DESIGN BASIS REPORT

ELECTRICAL

HOTEL BUILDING FOR Mrs. SAHIBJAN

SERVICES CONSULTANT

#1, Adithya Apartments,

Kowdiar, Trivandrum – 695003
 Design Basis Report

Table 1: Revision History

Revision Date Description

R0 28.12.2016 INITIAL

Table 2: Approval

Sumanam
Engineering
Date CLIENT
Services Consultant Remarks

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 Design Basis Report

Sl. PAGE
No LIST OF CONTENT NO

1.0 GENERAL 04

2.0 LOAD ESTIMATION 05

3.0 LOAD CALCULATION 06

4.0 PRIMARY POWER SUPPLY 07

5.0 SELECTION OF TRANSFORMER 08

6.0 SELECTION OF GENERATOR 08

7.0 DISTRIBUTION OF POWER 09

8.0 UPS 10

9.0 EARTHING & LIGTHNING PROTECTION 11

10.0 CABLES 11

11.0 WIRING 12

12.0 HALLWAY LIGHTING 12

13.0 OCCUPANCY SENSOR 13

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1.0 GENERAL

The Building

The proposed hotel project IS at Eenchakal, Trivandrum.

Total built up area is approximately 3299 Sqm. The building consists of

two basements, Ground + 4 Floors and terrace. The master plan for the
project consists of the following.

Floor Details No of rooms Area

Basement Car Parking - 11 Nos 501.00
Mezzanine basement Car Parking - 11 Nos 501.00
Kitchen, restaurant, Reception &
Ground floor 421.20
Lobby

First floor 6 Roo,+ Boad room + Banquet Hall 421.20

Second floor 10 Room + 1 Suit room 421.20

Third floor 10 Room + 1 Suit room 421.20
Fourth floor 10 Room + 1 Suit room 421.20
Terrace Open restaurant / Services 191.34
Total Area (Sqm) 3,299.34

2. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
A. CODES AND STANDARDS
The Electrical system design is conformed to the requirements of the
following Standards:

a. Indian Electricity Rules.

b. National Electrical Code of India.

c. National Building Code of India (NBC).

d. Applicable standards issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards

(BIS)

e. Regulations of local fire authorities.

f. Requirements stipulated by Pollution Control Board for noise, air &

water pollution.

B. ELECTRICAL LOAD ESTIMATION

Lighting
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Lighting for the proposed project is designed as per the norms of National
Electric Code (NEC), National Building Code (NBC) and Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) and standards set out by Starwood Hotels.

Lighting system is designed based on the following criteria:

a. Visual Performance
b. Visual Comfort
c. Energy Efficiency & Conservation
d. Cost Effectiveness
e. Maintenance factor
Additional local lightings are provided in each place to suit the location
and purpose.

The lighting level details for different types of areas are tabulated below.

Sl. No Areas Lux level

1 Office Rooms 300-350 Lux
2 Meeting Room 300-450 Lux
3 Corridor 150 Lux
4 Board Room/GM Room 400-500 Lux
5 Hotel Guest room 50-100 Lux
6 Common area 150-200 Lux
7 Toilets 100 Lux
Load Calculation
The split up of the load calculation is as follows:-.

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STARWOOD HOTELS
Abstract Load Chart

Location Raw Power UPS Power Total Load

Seventh Floor including HVAC 92 1 93

Sixth Floor including HVAC 99 1 100
Fifth Floor including HVAC 94 1 95
Fourth Floor including HVAC 97 1 98
Third Floor including HVAC 97 1 98
Second Floor including HVAC 106 1 107
First Floor including HVAC + Kitchen 329 4 333
Mezzanine + HVAC 32 3 35
Ground Floor 117 8 125
Landscape Lighting 5 5

AC Load 600
Plumbing Load 178
Fire 124
Lift Load 63
Future Expansion 420
Total Load 2474

Demand Factor and Power Factor

The electrical load of the Hotel is estimated with the following technical
parameters considering the green building concept:

Transformer:
Demand Factor = 0.6
Power Factor = 0.95
Maximum demand calculated as 1563 kVA
Therefore we recommend for two Transformers of 1000 kVA each.

Back up power with Diesel Generators:

Demand Factor = 0.5
Power Factor = 0.8
Max demand is 1280 kVA
Diesel generator selected is 625 kVA one number, 400kVA one number
and 250 kVA one number which gives better flexibility.
C. PRIMARY POWER SUPPLY
11kV power is to be brought from the nearest supply point using
3Cx300sqmm 11 KV XLPE Aluminium UG cable to an RMU unit which will

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be located in the premises of the building. Even if in future a secondary

connection is needed the same can be taken from the RMU unit. From the
RMU, supply is fed to the HT panel located in the electrical room (MEP
room). There are two numbers of 11kV/433V 1000-kVA dry type cast resin
transformer with OLTC and RTCC. A spare VCB can be provided in the HT
panel for precaution.

D. GUEST ROOM DESIGN DETAILS

There are 120 guest rooms and 24 floating cottages. Sufficient number of
power sockets for the following are considered. Hairdryers, coffee maker,
mini refrigerator, Iron box, mobile and music system power out let, TV
and DVD points, set off box, data and telephone points etc All the
switches/sockets provided will be as per visual aesthetics and as per
requirement of Star wood specification and requirements. i.e., all the
electrical cords will be concealed from guest view which can be attained
by coordinating with the guestroom furnishing plan. A duplex electrical
outlet is provided for the refreshment center. The compatibility of all the
light fixtures and other necessary electrical co – related equipments like
lampshade, saddle socket and the power ratings will be thoroughly
checked. Automation for guest rooms will be as per Starwood Design
Requirements incorporating occupancy sensors where required. Light
points and power points inside the guest rooms is given as per Starwood
design requirements and additional with need. Electronic in-room control
system is considered for the guest rooms using low voltage system.

E. SELECTION OF TRANSFORMER
The transformers selected are two numbers of 1000 kVA dry type as per
the regulations and the calculations shown above. The transformers are
with OLTC, which maintains constant/stabilized voltage at all times using
RTTC. This will enable healthy working of electrical and electronic
equipments connected to the system. The system uses an AVR to sense
the LV voltage and adjust the tapping as required in order to obtain a
constant voltage output. The RTCC (remote tap changer controller) sends
signal to trigger the tap changing mechanism. The transformers are of

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dry type and hence can be placed in the electrical room inside the MEP
block.

F. SELECTION OF GENERATORS
The backup proposed for the hotel is considered as full backup including
HVAC system.
There will be provision for fuel storage, having a capacity of a minimum
of 48 hours running at full load so as to avoid hassles. An ideal location
for the Generator set installation after considering features like noise,
vibration, exhaust emissions, and heat removal is adjacent to the MEP
room. As per the present load calculation three numbers of diesel
generator sets of 625 kVA, 400 kVA and one number 250 kVA are
proposed by considering the flexibility of the load requirements. For any
future requirements a provision for connecting one more DG in the future
is considered.

The arrangement of the Generators set will be such that it will not cause
any hindrance to the safe evacuation of the building under emergency
conditions.

In the event of failure of grid supply, multiple generators will start as per
the loads from time to time. The automatic switching and the load
sharing will be controlled by the PLC system. The diesel generators are
having factory made acoustic enclosures with a reduced noise level less
than 70db at a distance of one meter from the acoustic enclosure.

G. DISTRIBUTION OF POWER

The power from the transformers is fed to the main panel using
Aluminium bus bar trunking. Both the transformers are coupled in Main
Panel using bus couplers considering redundancy. Even if one transformer
fails, almost 85 % of the maximum demand can be loaded in the other
transformer. Bus Risers are used to provide internal distribution of power
in the block from second floor to seventh floor avoiding bulk cables to be
run inside the hotel building. The main panel distributes power to the sub
panels for sub distribution. These are located in strategic load centres.

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Common Service Panel providing power to fire, lift and plumbing services
is located in the MEP block itself. HVAC panel is fed from the main panel
and will be located in the MEP room itself. MCCB Load banks used for
distributing power in each guest room floors are placed in service
corridors as no electrical room is provided in the floors. Separate
Distribution board is provided for each guest rooms with RCBO protection.
The main HVAC load as calculated is fed with Aluminium bus bar feeders
from the main panel. Schematic drawing is provided for closer review and
understanding. The DG supply is fed to the main panel after
synchronising using PLC panel. Siemens make relays or DIYFE relays are
used for the purpose of synchronization. CPRI approved vendors will be
fabricating all the panels. Mostly we are proposing to source factory
made panels. All panels shall be incorporated with integrated automated
extinguisher system utilising a sensing wire.

To maintain the power factor at 0.95, APFC panels are used. These panels
will have harmonic filters to reduce the third harmonic percentage to the
acceptable limit. As two numbers of transformers are used we have
included two APFC panels. With standard calculation two numbers 300
kVAr APFC panels are proposed which can handle future requirements
also. Capacitors shall be split in step of 100 kVAr x 1 + 50 kVAr x 3 + 25
kVAr x 2.

For distributing power to health club, cottages and external lighting

dedicated feeder pillars are considered. The power distribution for
floating cottages and floating restaurant are through dedicated feeder
pillars also, which are provided in the shore at a suitable location so that
water flooding will not be affected. From there submersible copper cables
will be used for sub-distribution. As currently we are not planning to
construct these cottages, additional spares are provided in the main
panel to accommodate for their loads in the future. For this one of the
transformers is loaded slightly lightly so as to handle future loads. This
can be seen in the schematic layout.

H. Uninterrupted Power supply

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UPS system protects critical equipments against over voltage, under

voltage and electrical noise and allows systems to safely shutdown
during prolonged blackouts. An Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) System
delivers clean continuous uninterrupted power to all electrical appliances.
They cater for all staircase lighting; IT rooms, mainly when calamities like
staircase shutdown occur. Here, a few light points are considered in
common areas such as corridors, kitchen and restaurants. All computers
in the office spaces and other areas are powered by UPS backup.
Signages, router and CCTV camera power and all staircase lights are also
considered in UPS load. Emergency light points powered by UPS are also
considered in guest rooms as per Starwood Design requirement. Parallel
redundant UPS system is considered for the project. A separate
dedicated UPS shall be provided for the server.

I. EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Earthing is done as per IS 3043, IS 2309, IEC 62305 part3, IEC 60364, IEC
62561 part 2, IS 3043. Earthing electrodes are designed based on the
fault level of the premises. Earth electrode proposed is Cu pipe of
required size. In general, electrode by using earth rods of required size for
both LT and HT sides are proposed to draw fault current to the earth. All
the electrical earth pits are linked together for dissipation of current
during lightning.
Lightning arrester is of prime importance to safe guard the entire building
at the time of heavy lightning strokes. The external lightning protection is
carried out as per IS 2309. Horizontal conductors and down conductors
are made of GI. Test joints are provided 2.7m above the ground level. All
the lightning earth pits are linked together for better dissipation of
current during thunder. Air terminals based on coverage shall be provided
in the roof of the building to draw the lightning to earth infecting any tall
structures in the roof of the building.
• The transformer neutrals will be solidly earthed.
• The DG neutrals will be earthed through Neutral Grounding
Resistor.
• The overall earth resistance will be limited to less than one Ohm.
• All earthing systems will be interconnected in the ground.

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As per IS 2309, smaller of the values of down conductor calculated based

on base area and perimeter of the building is taken for lightning
protection:
One down conductor for 100 sqm, and one down conductor for each 300
sqm or part thereof of the area in excess of 100 sqm or one for each 20
m of the perimeter of the building whichever is less.

Lightning arrester is of prime importance to safe guard the entire building

at the time of heavy lightning strokes. The external lightning protection is
carried out as per IS 2309. Special lighting protection will be provided for
floating cottages like Early Streamer method or placing a higher pole near
to the cottage.

J. Surge Protection:

Lightning protection can be done using surge diverters. A surge

protection devise (or surge suppressor) is an appliance designed to
protect electrical devices from voltage spikes. A surge protector attempts
to limit the voltage supplied to an electric device by either blocking or by
shorting to ground any unwanted voltages above a safe threshold. All
electrical panels used for the project shall be incorporated with surge
diverters.

K. CABLES

The cables proposed are of XLPE insulated armoured aluminium/copper

cables. For UPS distribution flexible copper cables are considered and the
neutral wire provided is the same as phase wire. Design of distribution
cable system is done so as to achieve voltage drop of not exceeding 3%
to the farthest cable termination. Submersible three phase four wire
copper flexible cables are proposed to connect the floating cottages,
floating restaurant power.

L. WIRING
The wiring shall be as per IS 732. The wires shall be Fire Retardant Low
Smoke (FRLS) PVC insulated copper conductor run in 20/25/32mm thick
MS/PVC conduit. The color coding for wires shall be:

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Phase: Red, Yellow, Blue

Neutral: Black
Earth: Green
The cross sectional area of wire/cable will be 2.5 Sq. mm. for workstation,
pantry and lighting circuit mains (Load not exceeding 10A).

M. HALLWAY/COMMON AREA LIGHTING

Energy-efficient LED light bulbs are selected appropriate for hotels. For
lights that need to stay on all day every day, switching to more energy-
efficient lighting options can result in significant savings. Outdated high
bay metal halide, in the pool room and outdoor areas can be replaced
with smaller, more energy-efficient LED fixtures. Occupancy sensors are
also incorporated to save even more energy.

OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Stairwells and corridors, toilet areas which are not occupied

continuously, yet they require continuous illumination. This provides an
energy saving opportunity that can be implemented by leaving some
lamps on continuously, while controlling others with occupancy sensors.
Occupancy sensors are mounted on walls or ceilings and wired to control
one or more fixtures.

Technology

Occupancy sensors rely on different technologies to detect the presence

of occupants.

Passive Infrared Sensors

Passive infrared sensors respond to sudden changes in background heat

energy, particularly at wavelengths emitted by humans. A PIR occupancy
sensor requires direct line of sight to detect the presence of an
occupant, around corners. With increasing distance, larger movements
are required to trigger the sensor.

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PIR sensors are less expensive than ultrasonic occupancy sensors. They
are well suited for use in corridors that are simple rectangles in plain
view; in such corridors, a single PIR sensor can be used to control several
fixtures. Multiple PIR sensors may be needed in long corridors or
corridors that have complex shapes.

To avoid false triggers, PIR sensors should not be mounted within 8 feet
of supply diffusers or on sources of vibration.

Ultrasonic Occupancy Sensors

Ultrasonic occupancy sensors radiate high frequency sound waves that

are undetectable to the human ear. The sound waves bounce off
surfaces, including people. Motion is detected via shifts in frequency. In
rooms with hard surfaces, ultrasonic occupancy sensors can detect
occupants around corners, out of the line of sight. They are more
sensitive than PIR sensors in locations where people are moving toward
or away from the sensor.

In general, ultrasonic occupancy sensors can cover a larger area than

PIR sensors. They are well suited for use in stairwells, where sound
waves can bounce off the hard surfaces & corners. Like PIR sensors, high
levels of vibration or airflow can trigger ultrasonic occupancy sensors. In
corridors, occupant activity can trigger lights on unnecessarily (this is
known as “nuisance triggering”).

Therefore, Ultrasonic occupancy sensors are highly recommended for

this project especially in corridor areas.

Conclusion : -

With the above, following are proposed for the project –

Transformer – 2 Nos. 1000 kVA

Diesel Generators – 1 No. 625 kVA, 1 No. 400 kVA and 1 No. 250 kVA

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UPS – Parallel Redundant System

APFC Panels – 2 x 300 kVAr

Power Distribution – Using Bus Risers from Second to Seventh Floor.

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