Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE
NO
SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Introduction
2 Description of equipments
2.1 Spring
2.2 Electromagnet
3 Design and drawing
3.1 Machine Components
4 Working principle
5 Merits & demerits
6 Applications
7 List of materials
8 Cost Estimation
9 Conclusion
Bibliography
photography
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure TITLE
Number
1 Block diagram
2 Overall diagram
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS
INDRODUCTION
CHAPTER-1
INDRODUCTION
transport.
or traffic areas.
At present due to the extended difficulties in manual operations, the technology has
shifted from manual to automatic; few of them include ABS system, active steering
system etc., in order to increase passenger safety and comfort. In an environment
where movement, component and every assembly operation must be immediately and
automatically recorded, checked and documented for maximum efficiency. Gasoline
engines develop useful torque over a limited engine-speed range. To be able to use
thee available torque over the range of vehicle speed, gears are needed to reduce or
increase the engine speed accordingly. The conventional manual transmission uses a
driver-operated clutch, typically operated by a pedal or lever, for regulating torque
transfer from the internal combustion engine to the transmission, and a gear stick,
either operated by hand (as in a car) or by foot (as on a motorcycle). It enables the
driver to select any gear ratio ("gear") at any time. But in case of the motorcycles and
some types of racing cars, it only allows the driver to select the next-higher or next-
lower gear. This type of transmission is called a sequential manual transmission.
Sequential transmissions are used in auto racing for their ability to make quick shifts.
Modern commercial gearboxes are synchromesh type which use ratcheting drums and
shift forks to select different gears. An automatic gearbox is one type of motor vehicle
transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing
the driver from having to shift gears manually.
Most automatic
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER-II
DESCRIPTION OF EQUPMENTS
2.1. SPRING
Springs are placed between the road wheels and the vehicle body.
When the wheel comes across a bump on the road, it rises and
expending the stored energy. In this way the spring starts vibrating,
die down.
2.2 D.C ELECTROMAGNET:
INTRODUCTION:
twelve rounds per minute, and it was to fit existing 12.8 cm FlaK 40
mounts. It was never built. When details were discovered after the
war it aroused much interest and a more detailed study was
CONSTRUCTION:
combination with the current (I) across the projectile, this produces
a Lorentz force which accelerates the projectile along the .s. There
are also forces acting on the .s attempting to push them apart, but
since the .s are firmly mounted, they cannot move. The projectile
slides up the .s away from the end with the power supply.
MATERIALS
the force propelling the projectile. The seat of the recoil force is still
debated. The traditional equations predict that the recoil force acts
invokes Ampère's force law and asserts that it acts along the
the magnetic field, just as the projectile is. The .s need to survive
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
and these forces will tend to push them apart and away from the
HEAT DISSIPATION
leaving the device. The heat created by this friction itself can cause
irreparably damaged.
MATHEMATICAL FORMULA
(r), the distance between the counterpoints of the .s(d) and the
between the point where the force (F) is measured and the
have also been made; to describe the force more accurately, the
consideration.
. ELECTROMAGNET:
sea level) or more (for comparison, the M16 rifle has a muzzle
speed of 930 m/s, or 3,000 ft/s), which would make their kinetic
.Electromagnet have greater range, less bullet drop and less wind
drift, bypassing the inherent cost and physical limitations of
1.5 km/s and ranges of more than 50 miles [80 km] from a practical
ENERGY DISSIPATION
electrolytics).
In the circuit the magnetic field keeps the current in the coil
is similar to an LC oscillator.
energy.
different principles.
found so far.
Control unit
Electromagnet
Gear system
DRAWING
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DRAWING FOR BUTTON OPERATED ELECTROMAGENETIC
GEAR CHANGER FOR TWO WHEELER
CHAPTER -4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
CHAPTER-4
WORKING PRINCIPLE
on either side of the vehicle pedal rest for applying the gear. The
Electromagnet is fixed at the end of the flat pedal rest. The plate rest has
pivot at the center. The Electromagnet are operated with the help of
electric power supply and it is controlled by the control unit (nothing but
a switch). One of the Electromagnet is used to apply the gear and another
one for reducing the gears. The gears are applied on the vehicle
driver can change the vehicle just by pressing the button instead of
MERITS
DEMERITS
APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER-6
APPLICATIONS
transmission.
Time Study:
1 Project Selection 15 days
2 Block diagram planning 20 days
3 Auto cad drawing 20 days
4 Material Procurement 1 month
5 Machining of accessories 08 days
6 Fabrication of assembly 15 days
7 Trials & Troubleshooting 15 days
8 Testing 10 days
9 Electronic Circuit development& 20 days
Troubleshooting
10 Documentation 10 days
12 Conclusion 01 hour
CHAPTER-7
LIST OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER-7
LIST OF MATERIALS
MATERIALS
1. Properties:
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point,
purposes etc.
Cast ability
Weld ability
Surface properties
Shrinkage
3. Quality Required:
steel.
4. Availability of Material:
because the forces involved are high and space limitations are
there.
6. Cost:
of proper materials.
CHAPTER-8
COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER-8
COST ESTIMATION
1. LABOUR COST:
2. OVERGHEAD CHARGES:
3. TOTAL COST:
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER-9
CONCLUSION
Institute, Bangalore.