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CHAPTER 6

TIMEVARYINGFIELDSANDMAXWELLS'SEQUATIONS

SAMPLE CHAPTER
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342 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

EXERCISE 6.1

MCQ 6.1.1 Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below
(Notations have their usual meaning)
List-I List-II
a Ampere’s circuital law 1. d : D = ρv
d:B = 0

r
b Faraday’s law 2.
c Gauss’s law

pte
3. d # E =−2B
2t

d Non existence of isolated


magneticharge

C ha 4. d # H = J + 2D
2t
Codes :

(A) 4
a

pl
b
3
e c
2
d
1
(B)
(C) 2
(D) 4
4

S am 1
3
3
3
1
1
2
4
2
MCQ 6.1.2 Magneto static fields is caused by
(A) stationary charges (B) steady currents
(C) time varying currents (D) none of these

MCQ 6.1.3 Let A be magnetic vector potential and E be electric field intensity at certain time
in a time varying EM field. The correct relation between E and A is
(A) E =−2A (B) A =−2E
2t 2t
(C) E = 2A (D) A = 2E
2t 2t

MCQ 6.1.4 A closed surface S defines the boundary line of magnetic medium such that the
field intensity inside it is B . Total outward magnetic flux through the closed
surface will be
(A) B : S (B) 0
(C) B # S (D) none of these

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 343

MCQ 6.1.5 A perfect conducting sphere of radius r is such that it’s net charge resides on the
surface. At any time t , magnetic field B (r, t) inside the sphere will be
(A) 0
(B) uniform, independent of r
(C) uniform, independent of t
(D) uniform, independent of both r and t

MCQ 6.1.6 The total magnetic flux through a conducting loop having electric field E = 0
inside it will be
(A) 0
(B) constant
(C) varying with time only
(D) varying with time and area of the surface both

MCQ 6.1.7

ter
A cylindrical wire of a large cross section made of super conductor carries a current

(A) inside the wire


(C) to the surface of the wire
p
I . The current in the superconductor will be confined.

ha
(B) to the axis of cylindrical wire
(D) none of these

MCQ 6.1.8

l e C
If Bi denotes the magnetic flux density increasing with time and Bd denotes the

mp
magnetic flux density decreasing with time then which of the configuration is
correct for the induced current I in the stationary loop ?

S a

MCQ 6.1.9 A circular loop is rotating about z -axis in a magnetic field B = B 0 cos ωtay . The
total induced voltage in the loop is caused by
(A) Transformer emf (B) motion emf.
(C) Combination of (A) and (B) (D) none of these

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344 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.1.10 A small conducting loop is released from rest with in a vertical evacuated cylinder
voltage induced in the falling loop is
(Assume earth magnetic field = 10−6 T at a constant angle of 10c below the
horizontal)
(A) zero (B) 1 mV
(C) 17.34 mV (D) 9.8 mV

MCQ 6.1.11 A square loop of side 1 m is located in the plane x = 0 as shown in figure. A non-
uniform magnetic flux density through it is given as
B = 4z3 t2 ax ,
The emf induced in the loop at time t = 2 sec will be

ter
hap
l e C
(A) 16 volt
mp (B) − 4 volt

MCQ 6.1.12
(C) 4 volt

S a (D) − 2 volt

A very long straight wire carrying a current I = 5 A is placed at a distance of 2 m


from a square loop as shown in figure. If the side of the square loop is 1 m then the
total flux passing through the square loop will be

(A) 0.81 # 10−7 wb (B) 10−6 wb


(C) 4.05 # 10−7 wb (D) 2.0 # 10−7 wb

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 345

MCQ 6.1.13 A straight conductor ab of length l lying in the xy plane is rotating about the
centre a at an angular velocity ω as shown in the figure.

following statement is correct ?

ter
If a magnetic field B is present in the space directed along az then which of the

(A) Vab is positive


(C) Vba is positive

hap
(B) Vab is negative
(D) Vba is zero

MCQ 6.1.14

e C
In a certain region magnetic flux density is given as B = 0.1t az Wb/m2 . An electric
loop with resistance 2 Ω and 4 Ω is lying in x -y plane as shown in the figure.

l
mp
S a
If the area of the loop is 1 m2 than, the voltage drop V1 and V2 across the two
resistances is respectively
(A) 66.7 mV and 33.3 mV (B) 33.3 mV and 66.7 mV
(C) 50 mV and 100 mV (D) 100 mV and 50 mV

MCQ 6.1.15 Assertion (A) : A small piece of bar magnet takes several seconds to emerge at
bottom when it is dropped down a vertical aluminum pipe where as an identical
unmagnetized piece takes a fraction of second to reach the bottom.
Reason (R) : When the bar magnet is dropped inside a conducting pipe, force
exerted on the magnet by induced eddy current is in upward direction.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.

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346 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.1.16 A magnetic core of uniform cross section having two coils (Primary and secondary)
wound on it as shown in figure. The no. of turns of primary coil is 5000 and no. of
turns of secondary coil is 3000. If a voltage source of 12 volt is connected across the
primary coil then what will be the voltage across the secondary coil ?

(A) 72 volt (B) 7.2 volt


(C) 20 volt (D) − 7.2 volt

MCQ 6.1.17

ter
Self inductance of a long solenoid having n turns per unit length will be proportional
to
(A) n
(C) n2
hap
(B) 1/n
(D) 1/n2

MCQ 6.1.18

l e C
A wire with resistance R is looped on a solenoid as shown in figure.

mp
S a
If a constant current is flowing in the solenoid then the induced current flowing in
the loop with resistance R will be
(A) non uniform (B) constant
(C) zero (D) none of these

MCQ 6.1.19 A long straight wire carries a current I = I 0 cos (ωt). If the current returns along
a coaxial conducting tube of radius r as shown in figure then magnetic field and
electric field inside the tube will be respectively.

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 347

(A) radial, longitudinal (B) circumferential, longitudinal


(C) circumferential, radial (D) longitudinal, circumferential

MCQ 6.1.20 Assertion (A) : Two coils are wound around a cylindrical core such that the primary
coil has N1 turns and the secondary coils has N2 turns as shown in figure. If the
same flux passes through every turn of both coils then the ratio of emf induced in
the two coils is
Vemf 2 = N2
Vemf 1 N1

ter
hap
l e C
Reason (R) : In a primitive transformer, by choosing the appropriate no. of turns,
any desired secondary emf can be obtained.

mp
(A) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

S a
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.

MCQ 6.1.21 In a non magnetic medium electric field E = E 0 cos ωt is applied. If the permittivity
of medium is ε and the conductivity is σ then the ratio of the amplitudes of the
conduction current density and displacement current density will be
(A) μ0 /ωε (B) σ/ωε
(C) σμ0 /ωε (D) ωε/σ

MCQ 6.1.22 In a medium where no D.C. field is present, the conduction current density at
any point is given as Jd = 20 cos ^1.5 # 108 t h ay A/m2 . Electric flux density in the
medium will be
(A) 133.3 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay nC/m2 (B) 13.3 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay nC/m2
(C) 1.33 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay nC/m2 (D) − 1.33 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay nC/m2

MCQ 6.1.23 In a medium, the permittivity is a function of position such that dε . 0 . If the
ε
volume charge density inside the medium is zero then d : E is roughly equal to
(A) εE (B) − εE
(C) 0 (D) − dε : E

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348 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.1.24 A conducting medium has permittivity, ε = 4ε0 and conductivity, σ = 1.14 # 108 s/m
. What will be the ratio of magnitude of displacement current and conduction
current in the medium at 50 GHz ?
(A) 1.10 # 10 4 (B) 1.025 # 107
(C) 9.75 # 10−17 (D) 9.75 # 10−8

MCQ 6.1.25 In free space, the electric field intensity at any point (r, θ, φ) in spherical coordinate
system is given by
sin θ cos ^ωt − kr h
E = aθ
r
The phasor form of magnetic field intensity in the free space will be
(A) k sin θ e−jkr aφ (B) − k sin θ e−jkr aφ
ωμ0 r ωμ0 r
kωμ0 −jkr
(D) k sin θ e−jkr aφ
(C)
r
e aφ

ter
Magnetic field intensity in free space is given as
r

p
MCQ 6.1.26

ha
H = 0.1 cos ^15πy h sin ^6π # 109 t − bx h az A/m

(A) ! 46.5 rad/m

l C
It satisfies Maxwell’s equation when b equals to

e (B) ! 41.6 rad/m

mp
(C) ! 77.5 rad/m (D) ! 60.28 rad/m

S a ***********

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 349

EXERCISE 6.2

MCQ 6.2.1 Two parallel conducting rails are being placed at a separation of 2 m as shown in
figure. One end of the rail is being connected through a resistor R = 10 Ω and the
other end is kept open. A metal bar slides frictionlessly on the rails at a speed of
5 m/s away from the resistor. If the magnetic flux density B = 0.1 Wb/m2 pointing
out of the page fills entire region then the current I flowing in the resistor will be
(B) − 0.01 A

r
(A) 0.01 A
(C) 1 A

pte
(D) − 0.1 A

C ha
pl e
S am
Common Data for Question 2 - 3 :
A conducting wire is formed into a square loop of side 2 m. A very long straight
wire carrying a current I = 30 A is located at a distance 3 m from the square loop
as shown in figure.

MCQ 6.2.2 If the loop is pulled away from the straight wire at a velocity of 5 m/s then the
induced e.m.f. in the loop after 0.6 sec will be
(A) 5 μvolt (B) 2.5 μvolt
(C) 25 μvolt (D) 5 mvolt

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350 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.2.3 If the loop is pulled downward in the parallel direction to the straight wire, such
that distance between the loop and wire is always 3 m then the induced e.m.f. in
the loop at any time t will be
(A) linearly increasing with t (B) always 0
(C) linearly decreasing with t (D) always constant but not zero.

MCQ 6.2.4 An infinitely long straight wire with a closed switch S carries a uniform current
I = 4 A as shown in figure. A square loop of side a = 2 m and resistance R = 4 Ω is
located at a distance 2 m from the wire. Now at any time t = t 0 the switch is open
so the current I drops to zero. What will be the total charge that passes through
a corner of the square loop after t = t 0 ?
(A) 277 nC (B) 693 nC
(C) − 237 nC (D) 139 nC

ter
hap
l e C
mp
MCQ 6.2.5
S a
A circular loop of radius 5 m carries a current I = 2 A . If another small circular
loop of radius 1 mm lies a distance 12 m above the large circular loop such that the
planes of the two loops are parallel and perpendicular to the common axis as shown
in figure then total flux through the small loop will be
(A) 1.62 fWb (B) 25.3 nWb
(C) 44.9 fWb (D) 45.4 pWb

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 351

MCQ 6.2.6 A non magnetic medium at frequency f = 1.6 # 108 Hz has permittivity ε = 54ε0
and resistivity ρ = 0.77 Ω − m . What will be the ratio of amplitudes of conduction
current to the displacement current ?
(A) 0.43 (B) 0.37
(C) 1.16 (D) 2.70

MCQ 6.2.7 Two voltmeters A and B with internal resistances RA and RB respectively is
connected to the diametrically opposite points of a long solenoid as shown in
figure. Current in the solenoid is increasing linearly with time. The correct relation
between the voltmeter’s reading VA and VB will be

ter
(A) VA = VB
(C) VA = RA
hap (B) VA =− VB
(D) VA =− RA
VB RB

l e C VB RB

mp
Statement for Linked Question 8 - 9 :
Two parallel conducting rails are being placed at a separation of 5 m with a resistance

S a
R = 10 Ω connected across it’s one end. A conducting bar slides frictionlessly on
the rails with a velocity of 4 m/s away from the resistance as shown in the figure.

MCQ 6.2.8 If a uniform magnetic field B = 2 Tesla pointing out of the page fills entire region
then the current I flowing in the bar will be
(A) 0 A (B) − 40 A
(C) 4 A (D) − 4 A

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352 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.2.9 The force exerted by magnetic field on the sliding bar will be
(A) 4 N, opposes it’s motion
(B) 40 N, opposes it’s motion
(C) 40 N, in the direction of it’s motion
(D) 0

MCQ 6.2.10 Two small resistor of 250 Ω each is connected through a perfectly conducting
filament such that it forms a square loop lying in x -y plane as shown in the figure.
Magnetic flux density passing through the loop is given as
B =− 7.5 cos (120πt − 30c) az
The induced current I (t) in the loop will be

ter
hap
l e C
mp
(A) 0.02 sin (120πt − 30c)
(C) − 5.7 sin (120πt − 30c)
(B) 2.8 # 103 sin (120πt − 30c)
(D) 5.7 sin (120πt − 30c)

S a
Common Data for Question 11 - 12 :
In a non uniform magnetic field B = 8x2 az Tesla , two parallel rails with a separation
of 20 cm and connected with a voltmeter at it’s one end is located in x -y plane
as shown in figure. The Position of the bar which is sliding on the rails is given as
x = t ^1 + 0.4t2h
MCQ 6.2.11 Voltmeter reading at t = 0.4 sec will be

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 353

(A) − 0.35 volt (B) 0.35 volt


(C) − 0.29 volt (D) − 1.6 volt

MCQ 6.2.12 Voltmeter reading at x = 12 cm will be


(A) 12.27 mvolt (B) − 14.64 mvolt
(C) 23.4 mvolt (D) − 23.4 mvolt

MCQ 6.2.13 A rectangular loop of self inductance L is placed near a very long wire carrying
current i1 as shown in figure (a). If i1 be the rectangular pulse of current as shown
in figure (b) then the plot of the induced current i2 in the loop versus time t will
be (assume the time constant of the loop, τ & L/R )

ter
hap
l e C
mp
S a

MCQ 6.2.14 Two parallel conducting rails is placed in a varying magnetic field B = 0.2 cos ωtax
. A conducting bar oscillates on the rails such that it’s position is given by
y = 0.5 ^1 − cos ωt h m

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354 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

If one end of the rails are terminated in a resistance R = 5 Ω , then the current i
flowing in the rails will be

(A) 0.01ω sin ωt ^1 + 2 cos ωt h


(B) − 0.01ω sin ωt ^1 + 2 cos ωt h
ter
(C) 0.01ω cos ωt ^1 + 2 sin ωt h
(D) 0.05ω sin ωt ^1 + 2 sin ωt h
hap
MCQ 6.2.15

l C
Electric flux density in a medium ( εr = 10 , μr = 2 ) is given as

e
D = 1.33 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay μC/m2

mp
Magnetic field intensity in the medium will be

S a
(A) 10−5 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay A/m
(B) 2 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay A/m
(C) − 4 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay A/m
(D) 4 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay A/m

MCQ 6.2.16 In a non conducting medium (σ = 0) magnetic field intensity at any point is given
by H = cos ^1010 t − bx h az A/m . The permittivity of the medium is ε = 0.12 nF/m
and permeability of the medium is μ = 3 # 10−5 H/m . If no D.C. field is present in
medium, then value of b for which the field satisfies Maxwell’s equation is
(A) − 600 rad/s
(B) 600 rad/m
(C) 3.6 # 105 rad/m
(D) (A) and (B) both

MCQ 6.2.17 A current filament located on the x -axis in free space with in the interval
− 0.1 < x < 0.1 m carries current I (t) = 8t A in ax direction. If the retarded vector
potential at point P (0, 0, 2) be A (t) then the plot of A (t) versus time will be

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 355

ter
hap
MCQ 6.2.18

e C
In a non-conducting medium ( σ = 0 , μr = εr = 1), the retarded potentials are given
as V = y ^x − ct h volt and A = y ^ xc − t h ax Wb/m where c is velocity of waves in
l
mp
free space. The field (electric and magnetic) inside the medium satisfies Maxwell’s
equation if

S a
(A) J = 0 only
(C) J = ρv = 0
(B) ρv = 0 only
(D) Can’t be possible

MCQ 6.2.19 Electric field in free space in given as


E = 5 sin ^10πy h cos ^6π # 109 − bx h az
It satisfies Maxwell’s equation for b = ?
(A) ! 20π rad/m (B) ! 300 π rad/m
(C) 10π rad/m (D) 30π rad/m

Statement for Linked Question 20 - 21 :


In a region of electric and magnetic fields E and B , respectively, the force
experienced by a test charge qC are given as follows for three different velocities.
Velocity m/sec Force, N
ax q ^ay + az h
ay qay
az q ^2ay + az h

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356 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.2.20 What will be the magnetic field B in the region ?


(A) ax (B) ax − ay
(C) az (D) ay − az

MCQ 6.2.21 What will be electric field E in the region ?


(A) ax − az (B) ay − az
(C) ay + az (D) ay + az − ax

MCQ 6.2.22 In Cartesian coordinates magnetic field is given by B =− 2/x az . A square loop of
side 2 m is lying in xy plane and parallel to the y -axis. Now, the loop is moving in
that plane with a velocity v = 2ax as shown in the figure.

ter
hap
l e C
(A) 16
x ^x + 2h
mp
What will be the circulation of the induced electric field around the loop ?
(B) 8
x

(C) 8
S a
x ^x + 2h
(D)
x ^x + 2h
16

Common Data for Question 23 - 24 :


In a cylindrical coordinate system, magnetic field is given by
Z0 for ρ < 4 m
]
B = [2 sin ωtaz for 4 < ρ < 5 m
]0 for ρ > 5 m
\
MCQ 6.2.23 The induced electric field in the region ρ < 4 m will be
(A) 0 (B) 2ω cos ωt aφ
ρ
(C) − 2 cos ωtaφ (D) 1 a
2 sin ωt φ
MCQ 6.2.24 The induced electric field at ρ = 4.5 m is
(A) 0 (B) − 17ω cos ωt
18
(C) 4ω cos ωt (D) − 17ω cos ωt
9 4

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 357

MCQ 6.2.25 The induced electric field in the region ρ > 5 m is


(A) − 18 ω cos ωtaφ (B) − 9ω cos ωt aφ
ρ ρ
(C) − 9ρ cos ωtaφ (D) 9ω cos ωt aφ
ρ
MCQ 6.2.26 In a certain region a test charge is moving with an angular velocity 2 rad/ sec along
a circular path of radius 2 m centred at origin in the x -y plane. If the magnetic flux
density in the region isB = 2az Wb/m2 then the electric field viewed by an observer
moving with the test charge is
(A) 8a ρ V/m (B) 4a ρ V/m
(C) 0 (D) − 8a ρ V/m

MCQ 6.2.27 A 8 A current is flowing along a straight wire from a point charge situated at the
origin to infinity and passing through the point ^2, 2, 2h. The circulation of the

er
magnetic field intensity around the closed path formed by the triangle having the
vertices ^2, 0, 0h, ^0, 2, 0h and ^0, 0, 2h is equal to
t
(A) 7 A
8
(C) 7 A
hap (B) 3 A
(D) 1 A

MCQ 6.2.28

l C
Magnetic flux density, B = 0.1t az Tesla threads only the loop abcd lying in the

e
plane xy as shown in the figure.

mp
S a

Consider the three voltmeters V1 , V2 and V3 , connected across the resistance in the
same xy plane. If the area of the loop abcd is 1 m2 then the voltmeter readings are
V1 V2 V3
(A) 66.7 mV 33.3 mV 66.7 mV
(B) 33.3 mV 66.7 mV 33.3 mV
(C) 66.7 mV 66.7 mV 33.3 mV
(D) 33.3 mV 66.7 mV 66.7 mV

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358 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

Statement for Linked Question 29 - 30 :


A square wire loop of resistance R rotated at an angular velocity ω in the uniform
magnetic field B = 5ay mWb/m2 as shown in the figure.

ter
If the angular velocity, ω = 2 rad/ sec then the induced e.m.f. in the loop will be
MCQ 6.2.29
(A) 2 sin θ μV/m
(C) 4 cos θ μV/m
hap
(B) 2 cos θ μV/m
(D) 4 sin θ μV/m

MCQ 6.2.30

e C
If resistance, R = 40 mΩ then the current flowing in the square loop will be

l
(A) 0.2 sin θ mA
(C) 0.1 cos θ mA

mp (B) 0.1 sin θ mA


(D) 0.5 sin θ mA

MCQ 6.2.31

S a
In a certain region magnetic flux density is given as B = B 0 sin ωt ay . A rectangular
loop of wire is defined in the region with it’s one corner at origin and one side along
z -axis as shown in the figure.

If the loop rotates at an angular velocity ω (same as the angular frequency of


magnetic field) then the maximum value of induced e.m.f in the loop will be
(A) 12 B 0 Sω (B) 2B 0 Sω
(C) B 0 Sω (D) 4B 0 Sω

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 359

MCQ 6.2.32 A 50 turn rectangular loop of area 64 cm2 rotates at 60 revolution per seconds in
a magnetic field B = 0.25 sin 377t Wb/m2 directed normal to the axis of rotation.
The rms value of the induced voltage is
(A) 2.13 volt (B) 21.33 volt
(C) 4.26 volt (D) 42.66 volt

Statement for Linked Question 33 - 34 :


Consider the figure shown below. Let B = 10 cos 120πt Wb/m2 and assume that the
magnetic field produced by i (t) is negligible

ter
hap
l e C
MCQ 6.2.33

mp
The value of vab is
(A) − 118.43 cos 120πt V (B) 118.43 cos 120πt V

MCQ 6.2.34
S a
(C) − 118.43 sin 120πt V

The value of i (t) is


(D) 118.43 sin 120πt V

(A) − 0.47 cos 120πt A (B) 0.47 cos 120πt A


(C) − 0.47 sin 120πt A (D) 0.47 sin 120πt A

***********

GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics


Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA ISBN: 9788192348384
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360 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

EXERCISE 6.3

y
A magnetic field in air is measured to be B = B 0 c 2 x 2 ay − 2
x + y2 m
MCQ 6.3.1 ax What
x +y
GATE 2009 current distribution leads to this field ?
[Hint : The algebra is trivial in cylindrical coordinates.]
(A) J = B 0 z c 2 1 2 m, r ! 0 (B) J =− B 0 z c 2 2 2 m, r ! 0
μ0 x + y μ0 x + y

(C) J = 0, r ! 0

ter
(D) J = B 0 z c 2 1 2 m, r ! 0
μ0 x + y
MCQ 6.3.2
GATE 2008

hap
For static electric and magnetic fields in an inhomogeneous source-free medium,
which of the following represents the correct form of Maxwell’s equations ?
(A) d : E = 0 , d # B = 0 (B) d : E = 0 , d : B = 0

l e C
(C) d # E = 0 , d # B = 0 (D) d # E = 0 , d : B = 0

MCQ 6.3.3
GATE 2007

mp
If C is closed curve enclosing a surface S , then magnetic field intensity H , the
current density J and the electric flux density D are related by

S a
(A) ## H $ dS = ## bJ + 2D l : dl
C 2t
(C) ## H : dS = # bJ + 2D l : dl
(B) # H : dl = ## bJ + 2D l : dS
S S 2t
(D) # H : dl = ## bJ + 2D l : dS
S C 2t C S 2t
MCQ 6.3.4 The unit of d # H is
GATE 2003 (A) Ampere (B) Ampere/meter
(C) Ampere/meter 2 (D) Ampere-meter

MCQ 6.3.5 The Maxwell equation d # H = J + 2D is based on


2t
GATE 1998 (A) Ampere’s law (B) Gauss’ law
(C) Faraday’s law (D) Coulomb’s law

MCQ 6.3.6 A loop is rotating about they y -axis in a magnetic field B = B 0 cos (ωt + φ) ax T.
GATE 1998 The voltage in the loop is
(A) zero
(B) due to rotation only
(C) due to transformer action only
(D) due to both rotation and transformer action

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 361

MCQ 6.3.7 The credit of defining the following current is due to Maxwell
IES EC 2012 (A) Conduction current (B) Drift current
(C) Displacement current (D) Diffusion current

MCQ 6.3.8 A varying magnetic flux linking a coil is given by Φ = 1/3λt3 . If at time t = 3 s , the
IES EC 2011 emf induced is 9 V, then the value of λ is.
(A) zero (B) 1 Wb/s2
(C) − 1 Wb/s2 (D) 9 Wb/s2

MCQ 6.3.9 Assuming that each loop is stationary and time varying magnetic field B , induces
IES EC 2011 current I , which of the configurations in the figures are correct ?

ter
hap
l e C
mp
S a
(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 4 only (D) 3 and 4 only

MCQ 6.3.10 Assertion (A) : For time varying field the relation E =− dV is inadequate.
IES EC 2011 Reason (R) : Faraday’s law states that for time varying field d # E = 0
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually true and Reason (R) is
the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually true but Reason (R) is
not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true

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362 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.3.11 Who developed the concept of time varying electric field producing a magnetic field
IES EC 2009 ?
(A) Gauss (B) Faraday
(C) Hertz (D) Maxwell

MCQ 6.3.12 A single turn loop is situated in air, with a uniform magnetic field normal to
IES EC 2009 its plane. The area of the loop is 5 m2 and the rate of charge of flux density is
2 Wb/m2 /s . What is the emf appearing at the terminals of the loop ?
(A) − 5 V (B) − 2 V
(C) − 0.4 V (D) − 10 V

MCQ 6.3.13 Which of the following equations results from the circuital form of Ampere’s law ?
IES EC 2009
(A) d # E =−2B (B) d : B = 0

r
2t
(D) d # H = J + 2D
(C) d : D = ρ

pte 2t

ha
MCQ 6.3.14 Assertion (A) : Capacitance of a solid conducting spherical body of radius a is
IES EC 2009 given by 4πε0 a in free space.

l e C
Reason (R) : d # H = jωεE + J
(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.

p
(B) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

m
MCQ 6.3.15
a
(C) A is true but R is false

S
(D) A is false but R is true

Two conducting thin coils X and Y (identical except for a thin cut in coil Y
IES EC 2007 ) are placed in a uniform magnetic field which is decreasing at a constant rate.
If the plane of the coils is perpendicular to the field lines, which of the following
statement is correct ? As a result, emf is induced in
(A) both the coils
(B) coil Y only
(C) coil X only
(D) none of the two coils

MCQ 6.3.16 Assertion (A) : Time varying electric field produces magnetic fields.
IES EC 2006 Reason (R) : Time varying magnetic field produces electric fields.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 363

MCQ 6.3.17 Match List I (Electromagnetic Law) with List II (Different Form) and select the
IES EC 2006 correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List-I List-II
a. Ampere’s law 1. 4: D = ρv

b. Faraday’s law 2. 4: J =−2h


2t
c. Gauss law 3. 4# H = J + 2D
2t
d. Current 4. 4# E =−2B
2t
Codes :
a b c d
(A) 1
(B) 3
2
4
3
1
4
2
ter
(C) 1
(D) 3
4
2
3
1
2
4

hap
MCQ 6.3.18
IES EC 2004

l e C
Two metal rings 1 and 2 are placed in a uniform magnetic field which is decreasing
with time with their planes perpendicular to the field. If the rings are identical

mp
except that ring 2 has a thin air gap in it, which one of the following statements
is correct ?

S a
(A) No e.m.f is induced in ring 1
(B) An e.m.f is induced in both the rings
(C) Equal Joule heating occurs in both the rings
(D) Joule heating does not occur in either ring.

MCQ 6.3.19 Which one of the following Maxwell’s equations gives the basic idea of radiation ?
IES EC 2003
d # H = 2D/2t d # E =− 2B/2t
(A) 4 (B) 4
d # E = 2B/2t d : D =− 2B/2t
d:D = ρ d:B = ρ
(C) 3 (D) 4
d:D = 0 d # H = ^2D/2t h

MCQ 6.3.20 Which one of the following is NOT a correct Maxwell equation ?
IES EC 2001
(A) d # H = 2D + J (B) d # E = 2H
2t 2t
(C) d : D = ρ (D) d : B = 0

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364 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.3.21 Match List I (Maxwell equation) with List II (Description) and select the correct
IES EC 2001 answer :
List I
a. # B : dS = 0
b. # D : dS = #v ρv dv
c. # E : dl =− # 2B $ dS
2t
d.
# H : dl = # 2(D2+
t
J)
: dS

List II
1. The mmf around a closed path is equal to the conduction current plus the

er
time derivative of the electric displacement current through any surface
bounded by the path.
t
2.

hap
The emf around a closed path is equal to the time derivative is equal to the
time derivative of the magnetic displacement through any surface bounded

3.
by the path.

l e C
The total electric displacement through the surface enclosing a volume is

mp
equal to total charge within the volume
4. The net magnetic flux emerging through any closed surface is zero.
Codes :

(A)
a
1
S a b
3
c
2
d
4
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 4 2 3 1
(D) 1 2 3 4
MCQ 6.3.22 The equation of continuity defines the relation between
IES EE 2012 (A) electric field and magnetic field
(B) electric field and charge density
(C) flux density and charge density
(D) current density and charge density

MCQ 6.3.23 What is the generalized Maxwell’s equation d # H = Jc + 2D for the free space ?
2t
IES EE 2009
(A) d # H = 0 (B) d # H = Jc

(C) d # H = 2D (D) d # H = D
2t

GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics


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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 365

MCQ 6.3.24 Magnetic field intensity is H = 3ax + 7yay + 2xaz A/m. What is the current density
IES EE 2009 J A/m2 ?
(A) − 2ay (B) − 7az
(C) 3ax (D) 12ay

MCQ 6.3.25 A circular loop placed perpendicular to a uniform sinusoidal magnetic field of
IES EE 2009 frequency ω1 is revolved about an axis through its diameter at an angular velocity
ω 2 rad/sec (ω 2 < ω1) as shown in the figure below. What are the frequencies for the
e.m.f induced in the loop ?

ter
hap
(A) ω1 and ω 2

l e C
(B) ω1, ω 2 + ω 2 and ω 2

p
(C) ω 2, ω1 − ω 2 and ω 2

m
MCQ 6.3.26
IES EE 2009
a
(D) ω1 − ω 2 and ω1 + ω 2

S
Which one of the following is not a Maxwell’s equation ?
(A) d # H = ^σ + jωεh E
(B) F = Q ^E + v # B h
(C) #c H : dl = #s J : dS + #s 2D : dS
2t
(D) #S B : dS = 0
MCQ 6.3.27 Consider the following three equations :
IES EE 2008
1. d # E =−2B
2t
2. d # H = J + 2D
2t
3. d : B = 0
Which of the above appear in Maxwell’s equations ?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 2
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1 and 3

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366 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.3.28 A straight current carrying conductor and two conducting loops A and B are shown
IES EE 2007 in the figure given below. What are the induced current in the two loops ?

(A) Anticlockwise in A and clockwise in B


(B) Clockwise in A and anticlockwise in B
(C) Clockwise both in A and B
ter
(D) Anticlockwise both in A and B

hap
C
MCQ 6.3.29 Which one of the following equations is not Maxwell’s equation for a static

e
IES EE 2007 electromagnetic field in a linear homogeneous medium ?
(A) d : B = 0
pl (B) d # D = 0v

MCQ 6.3.30
(C)

S am
#c B : dl = μ0 I (D) d2 A = μ0 J

In free space, if ρv = 0 , the Poisson’s equation becomes


IES EE 2006 (A) Maxwell’s divergence equation d : B = 0
(B) Laplacian equation d2V = 0
(C) Kirchhoff’s voltage equation ΣV = 0
(D) None of the above

MCQ 6.3.31 Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :
IES EE 2004
List I List II
a Continuity equation 1. d H = J + 2D
#
2t
b Ampere’s law 2. J = 2D
2t
c Displacement current 3. d E =−2B
#
2t

d Faraday’s law 4. 2ρ
d # J =− v
2t

GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics


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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 367

Codes :
a b c d
(A) 4 3 2 1
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 2 3 4 1
(D) 2 1 4 3
MCQ 6.3.32 Match List I (Type of field denoted by A) with List II (Behaviour) and select the
IES EE 2004 correct answer using the codes given below :
List I List II
a A static electric field in a charge free region 1. d : A = 0
d#A ! 0
b A static electric field in a charged region 2. d : A ! 0

ter d#A = 0

p
c A steady magnetic field in a current carrying 3. d : A ! 0

ha
conductor
d#A ! 0
d

l e C
A time-varying electric field in a charged medium
with time-varying magnetic field
4. d : A = 0
d#A = 0
Codes :
a
mp b c d
(A)
(B)
(C) S
4
4
2
a 2
2
4
3
1
3
1
3
1
(D) 2 4 1 3
MCQ 6.3.33 Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
IES EE 2003 (A) Gauss Theorem : # D : ds = # d : Ddv
s v

(B) Gauss’s Law : # D : ds = #v ρdv


dφm
(C) Coulomb’s Law : V =−
dt
(D) Stoke’s Theorem : #l ξ : dl = #s (d # ξ) : ds
MCQ 6.3.34 Maxwell equation d # E =− (2B/2t) is represented in integral form as
IES EE 2003
(A) # E : dl =− 2 # B : dl (B) # E : dl =− 2 # B : ds
2t 2t s
(C) # E # dl =− 2 # B : dl (D) # E # dl =− 2 # B : dl
2t 2t s

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368 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

MCQ 6.3.35 The magnetic flux through each turn of a 100 turn coil is (t3 − 2t) milli-Webers
IES EE 2002 where t is in seconds. The induced e.m.f at t = 2 s is
(A) 1 V (B) − 1 V
(C) 0.4 V (D) − 0.4 V

MCQ 6.3.36 Two conducting coils 1 and 2 (identical except that 2 is split) are placed in a
IES EE 2002 uniform magnetic field which decreases at a constant rate as in the figure. If the
planes of the coils are perpendicular to the field lines, the following statements are
made :

ter
1. an e.m.f is induced in the split coil 2
hap
2.
3.

l e C
e.m.fs are induced in both coils
equal Joule heating occurs in both coils
4.
p
Joule heating does not occur in any coil

m
Which of the above statements is/are true ?
(A) 1 and 4
(C) 3 only
S a (B) 2 and 4
(D) 2 only

MCQ 6.3.37 For linear isotropic materials, both E and H have the time dependence e jωt and
IES EE 2002 regions of interest are free of charge. The value of d # H is given by
(A) σE (B) jωεE
(C) σE + jωεE (D) σE − jωεE

MCQ 6.3.38 Which of the following equations is/are not Maxwell’s equations(s) ?
IES EE 2002 2ρ
(A) d : J =− v (B) d : D = ρv
2t
(C) d : E =−2B (D) # H : dl = # b σE + ε2E l : ds
2t s 2t
Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
(A) 2 and 4 (B) 1 alone
(C) 1 and 3 (D) 1 and 4

MCQ 6.3.39 Assertion (A) : The relationship between Magnetic Vector potential A and the
IES EE 2001 current density J in free space is
d # (d # A) = μ0 J
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 369

For a magnetic field in free space due to a dc or slowly varying current is d2 A =− μ0 J


Reason (R) : For magnetic field due to dc or slowly varying current d : A = 0 .
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

MCQ 6.3.40 Given that d # H = J + 2D


2t
IES EE 2001
Assertion (A) : In the equation, the additional term 2D is necessary.
2t
Reason (R) : The equation will be consistent with the principle of conservation of
charge.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(C) A is true but R is false


ter
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

MCQ 6.3.41
(D) A is false but R is true

hap
Consider coils C1, C2, C 3 and C 4 (shown in the given figures) which are placed in the
IES EE 2001

l e C
time-varying electric field E (t) and electric field produced by the coils C l2, C l3 and
C l4 carrying time varying current I (t) respectively :

mp
S a

The electric field will induce an emf in the coils


(A) C1 and C2 (B) C2 and C 3

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370 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

(C) C1 and C 3 (D) C2 and C 4

MCQ 6.3.42 A circular loop is rotating about the y -axis as a diameter in a magnetic field
IES EE 2001 B = B 0 sin ωtax Wb/m2 . The induced emf in the loop is
(A) due to transformer emf only
(B) due to motional emf only
(C) due to a combination of transformer and motional emf
(D) zero

MCQ 6.3.43 Match List I (Law/quantity) with List II (Mathematical expression) and select the
IES EE 2001 correct answer :
List I List II
a. Gauss’s law 1. d : D = ρ

b. Ampere’s law 2. d E =−2B


#
2t
ter
c. Faraday’s law 3. P = E#H

hap
F = q ^E + v # B h
d. Poynting vector

l e C 4.

5. d H = J + 2D

mp # c
2t

Codes :

(A) 1
a
S a b
2
c
4
d
3
(B) 3 5 2 1
(C) 1 5 2 3
(D) 3 2 4 1

***********

GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics


Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 371

SOLUTIONS 6.1

SOL 6.1.1 Option (D) is correct.


SOL 6.1.2 Option (B) is correct.
The line integral of magnetic field intensity along a closed loop is equal to the
current enclosed by it.
i.e. #H : dl = Ienc

ter
So, for the constant current, magnetic field intensity will be constant i.e.
magnetostatic field is caused by steady currents.
SOL 6.1.3 Option (A) is correct.

hap
From Faraday’s law the electric field intensity in a time varying field is defined as
d # E =−2B

l e C 2t
where B is magnetic flux density in the EM field.
and since the magnetic flux density is equal to the curl of magnetic vector potential
i.e.

mp B = d#A
So, putting it in equation (1), we get

or S a d # E =− 2 ^d # Ah
2t
d # E = d # b− 2 A l
2t
Therefore, E =−2A
2t
SOL 6.1.4 Option (B) is correct.
Since total magnetic flux through a surface S is defined as
Φ = # B : dS
S

From Maxwell’s equation it is known that curl of magnetic flux density is zero
d:B = 0

# B : dS
S
= # (d : B) dv = 0
v
(Stokes Theorem)
Thus, net outwards flux will be zero for a closed surface.
SOL 6.1.5 Option (C) is correct.
From Faraday’s law, the relation between electric field and magnetic field is
d # E =−2B
2t

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372 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

Since the electric field inside a conducting sphere is zero.


i.e. E =0
So the rate of change in magnetic flux density will be
2B =− (d E)= 0
#
2t
Therefore B (r, t) will be uniform inside the sphere and independent of time.
SOL 6.1.6 Option (B) is correct.
From the integral form of Faraday’s law we have the relation between the electric
field intensity and net magnetic flux through a closed loop as
# E : dl =− dΦ
dt
Since electric field intensity is zero (E = 0 ) inside the conducting loop. So, the rate
of change in net magnetic flux through the closed loop is
dΦ = 0
dt
i.e. Φ is constant and doesn’t vary with time.
ter
SOL 6.1.7 Option (C) is correct.

hap
A superconductor material carries zero magnetic field and zero electric field inside
it.
i.e.

l e C
B = 0 and E = 0

p
Now from Ampere-Maxwell equation we have the relation between the magnetic
flux density and electric field intensity as

m
So,
S ad # B = μ0 J + μ0 ε02E
J =0
2t
(B = 0 , E = 0 )
Since the net current density inside the superconductor is zero so all the current
must be confined at the surface of the wire.
SOL 6.1.8 Option (C) is correct.
According to Lenz’s law the induced current I in a loop flows such as to produce
a magnetic field that opposes the change in B (t).
Now the configuration shown in option (A) and (B) for increasing magnetic flux
Bi , the change in flux is in same direction to Bi as well as the current I flowing
in the loop produces magnetic field in the same direction so it does not follow the
Lenz’s law.
For the configuration shown in option (D), as the flux Bd is decreasing with time
so the change in flux is in opposite direction to Bd as well as the current I flowing
in the loop produces the magnetic field in opposite direction so it also does not
follow the Lenz’s law.
For the configuration shown in option (C), the flux density Bd is decreasing with
time so the change in flux is in opposite direction to Bd but the current I flowing
in the loop produces magnetic field in the same direction to Bd (opposite to the
direction of change in flux density). Therefore this is the correct configuration.
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 373

SOL 6.1.9 Option (C) is correct.


Induced emf in a conducting loop is given by
Vemf =− dΦ where Φ is total magnetic flux passing through the loop.
dt
Since, the magnetic field is non-uniform so the change in flux will be caused by it
and the induced emf due to it is called transformer emf.
Again the field is in ay direction and the loop is rotating about z -axis so flux
through the loop will also vary due to the motion of the loop. This causes the emf
which is called motion emf. Thus, total induced voltage in the rotating loop is
caused by the combination of both the transformer and motion emf.
SOL 6.1.10 Option (A) is correct.
As the conducting loop is falling freely So, the flux through loop will remain
constant. Therefore, the voltage induced in the loop will be zero.

r
SOL 6.1.11 Option (B) is correct.

te
The magnetic flux density passing through the loop is given as
B = 4z3 t2 ax
p
h a
Since the flux density is directed normal to the plane x = 0 so the total magnetic
flux passing through the square loop located in the plane x = 0 is
#
l e C# #
Φ = B : dS =
1

y=0 z=0
1
(4z3 t2) dydz = t2 (dS = (dydz) ax )

p
Induced emf in a loop placed in magnetic field is defined as
Vemf =− dΦ

am dt
where Φ is the total magnetic flux passing through the loop. So the induced emf

S
in the square loop is
d (t2)
Vemf =− =− 2t ( Φ = t2 )
dt
Therefore at time t = 2 sec the induced emf is
Vemf =− 4 volt
SOL 6.1.12 Option (C) is correct.
Magnetic flux density produced at a distance ρ from a long straight wire carrying
current I is defined as
μI
B = 0 aφ
2πρ
where aφ is the direction of flux density as determined by right hand rule. So the
flux density produced by straight wire at a distance ρ from it is
μI
B = 0 an (an is unit vector normal to the loop)
2πρ
Therefore the total magnet flux passing through the loop is
d+a μ I
#
Φ = B : dS =
d
# 2
0
πρ
adρ (dS = adρan )
where dρ is width of the strip of loop at a distance ρ from the straight wire. Thus,

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374 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

μ0 I dρ μ0 I μ0 (5)
b 2π l ρ = 2π ln b 2 l = 2π ln (1.5)
3
Φ = #
2
3

= (2 # 10−7) (5) ln (1.5) = 4.05 # 10−7 Wb


SOL 6.1.13 Option (A) is correct.
Electric field intensity experienced by the moving conductor ab in the presence of
magnetic field B is given as
E = v#B where v is the velocity of the conductor.
So, electric field will be directed from b to a as determined by right hand rule for
the cross vector. Therefore, the voltage difference between the two ends of the
conductor is given as
b
Vab =− # E : dl
a

Thus, the positive terminal of voltage will be a and Vab will be positive.
SOL 6.1.14 Option (B) is correct.

ter
Given magnetic flux density through the square loop is
B = 0.1taz Wb/m2

hap
So, total magnetic flux passing through the loop is
Φ = B : dS = ^0.1t h^1 h = 0.1t

l C
The induced emf (voltage) in the loop is given as

e
Vemf =−

=− 0.1 Volt

mp dt
As determined by Lenz’s law the polarity of induced emf will be such that

S aV1 + V2 =− Vemf
Therefore, the voltage drop in the two resistances are respectively,
V1 = b 2 l (− Vemf ) = 0.1 = 33.3 mV
2+4 3
and V2 = b 4 l (− Vemf ) = 66.7 mV
2+4
SOL 6.1.15 Option (A) is correct.
Consider a magnet bar being dropped inside a pipe as shown in figure.
Suppose the current I in the magnet flows counter clockwise (viewed from above)
as shown in figure. So near the ends of pipe, it’s field points upward. A ring
of pipe below the magnet experiences an increasing upward flux as the magnet
approaches and hence by Lenz’s law a current will be induced in it such as to
produce downward flux.
Thus, Iind must flow clockwise which is opposite to the current in the magnet.
Since opposite currents repel each other so, the force exerted on the magnet due
to the induced current is directed upward. Meanwhile a ring above the magnet
experiences a decreasing upward flux; so it’s induced current parallel to I and it
attracts magnet upward. And flux through the rings next to the magnet bar is
constant. So no current is induced in them.

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 375

Thus, for all we can say that the force exerted by the eddy current (induced current

ter
according to Lenz’s law) on the magnet is in upward direction which causes the
delay to reach the bottom. Whereas in the cases of unmagnetized bar no induced

hap
current is formed. So it reaches in fraction of time.
Thus, A and R both true and R is correct explanation of A.
Option (B) is correct.

C
SOL 6.1.16

V1 =− N1 dΦ
Voltage,

pl e dt
where Φ is total magnetic flux passing through it.
V2 =− N2 dΦ
Again

S am dt
Since both the coil are in same magnetic field so, change in flux will be same for
both the coil.
Comparing the equations (1) and (2) we get
V1 = N1
V2 N2
V2 = V1 Ν2 = (12) 3000 = 7.2 volt
N1 5000
SOL 6.1.17 Option (C) is correct.
The magnetic flux density inside a solenoid of n turns per unit length carrying
current I is defined as
B = μ0 nI
Let the length of solenoid be l and its cross sectional radius be r . So, the total
magnetic flux through the solenoid is
Φ = (μ0 nI) (πr2) (nl) (1)
Since the total magnetic flux through a coil having inductance L and carrying
current I is given as
Φ = LI
So comparing it with equation (1) we get,

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376 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

L = μ0 n2 Iπ2 l
and as for a given solenoid, radius r and length l is constant therefore
L \ n2
SOL 6.1.18 Option (C) is correct.
The magnetic flux density inside the solenoid is defined as
B = μ0 nI
where n " no. of turns per unit length
I " current flowing in it.
So the total magnetic flux through the solenoid is
Φ = # B : dS = (μ0 nI) (πa2)
where a " radius of solenoid
Induced emf in a loop placed in a magnetic field is defined as
Vemf =− dΦ
dt

ter
where Φ is the total magnetic flux passing through the loop. Since the resistance R

hap
is looped over the solenoid so total flux through the loop will be equal to the total
flux through the solenoid and therefore the induced emf in the loop of resistance
will be

l e C
Vemf =− πa2 μ0 n dI
dt

mp
Since current I flowing in the solenoid is constant so, the induced emf is
Vemf = 0

SOL 6.1.19
S a
and therefore the induced current in the loop will be zero.
Option (B) is correct.
It will be similar to the current in a solenoid.
So, the magnetic field will be in circumferential while the electric field is longitudinal.
SOL 6.1.20 Option (B) is correct.
In Assertion (A) the magnetic flux through each turn of both coils are equal So,
the net magnetic flux through the two coils are respectively
Φ1 = N1 Φ
and Φ2 = N2 Φ
where Φ is the magnetic flux through a single loop of either coil and N1 , N2 are the
total no. of turns of the two coils respectively.
Therefore the induced emf in the two coils are
Vemf 1 =− dΦ1 =− N1 dΦ
dt dt
Vemf 2 =− dΦ2 =− N2 dΦ
dt dt
Thus, the ratio of the induced emf in the two loops are
Vemf 2 = N2
Vemf 1 N1

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 377

Now, in Reason (R) : a primitive transformer is similar to the cylinder core carrying
wound coils. It is the device in which by choosing the appropriate no. of turns, any
desired secondary emf can be obtained.
So, both the statements are correct but R is not the explanation of A.
SOL 6.1.21 Option (B) is correct.
Electric flux density in the medium is given as
D = εE = εE 0 cos ωt ( E = E 0 cos ωt )
Therefore the displacement current density in the medium is
Jd = 2D =− ωεE 0 sin ωt
2t
and the conduction current density in the medium is
Jc = σE = σE 0 cos ωt
So, the ratio of amplitudes of conduction current density and displacement current
density is
Jc
Jd
= σ
ωε
ter
SOL 6.1.22 Option (A) is correct.

hap
The displacement current density in a medium is equal to the rate of change in

l e C
electric flux density in the medium.
Jd = 2D

p
2t
Since the displacement current density in the medium is given as

S am Jd = 20 cos ^1.5 # 108 t h ay A/m2


So, the electric flux density in the medium is
# D = Jd dt + C (C " constant)

= # 20 cos ^1.5 # 10 t ha dt + C
8
y

As there is no D.C. field present in the medium so, we get C = 0 and thus,
20 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h
D = 8 ay = 1.33 # 10−7 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay
1.5 # 10
= 133.3 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay nC/m2
SOL 6.1.23 Option (C) is correct.
Given the volume charge density, ρv = 0
So, from Maxwell’s equation we have
d : D = ρv
d:D = 0 (1)
Now, the electric flux density in a medium is defined as
D = εE (where ε is the permittivity of the medium)
So, putting it in equation (1) we get,
d : (εE) = 0
or, E : (dε) + ε (d : E) = 0
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378 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

and since dε . 0 &4 ε . 0 (given)


ε
Therefore, d:E . 0
SOL 6.1.24 Option (D) is correct.
The ratio of magnitudes of displacement current to conduction current in any
medium having permittivity ε and conductivity σ is given as
= ωε
Displacement current
Conduction current σ
where ω is the angular frequency of the current in the medium.
Given frequency, f = 50 GHz
Permittivity, ε = 4ε0 = 4 # 8.85 # 10−12
Conductivity, σ = 1.14 # 108 s/m
So, ω = 2πf = 2π # 50 # 109 = 100π # 109

r
Therefore, the ratio of magnitudes of displacement current to the conduction
current is

te
Id = 100π # 109 # 4 # 8.85 # 10−12 = 9.75 10−8

p #

ha
Ic 1.14 # 108
SOL 6.1.25 Option (A) is correct.

E =
l e C
Given the electric field intensity in time domain as
sin θ cos ^ωt − kr h

mp r
So, the electric field intensity in phasor form is given as

a
Es = sin θ e−jkr a θ

S r
and d # Es = 1 2 ^rE θs h aφ = ^− jk h sin θ e−jkr aφ
r kdr r
Therefore, from Maxwell’s equation we get the magnetic field intensity as
Hs =−d # Es = k sin θ e−jkr aφ
jωr0 ωr0 r
SOL 6.1.26 Option (B) is correct.
In phasor form the magnetic field intensity can be written as
Hs = 0.1 cos ^15πy h e−jbx az A/m
Similar as determined in MCQ 42 using Maxwell’s equation we get the relation
^15πh2 + b2 = ω2 π0 ε0
Here ω = 6π # 109
So, ^15πh2 + b2 = c 6π # 108 m
9 2

3 # 10
^15πh2 + b2 = 400π2
b2 = 175π2 & b = ! 41.6 rad/m

***********

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 379

SOLUTIONS 6.2

SOL 6.2.1 Option (A) is correct.


Induced emf. in the conducting loop formed by rail, bar and the resistor is given by
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
where Φ is total magnetic flux passing through the loop.
Consider the bar be located at a distance x from the resistor at time t . So the total

Φ = # B : dS = Blx
ter
magnetic flux passing through the loop at time t is
(area of the loop is S = lx )

hap
Now the induced emf in a loop placed in magnetic field is defined as
Vemf =− dΦ

e C dt
where Φ is the total magnetic flux passing through the loop. Therefore the induced

l
mp
emf in the square loop is
Vemf =− d (Blx) =− Bl dx
dt dt
( Φ = Blx )

and
S a
Since from the given figure, we have
l = 2 m and B = 0.1 Wb/m2
dx/dt = velocity of bar = 5 m/s
So, induced emf is
Vemf =− (0.1) (2) (5) =− 1 volt
According to Lenz’s law the induced current I in a loop flows such as to produce
magnetic field that opposes the change in B (t). As the bar moves away from the
resistor the change in magnetic field will be out of the page so the induced current
will be in the same direction of I shown in figure.
Thus, the current in the loop is
(− 1)
I =−Vemf =− = 0.01 A (R = 10Ω )
R 10
SOL 6.2.2 Option (B) is correct.
Magnetic flux density produced at a distance ρ from a long straight wire carrying
current I is defined as
μI
B = 0 aφ
2πρ
where aφ is the direction of flux density as determined by right hand rule. So, the
magnetic flux density produced by the straight conducting wire linking through the
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380 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

loop is normal to the surface of the loop.


Now consider a strip of width dρ of the square loop at distance ρ from the wire for
which the total magnetic flux linking through the square loop is given as
Φ = # B : dS
S
μI ρ+a

2π #
= 0 1 (adρ) (area of the square loop is dS = adρ )
ρ ρ
μ0 Ia ρ+a
ln b
ρ l
=

The induced emf due to the change in flux (when pulled away) is given as
μ Ia ρ+a
Vemf =− dΦ =− 0 d ;ln b
dt 2π dt ρ lE
μ Ia dρ 1 dρ
Vemf =− 0 c 1
2π ρ + a dt ρ dt m
Therefore, −

Given
dt
= velocity of loop = 5 m/s

ter
and since the loop is currently located at 3 m distance from the straight wire, so
after 0.6 sec it will be at
ρ = 3 + (0.6) # v
hap (v " velocity of the loop )

So,
l e C
Vemf =−
= 3 + 0.6 # 5 = 6 m
μ0 # (30) # 2 1 1
: 8 (5) − 6 (5)D (a = 2 m, I = 30 A )

mp 2π
= 25 # 10−7 volt = 2.5 μvolt
SOL 6.2.3

S a
Option (B) is correct.
Since total magnetic flux through the loop depends on the distance from the
straight wire and the distance is constant. So the flux linking through the loop will
be constant, if it is pulled parallel to the straight wire. Therefore the induced emf
in the loop is
Vemf =− dΦ = 0 (Φ is constant)
dt
SOL 6.2.4 Option (A) is correct.
Magnetic flux density produced at a distance ρ from a long straight wire carrying
current I is defined as
μI
B = 0 aφ
2πρ
where aφ is the direction of flux density as determined by right hand rule.
Since the direction of magnetic flux density produced at the loop is normal to the
surface of the loop So, total flux passing through the loop is given by
μ0 I
c 2πρ m^adρh
4
#
Φ = B : dS =
S
#
ρ=2
(dS = adρ )
μ Ia 4 dρ μ I2 μI
= 0
2π 2 ρ #
= 0 ln 2 = 0 ln (2)
2π π
The current flowing in the loop is Iloop and induced e.m.f. is Vemf .

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 381

So, Vemf = Iloop R =− dΦ


dt
dQ μ0
(R) =− ln (2) dI
dt π dt
where Q is the total charge passing through a corner of square loop.
dQ μ
=− 0 ln (2) dI (R = 4 Ω )
dt 4 π dt
μ
dQ =− 0 ln (2) dI

Therefore the total charge passing through a corner of square loop is
μ 0 μ
#
Q =− 0 ln (2) dI =− 0 ln (2) (0 − 4)
4π 4 4 π
−7
= 4 # 4π # 10 ln (2) = 2.77 # 10−7 C = 277 nC

SOL 6.2.5 Option (C) is correct.

ter
Since the radius of small circular loop is negligible in comparison to the radius of
the large loop. So, the flux density through the small loop will be constant and
equal to the flux on the axis of the loops.
So, B = 0
μI R2

ha
2 ^z2 + R2h3/2 z
pa

where

l e C
R " radius of large loop = 5 m
z " distance between the loops = 12 m

m p μ
B = 0# #
2
2 (5) 2
6^12h + ^5h @
a =
2 3/2 z
25μ0
^13h3
az

a
2

S #
Therefore, the total flux passing through the small loop is
Φ = B : dS =
25μ0
^13h3
10−7
# πr
2
wherer is radius of small circular loop.

= 25 # 4π # # π ^10 h = 44.9 fWb


−3 2
^ h
13 3

SOL 6.2.6 Option (D) is correct.


Electric field in any medium is equal to the voltage drop per unit length.
i.e. E =V
d
where V " potential difference between two points.
d " distance between the two points.
The voltage difference between any two points in the medium is
V = V0 cos 2πft
So the conduction current density in the medium is given as
Jc = σE ( σ " conductivity of the medium)

=E ( ρ " resistivity of the medium)


ρ
V cos 2πft
=V = 0 (V = V0 cos 2πft)
ρd ρd

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382 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

or, Jc = V0
ρd
and displacement current density in the medium is given as
V cos (2πft)
Jd = 2D = ε2E = ε 2 ; 0 E (V = V0 cos 2πft)
2t 2t 2t d
= εV0 6− 2πft sin (2πft)@
d
2πf εV0
or, Jd =
d
Therefore, the ratio of amplitudes of conduction current and displacement current
in the medium is
Ic JC (V0) / (ρd)
= = = 1
Id Jd (d) / (2πfεV0) 2πfερ
= 1
2π # (1.6 # 108) # (54 # 8.85 # 10−12) # 0.77
= 2.7

ter
SOL 6.2.7 Option (D) is correct.

hap
Total magnetic flux through the solenoid is given as
Φ = μ0 nI

l
in the solenoid.
e C
where n is the no. of turns per unit length of solenoid and I is the current flowing

i.e.
mp
Since the solenoid carries current that is increasing linearly with time
I\t

or,
a
So the net magnetic flux through the solenoid will be

S Φ\t
Φ = kt where k is a constant.
Therefore the emf induced in the loop consisting resistances RA , RB is
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
Vemf =− k
and the current through R1 and R2 will be
Iind =− k
R1 + R 2
Now according to Lenz’s law the induced current I in a loop flows such as to
produce a magnetic field that opposes the change in B (t).
i.e. the induced current in the loop will be opposite to the direction of current in
solenoid (in anticlockwise direction).
So, VA = Iind RA =− kRA
RA + RB
and VB =− Iind RB = b kRB l
RA + RB
Thus, the ratio of voltmeter readings is
VA =− RA
VB RB
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 383

SOL 6.2.8 Option (D) is correct.


Induced emf in the conducting loop formed by rail, bar and the resistor is given by
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
where Φ is total magnetic flux passing through the loop.
The bar is located at a distance x from the resistor at time t . So the total magnetic
flux passing through the loop at time t is
#
Φ = B : dS = Blx where l is separation between the rails
Now the induced emf in a loop placed in magnetic field is defined as
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
where Φ is the total magnetic flux passing through the loop. Therefore the induced
emf in the square loop is
Vemf =− d (Blx) =− Bl dx ( Φ = Blx )

r
dt dt
Since from the given figure, we have
l =5m
pte
ha
B = 2T
and dx/dt " velocity of bar = 4 m/s

l e C
So, induced emf is
Vemf =− (2) (5) (4) =− 40 volt

mp
Therefore the current in the bar loop will be
I = Vemf =− 40 =− 4 A

a
R 10
SOL 6.2.9
S
Option (B) is correct.
As obtained in the previous question the current flowing in the sliding bar is
I =− 4 A
Now we consider magnetic field acts in ax direction and current in the sliding bar
is flowing in + az direction as shown in the figure.

Therefore, the force exerted on the bar is


5
F = # Idl # B = # (− 4dza ) # (2a )
0
z x

=− 8ay 6z @50 =− 40ay N

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384 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

i.e. The force exerted on the sliding bar is in opposite direction to the motion of
the sliding bar.
SOL 6.2.10 Option (C) is correct.
Given the magnetic flux density through the square loop is
B = 7.5 cos (120πt − 30c) az
So the total magnetic flux passing through the loop will be
Φ = # B : dS
S

= 6− 7.5 cos (120πt − 30c) az@ (1 # 1) (− az )


= 7.5 cos (120πt − 30c)
Now, the induced emf in the square loop is given by
Vemf =− dΦ = 7.5 # 120π sin (120πt − 30c)
dt
The polarity of induced emf (according to Lenz’s law) will be such that induced

er
current in the loop will be in opposite direction to the current I (t) shown in the
figure. So we have
t
I (t) =−Vemf
R

hap
=− 7.5 # 120π sin (120πt − 30c)

l e C 500
=− 5.7 sin (120πt − 30c)
(R = 250 + 250 = 500 Ω)

SOL 6.2.11

mp
Option (A) is correct.
As shown in figure the bar is sliding away from origin.

S a
Now when the bar is located at a distance dx from the voltmeter, then, the vector
area of the loop formed by rail and the bar is
dS = (20 # 10−2) (dx) az
So, the total magnetic flux passing through the loop is
1.6 8t ^1 + 0.4t2hB
3

# #
x
−2
Φ = B : dS = (8x az ) (20 # 10 dxaz ) =
2
S 0 3
Therefore, the induced e.m.f. in the loop is given as
Vemf =− dΦ =− 1.6 # 3 ^t + 0.4t3h2 # (1 + 1.2t2)
dt 3
Vemf =− 1.6 6^0.4h + ^0.4h4@ # 61 + (1.2) (0.4) 2@ (t = 0.4 sec )
2

=− 0.35 volt
Since the voltmeter is connected in same manner as the direction of induced emf
(determined by Lenz’s law).
So the voltmeter reading will be
V = Vemf =− 0.35 volt
SOL 6.2.12 Option (D) is correct.
Since the position of bar is give as
x = t ^1 + 0.4t2h
So for the position x = 12 cm we have
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 385

0.12 = t ^1 + 0.4t2h
or, t = 0.1193 sec
As calculated in previous question, the induced emf in the loop at a particular time
t is
Vemf =−^1.6h6t + 0.4t3@2 ^1 + 1.2t2h
So, at t = 0.1193 sec ,
Vemf =− 1.6 7(0.1193) + 0.4 ^0.1193h3A 61 + ^1.2h^0.1193h2@
2

=− 0.02344 =− 23.4 mV
Since the voltmeter is connected in same manner as the direction of induced emf
as determined by Lenz’s law. Therefore, the voltmeter reading at x = 12 cm will be
V = Vemf =− 23.4 mvolt
SOL 6.2.13 Option (A) is correct.
Consider the mutual inductance between the rectangular loop and straight wire be

er
M . So applying KVL in the rectangular loop we get,
M di1 = L di2 + Ri2
t
p
...(1)
dt dt

ha
Now from the shown figure (b), the current flowing in the straight wire is given as
i1 = I1 u (t) − I1 u (t − T) (I1 is amplitude of the current)
or,

l e C di
dt
1
= I1 δ (t) − I1 δ (t − T) (2)

mp
So, at t = 0 di1 = I
dt 1

and

S a
Solving it we get
MI1 = L di2 + Ri2
dt

i2 = M I1 e−^R/Lht
(from equation (1))

for 0 < t < T


L
Again in equation (2) at t = T we have
di1 =− I
1
dt
and − MI1 = L di2 + Ri2 (from equation (1))
dt
Solving it we get
i2 =− M I1 e−^R/Lh(t − T) for t > T
L
Thus, the current in the rectangular loop is
Z
]] M I1 e−^R/Lht 0<t<T
L
i2 = [
]− M I1 e− (R/L)(t − T) t > T
\ L
Plotting i2 versus t we get

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386 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

SOL 6.2.14 Option (A) is correct.


Total magnetic flux passing through the loop formed by the resistance, bar and the
rails is given as:
Φ = # B : dS
S

= B : S = 60.2 cos ωtax@ : 60.5 (1 − y) ax@

ter
= 0.1 61 − 0.5 ^1 − cos ωt h@ cos ωt (y = 0.5 ^1 − cos ωt h m )

So, the induced emf in the loop is


hap
= 0.05 cos ωt ^1 + cos ωt h = 0.05 ^cos ωt + cos2 ωt h

l e C
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
and as determined by Lenz’s law, the induced current will be flowing in opposite

mp
direction to the current i . So the current i in the loop will be
i =−Vemf =− 1 b− dΦ l

S a R R dt
= 0.05 6− ω sin ωt − 2ω cos ωt sin ωt@
5
=− 0.01ω sin ωt ^1 + 2 cos ωt h
SOL 6.2.15 Option (D) is correct.
Given the electric flux density in the medium is
D = 1.33 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay μC/m2
So, the electric field intensity in the medium is given as
E =D where ε is the permittivity of the medium
ε
1.33 # 10−6 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h
or, E = D = ay ( εr = 10 )
εr ε0 10 # 8.85 # 10−12
= 1.5 # 10 4 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay
Now, from maxwell’s equation we have
d # E =−2B
2t
or, 2B =− d E
#
2t
2E
=− y az
2x
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 387

=− (− 0.2) # ^1.5 # 10 4h cos ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay


= 3 # 103 cos ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay
Integrating both sides, we get the magnetic flux density in the medium as
B = # 3 # 10 cos ^3 # 10 t − 0.2x ha
3 8
y

= 3 # 108 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay


3

3 # 10
= 10−5 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay Tesla
Therefore the magnetic field intensity in the medium is
H =B= B
μ μr μ0
10 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h
−5
= μr = 2
2 # 4π # 10−7
Thus H = 4 sin ^3 # 108 t − 0.2x h ay A/m
SOL 6.2.16 Option (D) is correct.

ter
Given the magnetic field intensity in the medium is
H = cos ^1010 t − bx h az A/m
Now from the Maxwell’s equation, we have
d # H = 2D
hap
or,
l e C 2t
^
2D =−2Hz a =− b sin 1010 t − bx a
2x y
h y

p
2t
# D = − b sin ^1010 t − bx h dt + C

m
where C is a constant.

S a
Since no D.C. field is present in the medium so, we get C = 0 and therefore,
D = b10 cos ^1010 t − bx h ay C/m2
10
and the electric field intensity in the medium is given as
E =D = b cos ^1010t − bx h ay (ε = 0.12 nF/m )
ε 0.12 # 10−9 # 1010
Again From the Maxwell’s equation
d # E =−2B
2t
# :1.2 cos ^10 − bx h ayD
or, 2B =− d b 10t
2t
=− b sin ^1010t − bx h az
2

1.2
So, the magnetic flux density in the medium is
B =− b sin ^1010t − bx h az dt
2
# 1.2

10 cos ^10 t − bx h a z
= b2 10
(1)
(1.2) # 10
We can also determine the value of magnetic flux density as :
B = μH

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388 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

= (3 # 10−5) cos ^1010 t − bx h az (2)


Comparing the results of equation (1) and (2) we get,
b2 −5
10 = 3 # 10
(1.2) # 10
b2 = 3.6 # 105
b = ! 600 rad/m
SOL 6.2.17 Option (B) is correct.

ter
A= # 4π R x
a dx
hap
The magnetic vector potential for a direct current flowing in a filament is given as
μ0 I

e C
Here current I (t) flowing in the filament shown in figure is varying with time as

l I (t) = 8t A

mp
So, the retarded vector potential at the point P will be given as
# μ0 I ^t − R/c h

Sa
A= ax dx
4π R
where R is the distance of any point on the filamentary current from P as shown
in the figure and c is the velocity of waves in free space. So, we have
R = x2 + 4 and c = 3 # 108 m/s
0.1 μ0 8 ^t − R/c h
Therefore, A= # x =− 0.1 4π R
ax dx
8μ 0.1 0.1
= 0< # t
#
dx − 1 dx
F
4π −0.1 x + 4 2
−0.1 c

= 8 # 10−7 t 8ln ^x + x2 + 4 hB−0.1 − 8 # 10 8 6x @−0.01.1


0.1 −7

3 # 10
= 8 # 10−7 t ln e 0.1 + 4.01 o − 0.53 # 10−15
− 0.1 + 4.01
= 8 # 10 t − 0.53 # 10−15
−8

or, A = ^80t − 5.3 # 10−7h ax nWb/m (1)


−9
So, when A = 0 t = 6.6 # 10 = 6.6 n sec
and when t = 0 A =− 5.3 # 10−7 nWb/m
From equation (1) it is clear that A will be linearly increasing with respect to time.
Therefore the plot of A versus t is

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 389

Note : Time varying potential is usually called the retarded potential.


SOL 6.2.18 Option (C) is correct.
Given
Retarded scalar potential, V = y ^x − ct h volt
and retarded vector potential, A = y a x − t k ax Wb/m
c

ter
Now the magnetic flux density in the medium is given as
B = d#A
2A
hap
=− y az = at − x k az Tesla (1)

C
2y c

p e
So, the magnetic field intensity in the medium is

l H =B
μ0
( μ0 is the permittivity of the medium)

S am = 1 at − x k az A/m
μ0 c
and the electric field intensity in the medium is given as
(2)

E =− dV − 2A
2t
=−^x − ct h ay − yax + yax = ^ct − x h ay (3)
So, the electric flux density in the medium is
D = ε0 E ( ε0 is the permittivity of the medium)
= ε0 ^ct − x h ay C/m 2
(4)
Now we determine the condition for the field to satisfy all the four Maxwell’s
equation.
(i) d : D = ρv
or, ρv = d : 6ε0 ^ct − x h ay@ (from equation (4))
=0
It means the field satisfies Maxwell’s equation if ρv = 0 .
(ii) d:B = 0
Now, d : B = d : 9at − x k azC = 0 (from equation (1))
c
So, it already, satisfies Maxwell’s equation
(iii) d # H = J + 2D
2t

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390 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

Now, d # H =−2Hz ay = 1 ay = ε0 a (from equation (2))


2x μ0 c μ0 y
and from equation (4) we have
2D = ε ca = ε0 a (Since in free space c = 1 )
2t 0 y
μ0
y
μ0 ε0
Putting the two results in Maxwell’s equation, we get the condition
J =0
(iv) d # E =−2B
2t
2Ey
Now d#E = a =− az
2x z
2B = a
z
2t
So, it already satisfies Maxwell’s equation. Thus, by combining all the results
we get the two required conditions as J = 0 and ρv = 0 for the field to satisfy
Maxwell’s equation.

ter
SOL 6.2.19 Option (B) is correct.
Given the electric field in time domain as

hap
E = 5 sin ^10πy h cos ^6π # 109 − bx h az

e C
Comparing it with the general equation for electric field intensity given as
E = E 0 cos ^ωt − βx h az
l
We get,

mp
ω = 6π # 109
Now in phasor form, the electric field intensity is

S a Es = 5 sin ^10πy h e−jbx az


From Maxwell’s equation we get the magnetic field intensity as
Hs =− 1 ^d # Es h =
j 2Esz
(1)

ωμ0 < 2y x 2x yF
a − 2Esz a
jωμ0
50π cos ^10πy h e−jbx ax + j5b sin ^10πy h ay@ e−jbx
ωμ0 6
j
=
Again from Maxwell’s equation we have the electric field intensity as
Es = 1 ^d # Hs h = 1 < sy − 2Hsx F az
2H
jωε0 jωε0 2x 2y
= 2 1 6(j5b) (− jb) sin (10πy) e−jbx + (50π) (10π) sin (10πy) e−jbx@ az
ω μ0 ε0
= 2 1 65b2 + 500π2@ sin 10πye−jbx az
ω μ0 ε0
Comparing this result with equation (1) we get
1
^5b2 + 500π2h = 5
ω μ0 ε0
2

or, b2 + 100π2 = ω2 μ0 ε0

b2 + 100π2 = ^6π # 109h2 # 1


b ω = 6π # 10 ,
9
μ0 ε0 = 1 l
^ # 108h c
2
3
b2 + 100π2 = 400π2

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 391

b2 = 300π2
b = ! 300 π rad/m
SOL 6.2.20 Option (A) is correct.
The force experienced by a test charge q in presence of both electric field E and
magnetic field B in the region will be evaluated by using Lorentz force equation as
F = q ^E + v # B h
So, putting the given three forces and their corresponding velocities in above
equation we get the following relations
q ^ay + az h = q ^E + ax # B h (1)
qay = q ^E + ay # B h (2)
q ^2ay + az h = q ^E + az # B h (3)
Subtracting equation (2) from (1) we get
az = ^ax − ay h # B (4)

r
and subtracting equation (1) from (3) we get
ay = ^az − ax h # B

te
Now we substitute B = Bx ax + By ay + Bz az in eq (4) to get
p
(5)

ha
a z = By a z − B z ay + B x a z − B z a x
So, comparing the x, y and z components of the two sides we get

and
l e C
B x + By = 1
Bz = 0

mp
Again by substituting B = Bx ax + By ay + Bz az in eq (5), we get
ay = B x ay − By a x − By a z + B z ay

and
a
So, comparing the x, y and z components of the two sides we get

S Bx + Bz = 1
By = 0
as calculated above Bz = 0 , therefore Bx = 1
Thus, the magnetic flux density in the region is
B = ax Wb/m2 (Bx = 1, By = Bz = 0 )
SOL 6.2.21 Option (C) is correct.
As calculated in previous question the magnetic flux density in the region is
B = ax Wb/m2
So, putting it in Lorentz force equation we get
F = q ^E + V # B h
or, q ^ay + az h = q ^E + ax # ax h
Therefore, the electric field intensity in the medium is
E = ay + az V/m
SOL 6.2.22 Option (A) is correct.
Given the magnetic flux density through the loop is
B =− 2/x az
So the total magnetic flux passing through the loop is given as

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392 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

b− x az l : ^− dxdyaz h
x+2 y+2
Φ = # B : dS = #
x
#
y
2

= b 2 ln x + 2 l^2 h = 4 ln b x + 2 l
x x
Therefore, the circulation of induced electric field in the loop is
# E : dl =− dΦ =− d ;4 ln b x + 2 lE
C dt dt x
d x+2
x + 2 dt b x l
=− 4
b x l

=− 4x b− 22 dx l
x + 2 x dt
= 8
^2 h = 16 b dt = v = 2ax l
dx
x ^x + 2h x ^x + 2h
SOL 6.2.23 Option (A) is correct.

er
As the magnetic flux density for ρ < 4 is B = 0 so, the total flux passing through

t
the closed loop defined by ρ = 4 m is
Φ = # B : dS = 0
hap
So, the induced electric field circulation for the region ρ < 4 m is given as
#
C

l e C
E : dl =− dΦ = 0
dt

SOL 6.2.24
or,

mp E =0
Option (B) is correct.
for ρ < 4 m

S a
As the magnetic field for the region ρ < 4 m and ρ > 5 m is zero so we get the
distribution of magnetic flux density as shown in figure below.

At any distance ρ from origin in the region 4 < ρ < 5 m , the circulation of induced
electric field is given as
# E : dl =− dΦ =− d b B : dS l
#
C dt dt
=− d 82 sin ωt ^πρ2 − π42hB
dt

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 393

=− 2ω cos ωt ^πρ2 − 16πh


or, E ^2πρh =− 2ω cos ωt ^πρ2 − 16πh
2 ^ρ2 − 16h ω cos ωt
E =−

So, the induced electric field intensity at ρ = 4.5 m is
E =− 2 (^4.5) 2 − 16h ω cos ωt
4.5
=− 17 ω cos ωt
18
SOL 6.2.25 Option (B) is correct.
For the region ρ > 5 m the magnetic flux density is 0 and so the total magnetic flux
passing through the closed loop defined by ρ = 5 m is
5 4 5
Φ = # B : dS = # B : dS + # B : dS
r
0 0 4

= 0 + # ^2 sin ωt h a : dS
e
5

t
z
4

hap
= ^2 sin ωt h8π ^5 h2 − π ^4h2B = 18π sin ωt
So, the circulation of magnetic flux density for any loop in the region ρ > 5 m is

C

# E : dl =−
dt

pl eE (2πρ) =− d ^18π sin ωt h


dt
=− 18πω cos ωt

S am
So, the induced electric field intensity in the region ρ > 5 m is
E = − 18πω cos ωt aφ
2πρ

=− 9 ω cos ωtaφ
ρ
SOL 6.2.26 Option (A) is correct.
Let the test charge be q coulomb So the force presence of experienced by the test
charge in the presence of magnetic field is
F = q ^v # B h ...(i)
and the force experienced can be written in terms of the electric field intensity as
F = qE
Where E is field viewed by observer moving with test charge.
Putting it in Eq. (i)
qE = q ^v # B h
E = ^ωρaφh # ^2az h
where ω is angular velocity and ρ is radius of circular loop.
= ^2 h^2 h^2 h a ρ = 8a ρ V/m
SOL 6.2.27 Option (C) is correct.
Let the point change located at origin be Q and the current I is flowing out of the

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394 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

page through the closed triangular path as shown in the figure.

As the current I flows away from the point charge along the wire, the net charge
at origin will change with increasing time and given as
dQ
dt
=− I

ter
p
So the electric field intensity will also vary through the surface and for the varying

ha
field circulation of magnetic field intensity around the triangular loop is defined as
# H : dl = 6Id@enc + 6Ic@enc

l e C
where 6Ic@enc is the actual flow of charge called enclosed conduction current and
6Id@enc is the current due to the varying field called enclosed displacement current

m p
which is given as
# 6Id@enc = dt
d
^ε0 E h : dS = dt
#
d D : dS

Sa #
(1)
S S

From symmetry the total electric flux passing through the triangular surface is
Q
D : dS =
S 8
So, 6Id@enc = dt b 8 l 8 dt
d Q = 1 dQ =− I
8
(from equation (1))
Where as 6Ic@enc = I
So, the net circulation of the magnetic field intensity around the closed triangular
loop is
# H : dl = 6Id@enc + 6Ic@enc
C

=− I + I = 7 ^8 h = 7 A (I = 8 A )
8 8
SOL 6.2.28 Option (D) is correct.
The distribution of magnetic flux density and the resistance in the circuit are same
as given in section A (Q. 31) so, as calculated in the question, the two voltage drops
in the loop due to magnetic flux density B = 0.1t az are
V1 = 33.3 mV
and V2 = 66.67 mV = 66.7 mV
Now V3 (voltmeter) which is directly connected to terminal cd is in parallel to
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 395

both V2 and V1 . It must be kept in mind that the loop formed by voltmeter V3 and
resistance 2 Ω also carries the magnetic flux density crossing through it. So, in this
loop the induced emf will be produced which will be same as the field produced in
loop abcd at the enclosed fluxes will be same.
Therefore as calculated above induced emf in the loop of V3 is
Vemf = 100 mV
According to lenz’s law it’s polarity will be opposite to V3 and so
− Vemf = V1 + V3
or, V3 = 100 − 33.3 = 66.7 mV
SOL 6.2.29 Option (D) is correct.
The induced emf in a closed loop is defined as
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
where Φ is the total magnetic flux passing through the square loop

ter
At any time t , angle between B and dS is θ since B is in ay direction so the total
magnetic flux passing through the square loop is
Φ = # B : dS
= ^B h^S h cos θ
hap
l e C = ^5 # 10−3h^20 # 10−3 # 20 # 10−3h cos θ
= 2 # 10−6 cos θ

mp
Therefore the induced emf in the loop is
Vemf =− dΦ =− 2 # 10−6 d ^cos θh = 2 # 10−6 sin θ dθ

and as
S a dt dt
dθ = angular velocity = 2 rad/ sec
dt
dt

So, Vemf = ^2 # 10−6h sin θ ^2 h = 4 # 10−6 sin θ V/m = 4 sin θ μV/m


SOL 6.2.30 Option (B) is correct.
As calculated in previous question the induced emf in the closed square loop is
Vemf = 4 sin θ μV/m
So the induced current in the loop is
I = Vemf where R is the resistance in the loop.
R
−6
= 4 sin θ # 10
−3 ( R = 40 mΩ )
40 # 10
= 0.1 sin θ mA
SOL 6.2.31 Option (C) is correct.
The total magnetic flux through the square loop is given as
Φ = B : dS = ^B 0 sin ωt h^S h cos θ
#
So, the induced emf in the loop is
Vemf =− dΦ =− d 6(B 0 sin ωt) (S) cos θ@
dt dt

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396 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

=− B 0 S d 6sin ωt cos ωt@ ( θ = ωt )


dt
=− B 0 S cos 2ωt
Thus, the maximum value of induced emf is
Vemf = B 0 Sω
SOL 6.2.32 Option (B) is correct.
As calculated in previous question the maximum induced voltage in the rotating
loop is given as
Vemf = B 0 Sω
From the given data, we have
B 0 = 0.25 Wb/m2
S = 64 cm2 = 64 # 10−4 m2
and ω = 60 # 2π = 377 rad/ sec (In one revolution 2π radian is covered)
So, the r.m.s. value of the induced voltage is
6Vemf@r.m.s =
1 V
emf =
er ^
1 B Sω = 1 0.25 64 10−4 377
0

t # # # h

p
2 2 2

ha
= 0.4265
Since the loop has 50 turns so net induced voltage will be 50 times the calculated
value.
i.e.

l e C
6Vemf@r.m.s = 50 # ^0.4265h = 21.33 volt
SOL 6.2.33

mp
Option (C) is correct.
e.m.f. induced in the loop due to the magnetic flux density is given as

S a Vemf =−2Φ =− 2 ^10 cos 120πt h^πρ2h


2t 2t
=− π ^10 # 10−2h2 # ^120πh^− 10 sin 120πt h
= 12π2 sin 120πt
As determined by Lenz’s law the polarity of induced e.m.f will be such that b is at
positive terminal with respect to a .
i.e. Vba = Vemf = 12π2 sin 120πt
or Vab =− 12π2 sin 120πt =− 118.43 sin 120πt Volt
SOL 6.2.34 Option (D) is correct.
As calculated in previous question, the voltage induced in the loop is
Vab =− 12π2 sin 120πt
Therefore, the current flowing in the loop is given as
I ^ t h =− Vab = 12π sin 120πt
2

250 250
= 0.47 sin 120πt

***********

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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 397

SOLUTIONS 6.3

SOL 6.3.1 Option (C) is correct.


Given, the magnetic flux density in air as
y
B = B0 c 2 x 2 ay − 2 ax m ...(1)
x +y x + y2
Now, we transform the expression in cylindrical system, substituting
x = r cos φ and y = r sin φ

and
ax = cos φar − sin φaφ
ay = sin φar + cos φaφ
ter
So, we get B = B0 aφ

B a
hap
Therefore, the magnetic field intensity in air is given as
H = B = 0 φ , which is constant

l e C μ0 μ0
So, the current density of the field is

SOL 6.3.2

mp J = d#H = 0
Option (D) is correct.
(since H is constant)

S a
Maxwell equations for an EM wave is given as
d:B = 0
d:E = v
ρ
ε
d # E =−2B
2t
d#H = 2 D +J
2t
So, for static electric magnetic fields
d:B = 0
d : E = ρv /ε
b 2t = 0 l
d#E = 0 2B

b 2t = 0 l
d#H = J 2D

SOL 6.3.3 Option (D) is correct.


d # H = J + 2D Maxwell Equations
2t
##S ^d # H h : dS = ##S `J + 22Dt j : dS Integral form

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398 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

# H : dl = ##S bJ +2
2t l
D : dS Stokes Theorem

SOL 6.3.4 Option (C) is correct.


From Maxwells equations we have
d # H = 2D + J
2t
Thus, d # H has unit of current density J (i.e., A/m2 )
SOL 6.3.5 Option (A) is correct.
This equation is based on Ampere’s law as from Ampere’s circuital law we have
# H $ dl = Ienclosed
l

or, #l H $ dl = #S J : dS
Applying Stoke’s theorem we get
# ^d # H h $ dS = # J : dS
S

d#H = J
S

ter
hap
Then, it is modified using continuity equation as
d # H = J + 2D
SOL 6.3.6

e C
Option (D) is correct.

l
2t

When a moving circuit is put in a time varying magnetic field induced emf have

mp
two components. One due to time variation of magnetic flux density B and other
due to the motion of circuit in the field.
SOL 6.3.7

S a
Option (C) is correct.
From maxwell equation we have
d # H = J + 2D
2t
The term 2D defines displacement current.
2t
SOL 6.3.8 Option (C) is correct.
Emf induced in a loop carrying a time varying magnetic flux Φ is defined as
Vemf =− dΦ
dt
9 =− d b 1 λt3 l
dt 3
9 =− λt2
at time, t = 3 s , we have
9 =− λ ^3h2
λ =− 1 Wb/s2
SOL 6.3.9 Option (B) is correct.
According to Lenz’s law the induced emf (or induced current) in a loop flows such
as to produce a magnetic field that opposed the change in B . The direction of the
magnetic field produced by the current is determined by right hand rule.
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 399

Now, in figure (1), B directed upwarded increases with time where as the field
produced by current I is downward so, it obey’s the Lenz’s law.
In figure (2), B directed upward is decreasing with time whereas the field produced
by current I is downwards (i.e. additive to the change in B ) so, it doesn’t obey
Lenz’s law.
In figure (3), B directed upward is decreasing with time where as current I produces
the field directed upwards (i.e. opposite to the change in B ) So, it also obeys Lenz’s
law.
In figure (4), B directed upward is increasing with time whereas current I produces
field directed upward (i.e. additive to the change in B ) So, it doesn’t obey Lenz’s
law.
Thus, the configuration 1 and 3 are correct.
SOL 6.3.10 Option (C) is correct.

r
Faraday’s law states that for time varying field,
d # E =−2B
2t

pte
ha
Since, the curl of gradient of a scalar function is always zero
i.e. d # ^dV h = 0

l C
So, the expression for the field, E =− dV must include some other terms is

e E =− dV − 2A
2t

mp
i.e. A is true but R is false.
Option (B) is correct.

a
SOL 6.3.11

SOL 6.3.12
S
Faraday develops the concept of time varying electric field producing a magnetic
field. The law he gave related to the theory is known as Faraday’s law.
Option (D) is correct.
Given, the area of loop
S = 5 m2
Rate of change of flux density,
2B = 2 Wb/m2 /S
2t
So, the emf in the loop is
Vemf =− 2 B : dS = ^5 h^− 2h =− 10 V
#
2t
SOL 6.3.13 Option (D) is correct.
The modified Maxwell’s differential equation.
d # H = J + 2D
2t
This equation is derived from Ampere’s circuital law which is given as
# H : dl = Ienc
# ^d # H h : dS = # JdS
d#H = J
GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics
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400 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

SOL 6.3.14 Option (B) is correct.


Electric potential of an isolated sphere is defined as
C = 4πε0 a (free space)
The Maxwell’s equation in phasor form is written as
d # H = jωεE + σE = jωεE + J ^J = σE h
So A and R both are true individually but R is not the correct explanation of A.
SOL 6.3.15 Option (A) is correct.
If a coil is placed in a time varying magnetic field then the e.m.f. will induce in coil.
So here in both the coil e.m.f. will be induced.
SOL 6.3.16 Option (B) is correct.
Both the statements are individually correct but R is not explanation of A.
SOL 6.3.17 Option (B) is correct.
d # H = J + 2D ^a " 3h
Ampere’s law

d # E = 2B
2t

ter ^b " 4h

p
Faraday’ law
2t

ha
Gauss law d : D = ρv ^c " 1h

^d " 2h
SOL 6.3.18

l e C
Current continuity d : J =−
Option (B) is correct.
2t

mp
Since, the magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the ring is decreasing with
time so, according to Faraday’s law emf induced in both the ring is

S a #Vemf =− 2 B : dS
2t
Therefore, emf will be induced in both the rings.
SOL 6.3.19 Option (A) is correct.
The Basic idea of radiation is given by the two Maxwells equation
d # H = 2D
2t
d # E =−2B
2t
SOL 6.3.20 Option (B) is correct.
The correct maxwell’s equation are
d # H = J + 2D d:D = ρ
2t
d # E =−2B d:B = 0
2t
SOL 6.3.21 Option (B) is correct.
In List I
a. #B : dS = 0
The surface integral of magnetic flux density over the closed surface is zero or in
other words, net outward magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero. ^a " 4h
b. # D : dS = # ρ dv
v
v

GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics


Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA ISBN: 9788192348384
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 401

Total outward electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed
in the region. ^b " 3h
c. #
E : dl =− 2B dS
2t #
i.e. The line integral of the electric field intensity around a closed path is equal to
the surface integral of the time derivative of magnetic flux density ^c " 2h
d. # H : dS = b 2
#D + J l da
2t
i.e. The line integral of magnetic field intensity around a closed path is equal to the
surface integral of sum of the current density and time derivative of electric flux
density. ^d " 1h
SOL 6.3.22 Option (D) is correct.
The continuity equation is given as
d : J =− ρv

er
i.e. it relates current density ^J h and charge density ρv .

t
SOL 6.3.23 Option (C) is correct.
Given Maxwell’s equation is
d # H = Jc + 2D
hap
l e C 2t
For free space, conductivity, σ = 0 and so,

mp Jc = σE = 0
Therefore, we have the generalized equation

SOL 6.3.24
S a d # H = 2D
Option (A) is correct.
2t

Given the magnetic field intensity,


H = 3ax + 7yay + 2xaz
So from Ampere’s circuital law we have
J = d#H
a x ay a z
= 22x 22y 22z
3 7y 2x
= ax ^0 h − ay ^2 − 0h + az ^0 h =− 2ay
SOL 6.3.25 Option (A) is correct.
The emf in the loop will be induced due to motion of the loop as well as the
variation in magnetic field given as
Vemf =− 2B dS + ^v # B h dl
# #
2t
So, the frequencies for the induced e.m.f. in the loop is ω1 and ω2 .
SOL 6.3.26 Option (B) is correct.
F = Q ^E + v # B h is Lorentz force equation.

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Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA ISBN: 9788192348384
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402 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

SOL 6.3.27 Option (A) is correct.


All of the given expressions are Maxwell’s equation.
SOL 6.3.28 Option (A) is correct.
The direction of magnetic flux due to the current ‘i ’ in the conductor is determined
by right hand rule. So, we get the flux through A is pointing into the paper while
the flux through B is pointing out of the paper.
According to Lenz’s law the induced e.m.f. opposes the flux that causes it. So again
by using right hand rule we get the direction of induced e.m.f. is anticlockwise in
A and clockwise in B .
SOL 6.3.29 Option (D) is correct.
d2 A =− μ0 J
This is the wave equation for static electromagnetic field.
i.e. It is not Maxwell’s equation.
SOL 6.3.30 Option (B) is correct.

ter
p
Poission’s equation for an electric field is given as

ha
ρ
d2 V =− v
ε

C
where, V is the electric potential at the point and ρv is the volume charge density

e
in the region. So, for ρv = 0 we get,

ld2 V = 0

p
Which is Laplacian equation.

m
SOL 6.3.31

S a
Option (B) is correct.
Continuity equation d # J =− v

2t
^a " 4h

Ampere’s law d # H = J + 2D ^b " 1h


2t
Displacement current J = 2D ^c " 2h
2t
Faraday’ law d # E =−2B ^d " 3h
2t
SOL 6.3.32 Option (B) is correct.
A static electric field in a charge free region is defined as
d:E = 0 ^a " 4h
and d#E = 0
A static electric field in a charged region have
ρ
d:E = v ! 0
ε ^b " 2h
and d#E = 0
A steady magnetic field in a current carrying conductor have
d:B = 0 ^c " 1h
d # B = μ0 J ! 0
A time varying electric field in a charged medium with time varying magnetic field
GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics
Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
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Chap 6 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations 403

have
d # E =−2B ! 0 ^d " 3h
2t
ρ
d:E = v ! 0
ε
SOL 6.3.33 Option (C) is correct.
V =− dΦm
dt
It is Faraday’s law that states that the change in flux through any loop induces
e.m.f. in the loop.
SOL 6.3.34 Option (B) is correct.
From stokes theorem, we have
# ^d # E h : dS = # E : dl (1)
Given, the Maxwell’s equation
d # E =− (2B/2t)

t
Putting this expression in equation (1) we get,
er
#
E : dl =− 2 B : dS
Option (B) is correct.
2t s #
hap
C
SOL 6.3.35
Induced emf in a coil of N turns is defined as

pl e Vemf =− N dΦ
dt
where Φ is flux linking the coil. So, we get

S am Vemf =− 100 d ^t3 − 2t h


dt
=− 100 ^3t2 − 2h =− 100 _3 ^2 h2 − 2i =− 1000 mV (at t = 2 s )
=− 1 V
SOL 6.3.36 Option (D) is correct.
Since, the flux linking through both the coil is varying with time so, emf are
induced in both the coils.
Since, the loop 2 is split so, no current flows in it and so joule heating does not
occur in coil 2 while the joule heating occurs in closed loop 1 as current flows in it.
Therefore, only statement 2 is correct.
SOL 6.3.37 Option (C) is correct.
The electric field intensity is
E = E 0 e jωt where E 0 is independent of time
So, from Maxwell’s equation we have
d # H = J + ε2E
2t
= σE + ε ^ jωh E 0 e jωt = σE + jωεE
SOL 6.3.38 Option (C) is correct.
Equation (1) and (3) are not the Maxwell’s equation.

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Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA ISBN: 9788192348384
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404 Time Varying Fields and Maxwells's Equations Chap 6

SOL 6.3.39 Option (A) is correct.


From the Maxwell’s equation for a static field (DC) we have
d # B = μ0 J
d # ^d # Ah = μ0 J
d ^d : Ah − d2A = μ0 J
For static field (DC), d:A = 0
therefore we have, d2A =− μ0 J
So, both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
SOL 6.3.40 Option (A) is correct.
For a static field, Maxwells equation is defined as
d#H = J
and since divergence of the curl is zero
i.e. d : ^d # H h = 0
d:J = 0

ter
but in the time varying field, from continuity equation (conservation of charges)

d : J =− v ! 0
2t

hap
So, an additional term is included in the Maxwell’s equation.
i.e.

l e C
d # H = J + 2D
2t
where 2D is displacement current density which is a necessary term.
2t

mp
Therefore A and R both are true and R is correct explanation of A.
SOL 6.3.41

S a
Option (A) is correct.
For any loop to have an induced e.m.f., magnetic flux lines must link with the coil.
Observing all the given figures we conclude that loop C1 and C2 carries the flux
lines through it and so both the loop will have an induced e.m.f.
SOL 6.3.42 Option (C) is correct.
Since, the circular loop is rotating about the y -axis as a diameter and the flux
lines is directed in ax direction. So, due to rotation magnetic flux changes and as
the flux density is function of time so, the magnetic flux also varies w.r.t time and
therefore the induced e.m.f. in the loop is due to a combination of transformer and
motional e.m.f. both.
SOL 6.3.43 Option (C) is correct.
Gauss’s law d:D = ρ ^a " 1h
Ampere’s law d # H = Jc + 2D ^b " 5h
2t
Faraday’s law d # E =− 2 B
^c " 2h
2t
Poynting vector P = E#H ^d " 3h

***********
GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics
Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA ISBN: 9788192348384

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