Major Design of Experiment (DoE) Experience Information

CE 402 Fluid Mechanics

1st Semester, SY 2018-2019

Ledesma, Josemarie R.
Group Members Llarenas, Krystal Claire R.
Tamayo III, Andres A.
Determination of Buoyancy Force of Wood Using Different Types
DoE Title of Liquid (Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing
Liquid)
This DoE aims to:
Experimental 1) Measure the buoyant force on a number of fluids.
Design Objectives 2) Understand the concept/principles in Archimedes’ Principle.
3) Fully verse in using the equipment in doing this experiment.
Input Factors Commented [Office1]: Independent Variables
Length The length that is being used is 14 inches.
Diameter The diameter that is being used is 2.28 inches
Dimension of Wood The dimensions are 38mm, 35.5mm, 46mm.
Weight of Wood The weight of wood is 0.25506kg
Output Responses Commented [Office2]: Dependent Variables
FBUOYANCY Water = 0.3937kN, Oil = 0.3302kN, Dish soap = 0.3669kN,
Tomato Sauce = 0.3398kN
Design Statistics Commented [Office3]: The team MUST be creative and
critical in thinking possible Statistical-Based Methodologies
Force Measurement Force Measurement method (by weight) was carried out to determine that they can applied to their present DoE Project
method (by Weight) the mass of the wood and with the fluid. Further that it is also to
determine the buoyant force that applied in the weight of the object in
air and the weight in fluid and we found out that in force measurement
method the weight of the block of wood when submerged to the
different fluid is 2.1084 and when it is in the air has different weight
Displacement Displacement Method (by Volume) was carried out to determine the
Method (by measure of the amount of space when block of wood takes up and by
Volume) the Displacement Method it can find the volume of the fluid pushed
out of the way and we found out that in Displacement Method the
density of the different liquid is has a large discrepancy. The different
liquid has a 9.3628x10^-4 of initial volume and the final volume of
the different fluids has a different amount.
Buoyant force Buoyant force equation method was carried out to determine the
equation method buoyant force of the different fluid by the use of eq1. And we found
out that in Buoyant Force equation method the volume of the water
and dishwashing soap is 4.0127x10^-5 it is higher than the oil and
tomato sauce

Design of Experiment (DoE)

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Determination of Buoyancy Force of Wood Using Different Types of Liquid
(Vegetable Oil Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid) Commented [Office4]: Max. of 15 words, Limited to two
lines.

Ledesma, Josemarie R.
Llarenas, Krystal Claire R.
Tamayo III, Andres A.

Technological Institute of the Philippines

Cubao, Quezon City

October 2018

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID( VEGETABLE OIL
WATER, TOMATO SAUCE AND DISHWASHING LIQUID)
CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................III
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................................................III
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................................... VI
I. GENERAL BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................1
II. DESIGN EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................2
III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM ..............................................................................................................................2
IV. PROCEDURE (TESTING STANDARDS IF APPLICABLE)..................................................................................4
V. DESIGN STATISTICS ..........................................................................................................................................5
VI. DISCUSSIONS .....................................................................................................................................................7
VII. CONCLUSION AND GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................................................7
VIII. REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................................................8

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.1 1 Liter Dishwashing Liquid Fig.2 Graduated cylinder

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Fig. 3 over flow container Fig. 4 Pipette

Fig.5 Rod and Clamp Fig. 6 Ruler

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 Fig. 7 String Fig. 8 1 Liter Tomato sauce

Fig. 9 Triple beam balance Fig.10 1 Liter Vegetable Oil

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 Fig. 11 Vernier caliper Fig.12 Water

Fig. 13 Wood cylinder/ block

LIST OF TABLES
Force Measurement method (by weight)

FLUID FA FB FBUOYANCY

WATER 2.5021 2.1084 0.3937KN

OIL 2.5021 2.1719 0.3302 KN

DISHSOAP 2.5021 2.1352 0.3669 KN

TOMATO SAUCE 2.5021 2.1623 0.3398 KN

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Displacement Method (by Volume)

FLUID DENSITY Vi Vf GRAVITY FBUOYANCY

WATER 1000 9.3628x10^-4 9.7641x10^-4 9.81 0.3937KN

OIL 915 9.3628x10^-4 9.7307x10^-4 9.81 0.3302 KN

DISHSOAP 932 9.3628x10^-4 9.7641x10^-4 9.81 0.3669 KN

TOMATO 1035.55 9.3628x10^-4 9.6973x10^-4 9.81 0.3398 KN

SAUCE
Buoyant force equation method (by Displacement)

FLUID DENSITY V GRAVITY FBUOYANCY

WATER 1000 4.0127x10^-5 9.81 0.3936

OIL 915 3.6783x10^-5 9.81 0.3302

DISHSOAP 932 4.0127x10^-5 9.81 0.3669

TOMATO 1035.55 3.3439x10^-5 9.81 0.3397

SAUCE

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

I. GENERAL BACKGROUND

More than years ago, a scientist named Archimedes sat down in his bath and figured out
that when an object is placed in water, water moves out of the way it gets displaced.
Buoyant force is what we saw why the block of wood is not sinking. Wood has a weight
that less than the amount of water it displaces water. The strength of this upward acting
force exerted by water is equal to the weight of the water that is displaced. So, if a block
of wood displaces just a little bit of fluid, the weight of that small amount of fluid is small,
and so the buoyant force is small too. If on the other hand, the block of wood displaces a
lot of water, then there will be a large buoyant force pushing upward. Whether a block of
wood sinks or floats depends on its density and the amount of water it displaces to create
a strong enough buoyant force. Other fluid with less density exerts less buoyant force as
compared to water with higher density, and denser the liquid greater the up thrust.
Buoyancy is an upward force excepted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed
object the buoyant force is important when you are trying to understand why something
object while other sinks. It was conducted in little experiment the researchers find a
swimming pool & somebody jumps on it the person who jumps on it experienced that while
on under water, it easy to lift the entire weight of the body, you can do flips & jumps. And
that’s because of the Buoyant force w/o is the upward force of the liquid makes object
float/lift easily. The pressure on bottom part is greater than top. The pressure increases in
depth, it creates net upward force on the object so object buoyed upward & gained gravity.
In the experiment that will be going to conduct, the researches will determine the specific
buoyant force of a wood submerge in different types of liquid.

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

II. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OBJECTIVES

This DoE aims to:

1) Measure the buoyant force on a number of fluids.
2) Understand the concept/principles in Archimedes’ Principle.
3) Fully verse in using the equipment in doing this experiment.

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

a. FRAMEWORK Commented [Office5]: Diagram representing the

Experimental Program
After stating the problem to be answered by the researchers at the end of the experiment, this
section hereby enumerated, respectively, the hypothesis or prediction made by the researches
before the experiment proper.
1. The researcher hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between the Buoyancy
Force of wood and the liquid.

2. There is a significant relationship between the result of the density of wood on the fluid
and the density of the fluids.

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

b. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS

The assumption of the experiment are:

1. The experiment will be conducted in the hydraulic laboratory in the TIP QC.

2. The different liquid that will use in the buoyancy experiment are water, vegetable oil,
tomato sauce and dishwashing liquid.

3. The wood that will be use is based on experiment that will conducted.

The limitation of the study that will be conducted are:

1. The researchers will calculate the buoyant force through Archimedes principle
Formula𝐹𝑏 = 𝑝𝑉𝑔.

2. There will be no specific height requirement on different fluid placed on graduated cylinder
in the experiment.

3. The researchers will only determine the buoyant force of wood in dishwashing liquid,
water, oil, and tomato sauce.

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

IV. PROCEDURE (Testing Standards if applicable)

Force Measurement method (by weight)

1. Measure the mass of the Wood in air and calculate its weight. Label this weight in air𝐹𝐴 .

2. Partially fill the container with the desired fluid.

3. Suspend the wood by a string attached to a rod.

4. Submerge the wood smoothly and make sure the wood does not touch any corners of the
container.

5. Measure the mass while it is submerged and calculate its weight. Label this weight in fluid
as𝐹𝐵 .

6. The difference between the object’s weight in air and its weight in fluid is the buoyant
force on the object:

Buoyant Force = 𝐹𝐴 − 𝐹𝐵
7. Repeat the steps above for other liquid.

Displacement Method (by Volume)

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

1. Partially fill the graduated cylinder with desired fluid. Record this initial volume, 𝑉𝑖 .

2. Smoothly immerse one of the metal cylinders into the fluid. Record the new fluid level, 𝑉𝑓 .
Calculate the change in volume. This is the volume of displaced fluid.

3. Calculate the density of the fluid.

4. Calculate the weight of displaced Fluid, Buoyant force, using Eq-1 (ρwater =1000 kg/m3).

5. Compare the result.

6. Repeat the steps above for other fluid.

Buoyant force equation method

1. Find the volume of the container.

2. Find the density of the fluid.

Using these volume, density and gravity. Calculate the respective buoyant force using Eq1.

V. DESIGN STATISTICS

a. ANALYSIS

As the researchers can see in the data gathered during this design experiment the process used in
comparing the three methods:
 By weight
The weight of the block of wood when it is submerged in liquid the weight will become
lower compared when it’s in air.

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

 By Displacement/Volume Method
The lower the density of a liquid, the displaced liquid is also lower. Unexpectedly,
the tomato sauce had the highest density and low displaced liquid, based on the
researcher analysis the cause is the solid particles that may have mixed in tomato
sauce

b. INTERPRETATION

Buoyancy
0.4

0.38

0.36

0.34

0.32

0.3

0.28
Water Oil Dish Soap Tomato Sauce

By Weight By Displacement By Equation

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

VI. DISCUSSIONS

By doing this research we conclude that the density affects the buoyancy force on a solid object when
submerged in a certain liquid. The data that we have gathered have different results especially the tomato
sauce that we didn’t expect to have a low buoyancy force despite having a high density. We compare it to
other research and we notice that the temperature of the environment affects the buoyancy force of the solid
object like what happened to the tomato sauce. It is important to do this research not on ly because it is part
of our profession but also some variation can happen that hasn’t been discovered yet.

VII. CONCLUSION AND GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

When you place an object inside a liquid, the liquid pushes the object upwards. Thus, an object
inside a liquid experiences a force directed straight upwards, opposite to the direction of gravity,
called Buoyancy. Furthermore, when you place an object inside a liquid the object may take one
of the following three positions. Float on the surface of the liquid, Float within the liquid, Sink to
the bottom of the liquid.
We’ve used vegetable oil, tomato sauce, water and dishwashing liquid. Calculations can easily be
accomplished to find a material’s density when given the mass and volume to predict whether an
object will sink or float in water. More importantly, however, we have used the scientific method
to design our own experiment to learn that density is a characteristic physical property that is used
to accomplish a variety of tasks and explain numerous natural phenomena.
Before start doing the experiment make sure that the equipment must be dry and clean the water
level that you put in the graduated cylinder is flat by using the pipette. It is important to review the
experiment before doing the actual test to familiarize with the procedure. And when taking the

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

reading at the cylinder the eye of the observer must be parallel to the water meniscus to avoid
parallax error and must avoid any leakage of liquid in the instrument can make an error.

VIII. REFERENCES

BOOKS
"Buoyancy | Encyclopedia.com." Encyclopedia.com | Free Online Encyclopedia. Web.
<http://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/buoyancy>.
"Archimedes’ principle | Description & Facts | Britannica.com." Encyclopedia Britannica |
Britannica.com. Web. <http://www.britannica.com/science/Archimedes-principle>.
WEBSITES
Archimedes, . (n.d.). What does buoyant force mean?. Retrieved from
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/buoyant-force-and-archimedes-
principle/a/buoyant-force-and-archimedes-principle-article
"Buoyant Forces." Randy Kobe, University of Winnipeg . Web.
<http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/physics/fluids/node10.html>.

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

"Buoyancy - Wikipedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web.

<http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy>.
"(PDF) a downward buoyant force experiment." ResearchGate | Share and discover
research. Web.
<http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273108528_A_downward_buoyant_force_experiment
>.
Mr. Bickford's Main Page - Web. <http://www.bickfordscience.com/04-
Density_and_Buoyancy/PDF/Book-ch4.pdf>.
"What is buoyant force? | Fluids |Khan Academy." Khan Academy | Free Online Courses, Lessons
& Practice. Web. <http://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/buoyant-force-and-
archimedes-principle/a/buoyant-force-and-archimedes-principle-article>.
"Archimedes' Principle Lab | Study.com." Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit.
Research Schools, Degrees & Careers. Web. <http://study.com/academy/lesson/archimedes-
principle-lab.html>.
(n.d.). SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online. A downward buoyant force
experiment. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-
11172014000200009
"If wood is inherently buoyant in water, why do wooden ships sink? - Quora." Quora - A place to
share knowledge and better understand the world. Web. <http://www.quora.com/If-wood-is-
inherently-buoyant-in-water-why-do-wooden-ships-sink>.
"How does oil affect the buoyant force of a block of wood versus water? | Physics
Forums." Physics Forums | Science Articles, Homework Help, Discussion. Web.
<http://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-does-oil-affect-the-buoyant-force-of-a-block-of-
wood-versus-water.709298/>.
"Archimedes’ principle | Description & Facts | Britannica.com." Encyclopedia Britannica |
Britannica.com. Web. <http://www.britannica.com/science/Archimedes-principle>.
Home | Boston University Physics. Web.
<http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/ns542_spring2011_notes02/NS542_online1.pdf>.
"Buoyancy Problem Solutions." Free Mobile Website Templates Designs - w3layouts.com. Web.
<http://physics.highpoint.edu/~jregester/potl/Matter/Buoyancy/BuoyancyProbSolns.htm>.

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 DETERMINATION OF BUOYANCY FORCE OF WOOD USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIQUID
(Vegetable Oil, Water, Tomato Sauce and Dishwashing Liquid)

"Why does an object experience the same buoyant force when floating in fluids of different
densities? - Quora." Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world. Web.
<http://www.quora.com/Why-does-an-object-experience-the-same-buoyant-force-when-floating-
in-fluids-of-different-densities>.
"Literature Review - Float or Sink?." Google Sites. Web.
<http://sites.google.com/a/hanalani.org/karis-c/literature-review>.

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