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Application Of Resistivity Method Wenner Configuration For Interpreting the

Spread Of Rock Archaeological Sites Gambar Wetan Temple District Blitar

Conference Paper · February 2015

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Proceeding of The 5th Annual Basic Science International Conference
Received, , Accepted, , Published online, .

Application Of Resistivity Method Wenner Configuration

For Interpreting the Spread Of Rock Archaeological Sites
Gambar Wetan Temple District Blitar

* Agussalim1, Eko Minarto2

1,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITS Surabaya, Indonesian
2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITS Surabaya, Indonesian
email- agussalim12@mhs.physics.its.ac.id

Abstract – This study is aimed to determine the subsurface structure around the area Gambar Wetan temple using
resistivity method. Resistivity method is one of the geophysical methods utilizing the electrical properties of layers of
rocks and minerals of the earth that are able to be detected in surface. One type of geoelectric methods is geoelectric
resistivity method. The objected of this research is to recognize the spread and depth of rock appointing up the temple
on Gambar Wetan temple sites and also as an information source for archaeological discovery of ancient objects buried
in the ground. Resistivity values used to determine the constituent rock temple is the resistivity value andesite. Data
processing used RES2DINV software version 3.4 to display the data inversion models. Resistivity inversion results
obtained are very high value on the sites Gambar Wetan temple that is very large resistivity anomaly on track 3 which
has a resistivity range 10.805-160.000 Ωm as andesite rock constituent allegedly part of the temple buried by the
eruption of Mount Kelud. Anomalous resistivity value is very low compared to the five tracks are, on track 5 which has
a range of 1.779 to 7.000 Ωm resistivity as andesite. Spreading rock temple with a large dimension are on the path
toward the 5th page of the temple toward the east to Gambar Wetan interpreted as a constituent part of the location of
the main temple building.

Keywords: geolistrik resistivity, wenner configuration, res2div.

1. INTRODUCTION
The building of the temple as part of the cultural life and witness history in the past wisdom is found in many
areas of Java and Bali. The temple can be arch-shaped building roofed and not roofed. The historic building is
basically contain cultural and religious values. As an example, namely the temple of Borobudur, Prambanan and
several other major temples. The government in this case the BPCP Trowulan Mojokerto working in the field of
undertaking various efforts to locate the site of the temple. Conservation efforts in the form of restoration
without wasting historical values such as Borobudur temple, Plaosan, Prambanan and so on. Many historical
relics such as temples that have been found. There are a lot of other temple sites that have not been discovered.

Excavation process of Gambar Wetan temple have a wide variety of constraints in terms of excavation at the site
which is hard, difficult research conditions in the determination dig box, so it is necessary to other disciplines to
estimate the distribution of rocks making up these ancient objects. Most of the area around the Gambar Wetan
temple is an igneous rock andesite. Efforts to rescue the site must first pay attention to important issues related to
the effectiveness and efficiency, the lack of information about the existence of the distribution of rock making up
the temple buried in the soil is the basis of this research needs to be done. One role of geophysics is to estimate
the spread of archaeological objects that are still hidden. Therefore, it needs to be measured by the method of
mapping subsurface around the suspected area are the remaining buildings of the temple so that the excavation
process can be carried out without causing damage and obtained significant results and efficient. Temple site
Gambar Wetan an object studied using resistivity method. In this context, the geophysical methods can help
determine the presence and distribution of stone temples that are still hidden based on differences in physical
properties of rocks making up the temple of the surrounding sandstone. Utilization of the method is expected to
improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the excavation and restoration efforts of a temple.

Application method of geoelectric resistivity has come to the field of archeology, archaeological objects in
location tracking discovery becomes easier and efficient with resisitivitas method. Resistivity method is one of
the geoelectric method that can be used to track the presence of archaeological sites in the past so that the
excavation process does not take a lot of cost and time. This method illustrates the difference in the value of the
resistivity of the target rock with environment.
2. METHODS
2.1 Research Location

The research was implemented in the temple Image Wetan, Sumberasri Village, District Nglegok, Blitar, East Java.
Geographically, the study area is located at S070 58,084’ E1120 14,289 until S070 58,080’ E1120 14,351. When the
study is on 20-23 December 2014. The equipment used in this experiment is set Geolistrik resistivity consisting of
Geolistrik Digital, Cable roll 4 pieces, some iron stakes and ruler 100 m. Location of the study described in the program
GoogleEart as shown in figure (1) the following:

Figure 1 (Regional Research Sites of Gambar Wetan Temple)

2.2 Procedures
Stages of data acquisition is done by the method of Wenner configuration. The principle is to provide a voltage to the
electrodes P1 and P2, causing current to C1 and C2 so voltage and current applied, the resistance value will be obtained.
The ratio of the distance between the electrodes, the schematic position and measurements of voltage and current at the
electrode for Wenner configuration can be seen in the figure (3) below:

Figure 2 (Schematic Arrangement Wenner Electrode Configuration)

Apparent resistivity values obtained at the data collection stage. Therefore, it remains to be processed to become actual
resistivity values (true resistivity). Software used to change the apparent resistivity values into actual resistivity values
are RES2DINV software. Stages of data processing are as follows:
1. The calculation of the geometry factor (K) refers to the equation,
K w  2a
2. The calculation of the resistivity (ρ) of the measurement refers to the equation,
V
s  K
I
3. Change the measurement data format (Excel format into a format Notepad) in accordance with the applicable
procedures.
4. Inversion with RES2DINV software to obtain subsurface resistivity contour.

Field measurement data obtained serve as input to the software RES2DINV. The content contained in the subsurface
structure of the diinterpretsikan based color image depicting the resistivity distribution in the subsurface. The process of
data interpretation is done by looking at the characteristics of resistivity obtained from the modeling of software
RES2DINV based on a conversion table resistivity value of some types of rock. To support the interpretation that the
maximum resistivity data processing results correlated with data from excavation excavations at the site of the research
that has been done before.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data inversion results using software RES2DINV get contour display two-dimensional resistivity of the subsurface
soil layer structure in the study area. Based on data processing using software version 3.4 RES2DINV obtained display
several variables: path length (m), the range of depth (m) and the value of the resistivity of materials / rock (Ωm) are
distinguished by different color for each type of material material / rock contained below the surface. Results inversion
of the 5 track is described as follows:

Figure 3 (Contour Resistivity Inversion Model On Track 1)

Figure 4 (Contour Resistivity Inversion Model On Track 2)

Figure 5 (Contour Resistivity Inversion Model On Track 3)

Figure 6 (Contour Resistivity Inversion Model On Track 4)

Figure 7 (Contour Resistivity Inversion Model On Track 5

 Based on the results of data processing and matching of two-dimensional cross section is interpreted that the Based on
the results of data processing and matching of two-dimensional cross section is interpreted that the identification of the
distribution of rock making up the temple Wetan Pictures are very large resistivity anomaly big on track 3 which has a
resistivity range 10.805-160. 000 Ωm (andesite) suspected archaeological objects as constituent rock temple buried due
to the eruption Kelud. Very low resistivity anomaly compared from the fifth track is on track 5 which has a range of
1.779 to 7.000 Ωm resistivity (andesite). Resistivity anomaly is imaged in red and purple. This is consistent with the
theory that andesite has a higher resistivity value with its environment, approximately 170 to 450,000 Ωm. (Telford and
Sheriff, 1990). Team Heritage Preservation Hall East Java stated that the eastward that location is the main building of
the temple by the exposure and outcome initial excavation at the site of the temple Gambar Wetan.

Apparent resistivity is influenced by the type of rock that is under the surface. If the rock is hollow so small resistivity
value, whereas if the rock is more compact then the resistivity value will be greater. More compact rock will be more
difficult than the current drain rock hollow. Resistivity with depth can not be obtained directly relationships, because
they depend on the type of rock that contained beneath its surface. The relationship between a distance or the distance
between the electrodes of the depth can be seen in the results of the above inversion. From these results can be taken the
interpretation that the spacing a, the depth of which can be measured even deeper. Depth obtained is influenced by the
geometry factor, for Wenner configuration value geometry factor worth 2  a.

4. CONCLUSIONS

From the data analysis and discussion of conclusions can be drawn as follows, Prediction of rock making up the temple
can be influenced by processes at the surface. Process water content, temperature, porosity, which has a major influence
on the resistivity value in estimating andesite as a constituent constituent temple. Spread the rock temple with a large
dimension contained in the direction of the track 5 to the east of the temple courtyard Gambar Wetan interpreted as
constituent parts of the location of the main temple building.

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