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I would like to take this opportunity to thank SJVN Ltd. for providing me
with this opportunity to expand my learning horizons and to study these
various topics. I would also like to thank Sh. R. Sehgal his constant
guidance. I also would like to thank Er. Narendra Bhaskar for his guidance
and effort in helping me complete whatever tasks were assigned to me.
INTRODUCTION
I also the studied detailed project report of NMHEP. There was a detailed
hydrologic study about rainfall patterns in the area which have a major
effect on output of the project. There was a detailed study regarding civil
structures involved in the project and geological study of the area. I also
studied the power generation in detail considering various heads and
losses. There was a also a detailed study regarding estimated cost of
project.
HYDRAULLIC TUNNELING
Introduction-
Hydraulic tunnels are designed to establish a pathway of water stream
from the dam(entry point) to the power house(turbines) and finally up to
an exit point. They are designed in such a way that the net head loss can be
minimized and maximum output can be achieved from the given project.
The general shapes of hydraulic tunnels are-
1) Circular shapes
2) D-shape
3) Horse shoe
4) Modified horse shoe
2) D Shaped tunnels
D shaped tunnels are adopted when the rock quality is good, i.e the rocks
are good quality intact sedimentary rocks. Also the external rock pressure
is not very large. It has a moderate structural stability.
Excavation of tunnel:
Excavation of tunnels involves all the steps involved in construction of
tunnel from survey works to final mucking of tunnels.
The preliminary works include-
1) Survey and alignment: A detailed geographical survey of the location is
conducted. Various entry and exit points are assessed and final
alignment of the tunnel is laid out considering all the necessary bends
and changes in diameter. A rock quality estimation study is also
conducted to determine the condition of rock which plays a major role
in final diameter of tunnel.
2) Open excavation in overburden and rock: Once the tunnel alignment
has been finalized, excavation works begin from the entry point taking
into account the quality of rocks and overburden.
3) Arrangements for collection of drainage water: Upon beginning of the
excavation, the drainage water seeping down the holes needs to be
collected and transported. Amount of seepage water can vary
depending upon the location and geologic condition of the area e.g. a
mountain may hold an aquifer inside it which may contain a lot of
water. This water needs to be collected and drained as it may affect the
quality of rock.
4) Access roads: Excavation sites need to accessible to humans and
various equipment need to be transported in order to perform the
tunneling.
5) Equipment: Suitable equipment need to be arranged for and provided
to the workers for smooth and timely completion of excavation of the
tunnel.
6) Field Workshops: Field workshops need to be set up on site to ensure a
safe work environment and govern the progress of the project.
Introduction:
NatwarMori HEP is a hydroelectric power plant located on Tons river in between
Natwar and Mori in the northern state of Uttarakhand. The total rated capacity of
this project is 60W. This is obtained using two turbines of 30W capacity each.
Gross head utilized is about 96.76m.
The flow of river utilized is 1.3cum per sec after deduction of 10% for 90%
hydrologic year. The total head loss between the point of entry into the tunnel
and turbine is 6m. Therefore, the net utilized head is 90.76m.
On conducting various statistical studies, 1984-85 was the 90% dependable year
and 1981-82 was the 50% dependable year.
Support system: -
For providing the support system, after a detailed geological study of the
area; 40% of the rocks are in good condition, 40% is of fair quality and rest 20%
is of poor quality. Bolts of length 3m with a diameter of about 25mm are used.
For lengths where the quality of rock is good, sets of 3 bolts alternating with 2 at
spacing of 2m are used. For fair quality rocks, sets of 5 bolts alternating with 4 at
spacing of 2m supports are used with shortcrete walls with welded wire mesh. In
case of poor quality rocks, set of 5 bolts alternating with 4 bolts in spacings of
1500mm with shortcrete lining along with welded wire mesh and steel ribs are
employed.
Pressure shaft: -
A steel lined pressure shaft of diameter of about 4m with an initial length
of 5.6m is constructed. The horizontal slope is about 70.6 degrees.
The total length of pressure shaft is 109m up to the bifurcation point. Surge shaft
has a total diameter of 18m.
Following gates have been constructed during the whole course of this project:
1) Barrage radial gates
Two radial gates of dimensions 9.1m x 8m with rubber seal on both sides
and a 9.1m x 14m with flap gates has been constructed. One floating debris
release gate of dimension 6.6m x 3.5m with fixed wheel type vertical lift gate has
been constructed.
2) Stop logs for barrage radial gates
3) Reservoir intake stop gate
4) Distillation tank stop log gate
5) Surge shaft gate
6) Tailrace gate
7) Draft tube gate