind Pressure = PD= PB(VDZ2/25600) (A.3.8.1.2.1-1)
PB= base wind pressure
PB= 0.0024 MPa
PBTmax
0.0024 MPa (A.3.8.1.2.2)
=
PBLmax
0.0009 MPa
=
PBTmax
0.0008 MPa
=
VDZ=2.5V0(V10/VB)ln(Z/Z0)
(Table 3.8.1.1-1)（open
V0= 13.2 Km/hr
country）
Z0= 0.07 m
V10=VB= 160 Km/hr
m≥30
Z= 9.5
ft
VDZ= 162.0 Km/hr
0.00246
PDTmax=PBTVDZ2/25600= MPa (3.8.1.2.1-1)
2
51.4 psf
0.00092
PDLmax=PBLVDZ2/25600= MPa
3
19.3 psf
0.00082
PDTmax=PBLVDZ2/25600= MPa
1
17.1 psf
No. of Girders 6
Span of Girder 30 m
Height of Barrier above Deck 940 mm
18
Total Depth 3165 mm
10.4 ft
1.Maximum Transverse Load （no longitudinal
load）
WS(transverse) 51.417 psf
533.903 per ft
w 7.945 KN/m
w x span 238.360 KN
Wx 3.165/2 377.205 KN-m
Load per
40 KN
Girder
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
d 6.625 3.975 1.325 -1.325 -3.975 -6.625
d2 43.891 15.801 1.756 1.756 15.801 43.891
122.89
Σd2
4
F 20 12 4 -4 -12 -20
Vertical loading due to Wind Moment
2.Minimum Transverse and Max. longitudinal Load
WS(Longitudinal) 19.3 psf
200.213 per ft
w 2.980 KN/m
w x span 89.385 KN
Load per
15 KN
Girder
1.Maximum Transverse Load （no longitudinal
load）
WS(transverse) 17.139 psf
177.968 per ft
w 2.648 KN/m
w x span 79.453 KN
Wx 3.165/2 125.735 KN-m
Load per
13 KN
Girder
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
d 6.625 3.975 1.325 -1.325 -3.975 -6.625
d2 43.891 15.801 1.756 1.756 15.801 43.891
122.89
Σd2
4
F 7 4 1 -1 -4 -7
Wind Load on Live Load (3.8.1.3)
1. Maximum Transverse Lad (no longitudinal load)
WL (transverse)
applie
w 1.46 KN/m 1.8 m above deck
d at
W 27.594 KN
e 4.965 m
m 137.0 KN-m/m
19
Load per
5 KN
Girder
122.89
Σd2
4
F 7 4 1 -1 -4 -7
2. Minimum Transverse and Max. longitudinal Load
WL (transverse)
w 0.50 KN/m
W 9.45 KN
e 4.97 m
KN-
m 46.92
m/m
Load per
1.6 KN
Girder
122.89
Σd2
4
F 3 2 1 -1 -2 -3
WL (longitudinal)
w 0.55 KN/m
W 10.40 KN
e 4.97 m
KN-
m 51.61
m/m
Load per
1.7 KN
Girder
6.3 EARTH PRESSURE

6.3.1 Lateral Earth Pressure(EH)
Lateral earth pressure shall be assumed to be linearly proportional to the depth of earth and
taken as:
P=Kγs·Z LRFD 2012-A 3.11.5.1-1
Where :
P = lateral earth pressure
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure taken as ko, specified in Article 3.11.5.2, for walls that
do not deflect or move, ka, specified in Articles 3.11.5.3, 3.11.5.6 and 3.11.5.7, for walls that
deflect or move sufficiently to reach minimum active conditions, or kp, specified in Article
3.11.5.4, for walls that deflect or move sufficiently to reach a passive condition
γs = unit weight of soil
Z = depth below the surface of earth

Calculation of Active Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient, ka=0.333
20
Delete Assumed
Word
Soil Density is assumed 19 KN/m3 for granular fill and angle of friction taken as 30°. The
lateral earth pressure is assumed as area pressure in the SAP2000 model.
Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
P(KN/m2) 6.327 12.654 18.981 25.308 31.635 37.962 44.289 50.616 56.943
6.3.2 Vertical Earth Pressure(EV)

Vertical Earth pressure to be applied as super imposed load on any component filled with
soil directly above for example pile cap.
EV = γs·Z = 19 x 9 = 172 kN/m2
6.4 SURCHARGE LOAD (LS)

The increase in horizontal pressure due to live load surcharge may be estimated as:
ΔP=Kγs·heq LRFD 2012-A 3.11.5.1-1
Where :
ΔP = constant horizontal earth pressure due to live load surcharge
γs = total unit weight of soil
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure

heq = equivalent height of soil for vehicular load
Abutment Height（m） Heq P(KN/m2)

1.5 1.2 7.6
3 0.9 5.7
≥6 0.6 3.8
Parallel to Traffic
Heq
Retaining Wall Height（m） P(KN/m2)
0 ≥0.3
1.5 1.5 0.6 3.8
3 1.05 0.6 3.8
≥6 0.6 0.6 3.8
Perpendicular to Traffic
6.5 MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION FOR PILES

For Pile
Dia of Pile 1.2 m
d 3.7 m
ks=As+BsZn refer pg. 933 bowles
where
21
As=constant for either horizontal or vertical members
Bs=coefficient for depth variation
Z=depth of interest below ground
n=exponent to give ks the best fit
Spring Values
Node Z ks Kxy Kz
1 0 69643 16577 13372
2 1.5 71218 34673 13923
3 3 85778 40350 22684
22
4 4.5 98052 54047 30127
5 6 208321 91188 38412
6 7.5 226602 109547 46598
7 9 276342 128047 57649
8 10.5 294030 138844 66749
9 12 310644 146708 77660
10 13.5 326357 154143 89477
11 15 341303 161213 97404
12 16.5 355583 175885 107559
13 18 469829 218945 126068
14 19.5 545355 266052 141913
15 21 727196 349110 145833
16 22.5 979000 435665 159611
17 24 889059 438596 166580
18 25.5 1034236 452589 175316
19 27 721156 366794 187686
20 28.5 738842 356600 195961
21 30 851734 415953 206231
22 31.5 1136170 545547 211456
23 33 1531169 694795 232371
24 34.5 1561949 737971 242736
25 36 1592094 752217 253527
26 37.5 1621642 766181 264747
27 39 1650627 779879 276394
28 40.5 1679080 793325 288470
29 42 1707029 806534 300976
30 43.5 1734501 819516 313912
31 45 1761518 832283 327277
32 46.5 1788103 844846 341074
23
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CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - 3-D View - KN, m, C Units

CSiBridge 2014 9/28/16 14:41:21
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Joint Loads (BF) - KN, m, C Units

CSiBridge 2014 9/28/16 14:41:34
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Joint Loads (BF-H) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
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CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Joint Loads (WS-T) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
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CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Joint Loads (WS-L) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
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CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Joint Loads (WL-T) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
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CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Joint Loads (WL-L) (As Defined) - KN, m, C Units
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0.0 1.8 3.6 5.3 7.1 8.9 10.7 12.4 14.2 16.0 17.8 19.5 21.3 23.1
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (EH) - KN, m, C Units
CSiBridge 2014 9/14/16 15:39:04
0.00 0.41 0.82 1.22 1.63 2.04 2.45 2.85 3.26 3.67 4.08 4.48 4.89 5.30
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (LS) - KN, m, C Units
7 DESIGN OF BACK WALL
f'c 3500 psi
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 1000 mm
39.37 in
h= 400 mm
15.75 in
I= 5333333333 mm4
12813 in4
Mcr = γ3[(γ1fr+γ2 fcpe)Sc-Mdnc{Sc/Snc-1}] LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 1627.3 in3
Snc = 1627.3 in3
Mcr = 783 Kip-in
88 KN-m
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 56 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 74 KN-m
Mmin =min(Mcr,1.33Mu) 74 KN-m LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 57.3 mm
Layer 1
d 334.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 135 mm
As 1489 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
a=Asfy/(0.85fc'b) 30 mm
Mn=Asfy(d-a/2) 187 KN-m
Mr=ΦMn 169 KN-m
33
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 148 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 197 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 57.3 mm
Layer 1
d 334.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 150 mm
As 1340 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 153 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
34
TABLE: Element Forces - Area Shells
Area ShellType Joint OutputCase CaseType StepType F11 F22 M11 M22
Text Text Text Text Text Text KN/m KN/m KN-m/m KN-m/m
2143 Shell-Thin 1541 COMB2 Combination Max 103.71 -14.25 -9.611 0.2021
2143 Shell-Thin 503 COMB2 Combination Max 112.19 21.46 -30.6723 -0.3028
2143 Shell-Thin 1541 COMB2 Combination Min 71.06 -22.33 -15.056 0.1067
2143 Shell-Thin 503 COMB2 Combination Min 76.34 11.13 -40.785 -0.678
2143 Shell-Thin 1542 COMB2 Combination Min 71.94 -21.33 -14.6008 -0.2955
2144 Shell-Thin 1543 COMB2 Combination Max 76.8 -26.52 -10.8124 -2.4682
2145 Shell-Thin 1544 COMB2 Combination Min -3.36 -78.59 -25.009 -20.5458
2146 Shell-Thin 1071 COMB2 Combination Max 31.99 67.64 -15.6623 1.9333
2146 Shell-Thin 1072 COMB2 Combination Max -69.36 44.31 -22.6679 -16.216
2147 Shell-Thin 1072 COMB2 Combination Max -31.22 195.96 -12.4483 44.0073
2147 Shell-Thin 1072 COMB2 Combination Min -72.96 98.22 -21.7658 31.8418
2147 Shell-Thin 1545 COMB2 Combination Min -70.03 25.89 -30.4141 -91.8044
2148 Shell-Thin 1099 COMB2 Combination Max 144.59 239.53 11.3489 -57.8633
35
36
2164 Shell-Thin 1066 COMB2 Combination Max -13.03 -314.17 -22.0135 -101.4127
2164 Shell-Thin 1562 COMB2 Combination Max -61.22 -326.37 5.5756 -78.9463
2164 Shell-Thin 1562 COMB2 Combination Min -154.64 -836.65 3.4979 -107.5404
Max 332.2 427.94 11.3489 44.0073
Min -293.24 -836.65 -55.993 -148.126
37
8 DESIGN OF WING WALL
f'c 3500 psi
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 1000 mm
39.37 in
h= 400 mm
15.75 in
I= 5333333333 mm4
12813 in4
Mcr = γ3[(γ1fr+γ2 fcpe)Sc-Mdnc{Sc/Snc-1}] LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-1
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 1627.3 in3
Snc = 1627.3 in3
Mcr = 783 Kip-in
88 KN-m
HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 80 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 106 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 51.3 mm
Layer 1
d 340.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 150 mm
As 1340 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
38
Mr=ΦMn 156 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
EARTH FACE
Mu = 53 KN-m
Mcr = 88 KN-m
1.33Mu = 70 KN-m
b 1000 mm
h 400 mm
Dia 16 mm
Cover 51.3 mm
Layer 1
d 340.7 mm
Ab 201 sqmm
spacing 150 mm
As 1340 sqmm
f'c 24.13 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 156 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
39
TABLE: Element Forces - Area Shells
Area ShellType Joint OutputCase CaseType StepType F11 F22 M11 M22
Text Text Text Text Text Text KN/m KN/m KN-m/m KN-m/m
2112 Shell-Thin 1072 COMB2 Combination Max -257.67 -567.11 -18.9979 -31.3896
2112 Shell-Thin 1075 COMB2 Combination Min 175.5 1568.1 -32.3114 1.2374
2114 Shell-Thin 1076 COMB2 Combination Min -27.79 101.33 -19.6861 1.1495
2116 Shell-Thin 1071 COMB2 Combination Min -66.81 -35.34 -26.6535 2.4162
2116 Shell-Thin 1078 COMB2 Combination Min 24.4 53.66 -18.4497 1.6476
2123 Shell-Thin 1083 COMB2 Combination Min 3.89 -9.05 -21.8627 0.6234
Max 276.75 2241.95 -14.202 9.665
Min -353.74 -941.37 -80.368 -52.883
40
9 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT TRANSOM
(1)Check Fof Moment
f'c psi
3500
24.13 Mpa
fy 60000 psi
413 Mpa
β1 0.85
fr = 0.24(f'c)^0.5 LRFD 2012, 5.4.2.6
fr = 0.45 Ksi
3.10 Mpa
b= 1950 mm
76.77 in
h= 1150 mm
45.28 in
I= 247142187500 mm4
593761 in4
LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-
Mcr = γ3[(γ1fr+γ2 fcpe)Sc-Mdnc{Sc/Snc-1}] 1
γ1 = 1.6
γ2 = 1.1
γ3 = 0.67
Sc = 26228.8 in3
Snc = 26228.8 in3
Mcr = 12625 Kip-in
1426 KN-m
BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 664 KN-m
Mcr = 1426 KN-m
1.33Mu = 883 KN-m
LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-
Mmin =min(Mcr,1.33Mu) 883 KN-m 1
b 1950 mm
h 1150 mm
Dia 25 mm
Cover 72 mm
Layer 1
d 1065.5 mm
Ab 491 sqmm
Nos 15
As 7363 sqmm
f'c 27.59 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
41
Mr=ΦMn 2734 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
TOP REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 1272 KN-m
Mcr = 1426 KN-m
1.33Mu = 1692 KN-m
LRFD 2012, A 5.7.3.3.2-
Mmin =min(Mcr,1.33Mu) 1426 KN-m 1
b 1950 mm
h 1150 mm
Dia 25 mm
Cover 72 mm
Layer 1
d 1065.5 mm
Ab 491 sqmm
Nos 15
As 7363 sqmm
f'c 27.59 Mpa
fy 413 Mpa
Mr=ΦMn 2734 KN-m
As Mr > Mu
And Mr > Mmin OK
(2)Check For Crack Width

Crack Width Calculation for +ve Moments
Service Load Moment 483 KN-m
Cover 72 mm
b 1950 mm
h 1150 mm
45.276 in
f'c 24.130 N/mm2
3500 Psi
fy 413 N/mm2
60,000 Psi
Es 29,000,000 Psi
Effective Depth "dl" 1078 mm

42.441 in
(+ve) As Provided 25 mm Dia Bar
Nos 15
42
Spacing Provided 129.0 mm c/c
5.079 in c/c
dc = Cocrete Cover 72 mm
2.835 in
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 42.441 in
Condition s < 700 γe /(β sfss)-2dc Ref : LRFD 5.7.3.4
in which
βs= 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
γe= exposure factor,
= 1 for Class 1 exposure condition
= 0.75 for Class 2 exposure condition
for Class
γe= 0.75 2
fss Tensile Stress in steel reinforcement at the Service limit state.
h overall thickness or depth of component (in)
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of extreme
tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension Fibre
to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
βs= 1.0954
0.6fy 36,000 Psi 5221619

Es 29,000,000 Psi
1/2
Ec = 57000(f'c) 3372165 Psi
n = Es/Ec 8.6
8.6
Area of One bar 490.87 mm2
Total Area of All Bars As 7363.11 mm2
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 1078 mm
2
0.5*b*x = n*As*(d-x)
Where
b Width of Strip. = 1950 mm
n Modular Ratio
x Distance of Cracked Section from Extreme Compression Face.
As Area of steel of bars in 1m Strip.
d (Depth of Slab) - dc
a 1.00
For Quadratic Equation b 64.94
-
c 70010.70
(+ve) and (-ve) Values of x1 234.11
43
"x"
x2 -299.05 mm
x 234.11 mm
Icr =(bx3/3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
Where
Icr Moment of Inertia of Transformed Cracked Section.
Icr 53,434,470,389 mm4
M 483.0 KN-m/m
fss = n*M*(d-x)/Icr 0.066 KN / mm2
fss= 9.5 KSI
Condition s < 700 γe /(β sfss)- 2dc
s< 44.7 in
s provided = 5.1 in Ok
Crack Width Calculation for -ve Moments

Service Load Moment 963 KN-m
Cover 72 mm
b 1950 mm
h 1150 mm
45.27559055 in
f'c 24.13 N/mm2
3500 Psi
fy 413 N/mm2
60000 Psi
Es 29000000 Psi
Effective Depth "dl" 1078 mm

42.441 in
44
(+ve) As Provided 25 mm Dia Bar
Nos 15
Spacing Provided 129 mm c/c
5.079 in c/c
dc = Cocrete Cover 72 mm
2.835 in
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 42.441 in
Condition s < 700 γe /(β sfss)-2dc Ref : LRFD 5.7.3.4
in which
βs= 1+{dc/0.7(h-dc)}
Where
γe= exposure factor,
= 1 for Class 1 exposure condition
= 0.75 for Class 2 exposure condition
for Class
γe= 0.75 2
fss Tensile Stress in steel reinforcement at the Service limit state.
h overall thickness or depth of component (in)
dl distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid of
extreme tension element (in)
dc Thickness of concrete cover measured from Extreme Tension
Fibre to Center of the flexural reinforcement located closest thereto (in)
βs= 1.0954
0.6fy 36,000 Psi 5221619

Es 29,000,000 Psi
Ec = 57000(f'c)1/2 3372165 Psi
n = Es/Ec 8.6
8.6
Area of One bar 490.87 mm2
Total Area of All Bars As 7363.11 mm2
d = (Depth of Slab) - dc 1078 mm
2
0.5*b*x = n*As*(d-x)
Where
b Width of Strip. = 1950 mm
n Modular Ratio
x Distance of Cracked Section from Extreme Compression Face.
As Area of steel of bars in 1m Strip.
d (Depth of Slab) - dc
a 1.00
For Quadratic Equation
b 64.94
45
-
c 70010.70
(+ve) and (-ve) Values of x1 234.11
"x"
x2 -299.05 mm
x 234.11 mm
Icr =(bx3/3)+(n*As)*(d-x)2
Where
Icr Moment of Inertia of Transformed Cracked Section.
Icr 53,434,470,389 mm4
M 963.0 KN-m/m
fss = n*M*(d-x)/Icr 0.131 KN / mm2
fss= 19.0 KSI
Condition s < 700 γe /(β sfss)- 2dc
s< 19.6 in
s provided = 5.1 in Ok
(3)Check for Shear

Shear Check (5.8.3.3)
Vu= 1688 Kn
The nominal Shear Resistance Vn is lesser of:
1. Vn= Vc+Vs+Vp Article 5.8.3.3-1
2. Vn=0.25f'c bv dv + Vp Article 5.8.3.3-2
where
Vc=0.083 β f'c1/2 bv dv Article 5.8.3.3-3
Vs=Av fy dv (cotθ+cotα)sinα /s Article 5.8.3.3-4
bv= effective web width taken as the minimum web width within the depth dv
dv= effective shear depth as determined in Article 5.8.2.9
46
dv= de-a/2
de= effective depth from extreme compression fibre to centroid of t
ensile reinforcement
1066 mm
depth of compression stress block= a=
a= 67 mm
i)dv =de-a/2 = 1032 mm 1

ii) dv= 0.9de 2
959 mm
iii) dv = 0.72h
828 mm 3
dv= largest of 1), 2) & 3
dv = 1032 mm
1. Vn= Vc+Vs+Vp Article 5.8.3.3-1

2. Vn=0.25f'c bv dv + Vp Article 5.8.3.3-2
Vc=0.083 β f'c1/2 bv dv
For non-prestressed member
β= 2 Article 5.8.3.4
θ 45 degree
Vc= 1641 Kn
φ= 0.9 Article 5.5.4.2

Vs= Av fy dv (cotθ+cotα)sinα/ s Dia 16 mm
α= 90 o
Av(6legs) 1206 sqmm
C-5.8.3.3.1
Assume s= 150 mm
Vs= 2424 kn
Vn= 4066 Kn 1 As per eq. 5.8.3.3-1
12143 Kn 2 As per eq. 5.8.3.3-2
Vn is lesser of 1 & 2
Vn = 4066 Kn
φVn = 3659 > 1688 OK
(4)Minimum Required Transverse Reinforcement
Minimum Transverse reinforcement Area
Av > 0.083(f'c)0.5 bvs/fy Article 5.8.2.5-1
Av = 289 mm2 < 1206 mm2

OK
(5)Maximum Spacing for Transverse Reinforcement
Shear Stress vu = (Vu)/φbvdv
47
vu= 0.93 N/sqmm
Ratio of applied factored shear to concrete compressive strength
vu / f'c 0.039
The spacing shall not exceed the max. permitted spacing smax,
determined as Article 5.8.2.7
1. if vu<0.125 f'c, then smax= 0.8dv < 600mm
2. if vu>0.125 f'c, then smax= 0.4dv < 300mm
as vu/f'c = 0.039 < 0.125 condition 1 apply
smax= 826 and s< 600 mm
provide s= 150 mm OK
48
TABLE: Element Forces - Frames
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType StepType P V2 V3 T M2 M3
Text m Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
354 0 COMB2 Combination Max 88.604 374.185 -20.442 306.9221 74.6263 204.4372
354 0.41494 COMB2 Combination Max 88.604 398.148 -20.442 306.9221 87.9019 66.6484
354 0.82988 COMB2 Combination Max 88.604 422.111 -20.442 306.9221 101.1775 -43.1984
354 0 COMB2 Combination Min 37.331 154.965 -35.281 85.7144 22.5154 79.0361
354 0.41494 COMB2 Combination Min 37.331 172.218 -35.281 85.7144 32.4448 -11.2906
355 0 COMB2 Combination Max 235.309 -436.035 79.938 794.7339 116.4428 222.366
355 0.17111 COMB2 Combination Max 235.309 -428.92 79.938 794.7339 118.2153 464.1439
355 0 COMB2 Combination Min 85.181 -1647.171 -24.342 411.6446 31.1458 -116.8062
355 0.17111 COMB2 Combination Min 85.181 -1637.289 -24.342 411.6446 19.9521 9.1558
356 0 COMB2 Combination Max 202.784 27.582 33.618 678.3479 95.9317 376.0205
356 0.41445 COMB2 Combination Max 202.784 44.815 33.618 678.3479 86.794 376.0599
356 0 COMB2 Combination Min 94.397 -166.784 8.916 321.9775 -2.7745 0.6763
356 0.41445 COMB2 Combination Min 94.397 -142.849 8.916 321.9775 -11.6188 46.1854
357 0 COMB2 Combination Min 76.993 -102.528 -63.907 193.5666 -97.0706 59.8017
357 0.5 COMB2 Combination Min 76.993 -73.652 -63.907 193.5666 -69.0136 76.0556
358 0 COMB2 Combination Max 169.825 205.503 -107.489 406.9379 -0.2327 228.9854
358 0.82071 COMB2 Combination Min 33.796 0.202 -164.866 122.555 -29.367 -49.487
359 0 COMB2 Combination Min -53.102 700.187 -219.736 101.3321 -69.699 -104.8484
359 0.46893 COMB2 Combination Min -53.102 719.686 -219.736 101.3321 5.3653 -762.6803
360 0 COMB2 Combination Max 167.103 -116.714 -23.728 719.4772 52.4198 14.8206
360 0.5 COMB2 Combination Max 167.103 -95.924 -23.728 719.4772 75.3904 93.7969
360 0 COMB2 Combination Min -16.48 -416.652 -58.396 284.3398 -81.4579 -320.8247
360 0.5 COMB2 Combination Min -16.48 -387.776 -58.396 284.3398 -64.3436 -151.795
361 0 COMB2 Combination Max 114.142 -19.101 -107.781 535.6413 -2.8406 119.976
361 0.53034 COMB2 Combination Min -69.243 -327.797 -174.254 163.8029 -119.9221 37.0127
361 1.59102 COMB2 Combination Min -69.243 -266.54 -174.254 163.8029 12.5432 57.0943
362 0 COMB2 Combination Min -246.156 554.141 -266.243 110.3423 -198.674 117.6836
362 0.55449 COMB2 Combination Min -246.156 577.197 -266.243 110.3423 -79.2274 -417.1038
363 0 COMB2 Combination Max 6.363 -237.568 -21.665 693.4149 102.5014 -71.8511
363 1 COMB2 Combination Min -239.948 -557.206 -78.652 303.9311 -68.8676 8.3609
364 0 COMB2 Combination Max -13.176 -165.268 -84.626 546.2701 72.417 169.2449
364 0.47549 COMB2 Combination Max -13.176 -145.497 -84.626 546.2701 135.051 387.2332
365 0 COMB2 Combination Max -104.883 857.583 -98.058 464.794 40.6944 532.1825
365 0.5 COMB2 Combination Max -104.883 886.459 -98.058 464.794 131.0709 178.7941
365 1 COMB2 Combination Max -104.883 915.335 -98.058 464.794 231.4576 -109.2521
49
366 0.37451 COMB2 Combination Max -199.539 1249.241 -160.213 536.0169 158.9868 -255.2465
367 0 COMB2 Combination Max -136.325 -317.857 22.288 582.0343 166.0807 -92.6652
367 0.43698 COMB2 Combination Max -136.325 -299.686 22.288 582.0343 163.4774 131.8761
368 0.5 COMB2 Combination Min -353.561 172.284 -78.384 45.4257 -20.707 73.2285
370 0 COMB2 Combination Min -274.765 -1402.372 83.214 261.398 63.9556 -609.5996
370 0.33545 COMB2 Combination Min -274.765 -1382.999 83.214 261.398 33.0816 -218.7348
370 0.67089 COMB2 Combination Min -274.765 -1363.627 83.214 261.398 -6.7871 130.4521
371 0 COMB2 Combination Max -57.637 93.264 161.5 368.7895 214.7896 306.7866
371 0.59888 COMB2 Combination Max -57.637 118.167 161.5 368.7895 120.9178 249.1279
371 0 COMB2 Combination Min -92.071 -4.969 115.28 225.2037 141.6908 127.9942
371 0.59888 COMB2 Combination Min -92.071 29.618 115.28 225.2037 69.9276 114.9604
371 1.19777 COMB2 Combination Min -92.071 59.117 115.28 225.2037 -1.8355 87.013
Max 235.309 1688.124 218.874 794.734 274.9412 664.0748
Min -449.36 -1647.17 -289.14 13.9442 -202.829 -1272.268
50
TABLE: Element Forces - Frames
Frame Station OutputCase CaseType StepType P V2 V3 T M2 M3
Text m Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
354 0 COMB1 Combination Min 31.347 156.267 -22.823 97.4111 17.873 78.7717
355 0 COMB1 Combination Max 171.537 -581.774 52.762 499.589 79.5117 191.936
355 0.17111 COMB1 Combination Max 171.537 -573.869 52.762 499.589 79.2951 358.5704
355 0 COMB1 Combination Min 60.803 -1173.101 -12.324 357.5947 30.9796 -118.1377
355 0.17111 COMB1 Combination Min 60.803 -1165.195 -12.324 357.5947 24.3294 21.4297
356 0 COMB1 Combination Max 145.073 9.835 24.014 419.4188 69.2009 298.7585
356 0 COMB1 Combination Min 81.905 -139.896 10.117 288.7178 10.0514 9.5116
356 0.41445 COMB1 Combination Min 81.905 -120.748 10.117 288.7178 3.4138 57.1774
358 0.82071 COMB1 Combination Min 39.863 12.034 -104.196 129.1 -6.7285 -11.8695
360 0 COMB1 Combination Max 132.163 -138.946 -18.675 435.65 39.0976 -6.2827
361 0 COMB1 Combination Max 103.636 -58.094 -90.805 302.5549 -12.8429 100.0716
363 0 COMB1 Combination Max -2.603 -266.378 -21.405 405.7587 48.3927 -114.0123
365 1 COMB1 Combination Min -247.536 417.442 -134.407 64.5518 4.909 -313.0106
51
366 0 COMB1 Combination Max -192.651 908.483 -141.287 336.157 -7.209 -20.076
368 0.5 COMB1 Combination Min -240.469 204.817 -49.994 82.5166 -5.3421 93.0876
368 1 COMB1 Combination Min -240.469 227.917 -49.994 82.5166 7.2833 -81.447
369 0 COMB1 Combination Max -220.732 716.707 -84.466 341.4105 -23.7107 118.4082
370 0 COMB1 Combination Min -197.006 -969.034 77.159 229.8035 68.5777 -425.8243
370 0.33545 COMB1 Combination Min -197.006 -953.535 77.159 229.8035 38.2703 -148.1893
370 0.67089 COMB1 Combination Min -197.006 -938.037 77.159 229.8035 1.0392 122.3487
371 0 COMB1 Combination Max -57.858 47.596 103.729 242.3081 127.1441 208.5187
371 0 COMB1 Combination Min -66.536 -3.073 100.762 186.6667 120.5374 107.3244
371 0.59888 COMB1 Combination Min -66.536 24.597 100.762 186.6667 59.1353 100.8792
371 1.19777 COMB1 Combination Min -66.536 52.266 100.762 186.6667 -2.2668 77.8634
Max 171.537 1210.863 144.204 499.589 161.3501 482.9222
Min -310.96 -1173.1 -189.12 64.5518 -132.291 -962.586
52
10 MINIMUM SUPPORT LENGTH
Minimum Support Length
Length of the bridge deck to the adjacent expansion

joint(ft) L= 30 m
98.424 ft
H=for abutments, average height of columns

supporting the bridge deck from the abutment
to the next expansion joint(ft)
for columns and/or piers, column, or pier height(ft)
for hinges within a span, average height of the
adjacent two columns or piers(ft)
for single-span
bridges(H=0)
H= 0 m
0 ft
Skew of support measured from line normal to span (°) S= 30 °
The empirical support length shall be taken as:
(LRFD 2012, A
N=(8+0.02L+0.08H)(1+0.000125S^2) 0.28 m 4.7.4.4)
The greater of the maximum displacement calculated in 0 m

accordance with the provisions of Article 4.7.4.3
The max support length 0.28 m
Provide support length 1.26 m OK
53
11 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT PILE
Design Load
Design Load on pile at NSL level is 220tonns

Test Load is 220*2.0=440 tonns
Ultmate load is 300 tonns
54
CSiBridge 2014 10/7/16 16:48:26
CSiBridge 2014 v16.1.0 - File:PAK-30m120d - Longitudinal Rebar (Percentage) (ACI 318-11) - KN, m, C Units
As per image the maximum provided steel is 1.19%
Area of pier =1130973mm2
Area needed=1130973*1.19%=13459mm2
Number of bars needed =13459/(Area of 25Dia bar)
=13459/490
=28Bars
56
12 APPROACH SLAB DESIGN
Approach Slab Design
Geometry
Grids of Approach slab, as per construction joint in the slab:
Total width of the approach slab is 6m. The approach slab is modelled at 0 skew. Steel will
be adjusted accordingly for skew greater than 15 degrees.
Following is the grid of approach slab.
57
Live Load and design lanes
Three types of live loads are defined.
1) Class A
2) Class AA
3) HL93K and HL93M
Total design lanes are 4 with width of 4.08 m each.
Each color displays one lane.
Soil Springs
The soil compression springs are applied with value of 575 psi.
The lanes are shown as following:
Load combinations are taken from AASHTO as mentioned in design criteria. St 1 and St 3 are used.
Impact factors
1) Class AA……. 10 percent

2) Class A……… 8 percent
3) HL 93………. 33 percent
Construction Joint
The slab is 300 mm thick and modelled as thick shell. Divided at grid with edge constraints so that
construction joint can be taken into account.
Analysis Results
1. Shell Forces
For Combination Envelope
Max Moment in long Direction = 9.42 kft
Max Moment in transverse Direction = 15.2 kft
2. Allowable Settlement
Contour of settlement is set to be minimum -25 mm with value in purple. Blue shows all settlement
is less than 25 mm.
Design
Design Moments
9.42 long, 15.2 trans
Rebar
Effective depth of slab = 300 – 50 – 16*1.5 (assumed dia 16 bars in both directions)
d = 225 mm = 9 in
Mu long = 9.42 kip-ft
As = 9.42/3.84/9 = .27 in2/ft ------------- Dia 13 @ 175 mmc/c

Mu trans = 15.2 kip-ft
As = 15.2/3.84/9 = .44 in2/ft ------------- Dia 16 @ 150 mmc/c

Minimum Steel
= .002 * 12 * 12 = .29 in2/ft ------------ Dia 13 @ 200 mm c/c
Punching Shear Check
Concrete Strength = 3000 psi
bo = 42.708 in bo = 4*SQRT(Ac) (assumed shear perimeter)
fv actual = 11.48 psi fv(actual) = P/(t*(bo+4*t))
fv allowed = 133.1 psi Fv(allow) = 0.27*MR, MR = modulus of rapture.
Punching Shear check is okay.

SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT FOR K456+209 SHORT BRIDGE

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SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT FOR K456+209 SHORT BRIDGE

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NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY

SUB STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT

PESHAWAR-KARACHI MOTORWAY (PKM)

Section 1-3 K387+000~K408+000 20.996

Section 2-3 K448+000~K455+000 7

2-7 K488+000~ K491+150.527 3.151

3-1 K490+981.670~K505+000 14.018

Section 5-2 K613+000~K619+000 6

Section 7-1 K716+000~K745+000 29

30m Bridge over Road

China State Consultants Engineering Corportation

China State Consultants Engineering Corportation

3.1 DESIGN LIFE OF BRIDGES

3.2 CODES OF PRACTICES

• WEST PAKISTAN HIGHWAY CODE OF PRACTICE, HIGHWAY BRIDGES (1967)

• BUILDING CODE REQUIRMENT FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318-08)

3.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Piles,Pile Caps,Pier Shaft,Abutment Shaft 28 MPa (4000 Psi)

Reinforced Concrete 24 KN/m3 (150 Pcf) AASHTO Table 3.5.1-1

3.4.2 Dead Weight Wearing Course (DW)

3.4.3 Live Loads (LL)

B) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 6th Edition (2012)

Specifications of design truck (A3.6.1.2.2)

3.4.5 Wind Loads (WS) and (WL)

3.4.6 Seismic Loads (EQ)

Wind on substructure to be taken as base pressure of 40 psf.

3.4.7 Longitudinal Loads/Braking Force (BR)

From WPCPHB, Section 2.10, whichever produce maximum force.

• 30 percent of weight of vehicle Class A;

• 15 percent of weight of military vehicle Class AA.

From AASHTO 3.6.4, braking force shall be taken as the greater of :

3.4.8 Earth Pressure (EV and EH)

3.4.9 Surcharge Load (LS)

Top (Main Reinforcement) 40 mm

3.7 PILE CAPACITY

3.8 SEISMIC ZONE

Thickness of deck slab 225 mm

Depth of abutment transom 1150 mm

Width of abutment transom 1950 mm

Diameter of pile 1200 mm

4.2 EXPANSION JOINT

Linear Thermal Coefficient (LRFD 2012, A

Deck Length L= 45 m DecK Length is

Per expansion joint

Provide expansion joint 25 mm OK

4.4 BEARING PADS

• CSI BRIDGE 2014

4.5.1 Super Structure

4.5.2 Sub Structure

PILE LENGTH MENTIONED HERE ARE NOT

6.1 BREAKING FORCE

Deck Slab Thickness 225 mm

C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm

Depth of Girder 2000 mm

Total Truck train load on Abutment (one lane) 544 Kn

Longitudinal Force (30% of Class A load) 489.6 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC

Total Tank load on Abutment 700 Kn

Longitudinal Force (15% of Class AA load) 105 Kn Article 2-10, WPHC

Governing Longitudinal Force 244.8 Kn

Vertical loading due to Longitudinal Moment 6 Kn

Deck Slab Thickness 225 mm

C/l above deck (6ft) 1828.8 mm

fv actual = 11.48 psi fv(actual) = P/(t(bo+4t))