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Table of Contents: Dynamics
Return to
Table of
Contents
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=piosFoket2k
Galileo vs. Aristotle
Demo
Thought Experiment
Push a book across the table. When you stop pushing, it stops
moving. Aristotle is right in terms of what we see around us
every day.
Force and Motion
Demo
Return to
Table of
Contents
Newton's
This is1st Law
an alternative of Newton's
to the other Motion
First Law demo. The "Newton's 1st Law
Demo 2" instructions and PowerPoint are
found by going to Teacher Resources after
clicking the link below.
Demo
Return to
Table of
Contents
Sir Isaac Newton
Galileo's observations
were more fully formed
in 1687 by the "father of
physics," Sir Isaac
Newton, who called this
observation "The First
Law of Motion".
Newton's First Law of Motion
Demo
Inertia is the tendency of
an object to resist any
change in motion.
1 In the absence of an external force, a moving object
will
A stop immediately.
B slow down and eventually come to a stop.
C go faster and faster.
Answer
D move with constant velocity.
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=OD4bbGZt8A0
1 In the absence of an external force, a moving object
will
A stop immediately.
B slow down and eventually come to a stop.
C go faster and faster.
Answer
D D constant velocity.
move with
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=OD4bbGZt8A0
2 When the rocket engines on a spacecraft are
suddenly turned off while traveling in empty space,
the starship will
A stop immediately.
B slowly slow down, and then stop.
Answer
C go faster and faster.
D move with a constant velocity.
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=QJe6U8IeEuo
2 When the rocket engines on a spacecraft are
suddenly turned off while traveling in empty space,
the starship will
A stop immediately.
B slowly slow down, and then stop.
Answer
D
C go faster and faster.
D move with a constant velocity.
E I need help
[This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=QJe6U8IeEuo
3 When you sit on a chair, the net external force on
you is
A zero
B dependent on your weight.
Answer
C down.
D up
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=ePxygnhYdMA
3 When you sit on a chair, the net external force on
you is
A zero
B dependent on your weight.
Answer
A
C down.
D up
E I need help
[This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=ePxygnhYdMA
4 A rocket moves through empty space in a straight line
with constant speed. It is far from the gravitational
effect of any star or planet. Under these conditions,
the force that must be applied to the rocket in order to
sustain its motion is
Answer
C dependent on how fast it is moving.
D zero.
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=TdULPDq1NuA
4 A rocket moves through empty space in a straight line
with constant speed. It is far from the gravitational
effect of any star or planet. Under these conditions,
the force that must be applied to the rocket in order to
sustain its motion is
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=TdULPDq1NuA
5 You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and
you suddenly fall forward. You can infer from this that
the bus's
A velocity decreased.
B velocity increased.
Answer
C speed remained the same, but it's turning to
the right.
D speed remained the same, but it's turning to
the left.
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zf8-qu0Kw-o
5 You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and
you suddenly fall forward. You can infer from this that
the bus's
A velocity decreased.
B velocity increased.
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zf8-qu0Kw-o
6 You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and
you suddenly move forward as the bus comes to an
immediate stop. What force caused you to move
forward?
A gravity
B normal force due to your contact with the floor of
the bus
Answer
C force due to friction between you and the floor of
the bus
D no force
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=jRdPVvhhrr8
6 You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and
you suddenly move forward as the bus comes to an
immediate stop. What force caused you to move
forward?
A gravity
B normal force due to your contact with the floor of
the bus
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=jRdPVvhhrr8
Inertial Reference Frames
Demo
Lab
Return to
Table of
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=P992ewdTsVk Contents
The demo below can be used to introduce
Newton's Second Law. The "Newton's
2nd Law Demo" instructions and
PowerPoint are found by going to Teacher
Resources after clicking the link below.
Newton'sClick2nd
here to goLaw
Demo
of Motion
to the unit page
ΣF = ma
*the word 'net' means overall, ortotal. We will discuss this in further
detail later, but for now just think of
ΣF as any force on an object
Units of Force
ƩF = ma
The unit of force in the SI system is the Newton (N).
Therefore, the unit of force, the Newton, can be found from the
second law
ƩF = ma
N = kg*m/s 2
7 A 3.5 kg object experiences an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 .
What net force does the object experience?
A 1.5 N
B 1.75 N
Answer
C 3.5 N
D 7N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=P992ewdTsVk
7 A 3.5 kg object experiences an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 .
What net force does the object experience?
given:
A 1.5 N
m=3.5kg
B 1.75 N a=0.5 m/s2
Answer
ΣF =?
C 3.5 N
ΣF = ma
D 7N ΣF = 3.5 kg (0.5 m/s2)
ΣF = 1.75 N
E I need help [This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=P992ewdTsVk
8 What force is required to accelerate a 1000 kg sports car
at 6 m/s2 ?
A 10 N
Answer
B 60 N
C 600 N
D 6000N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=k-VzQRkK-Bg
8 What force is required to accelerate a 1000 kg sports car
at 6 m/s2 ?
given:
m=1000kg
A 10 N
a=6 m/s2
Answer
B 60 N ΣF =?
C 600 N ΣF = ma
ΣF = 1000 kg (6 m/s2)
D 6000N ΣF = 6000 N
[This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=k-VzQRkK-Bg
9 A 12 N net force acts on a 36 kg object? How much
does it accelerate?
A 0.33 m/s2
B 0.50 m/s2
Answer
C 1.0 m/s2
D 3.0 m/s2
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zod4zAxpu5M
9 A 12 N net force acts on a 36 kg object? How much
does it accelerate?
a=?
C 1.0 m/s 2
ΣF = ma
D 3.0 m/s 2
a = ΣF/m
a = (12 N)/(36 kg)
E I need help a = 0.33 m/sa pull tab]
[This object is 2
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zod4zAxpu5M
10 A bat strikes a 0.145 kg baseball with force of 5800 N.
What acceleration does the baseball experience?
A 10 m/s2
B 5800 m/s2
Answer
C 10000 m/s2
D 40000 m/s2
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=43e7Ikj9Qj8
10 A bat strikes a 0.145 kg baseball with force of 5800 N.
What acceleration does the baseball experience?
Given:
A 10 m/s 2
ΣF =5800 N
m = 0.145 kg
B 5800 m/s2
Answer
a=?
C 10000 m/s2
ΣF = ma
D 40000 m/s2 a = ΣF/m
a = (5800 N)/(0.145 kg)
E I need help a = 40,000 m/s
[This object
2
is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=43e7Ikj9Qj8
11 An electric model train is accelerated at a rate of 8 m/s2
by a 12 N force? What is the mass of the train?
A 1.5 kg
Answer
B 3 kg
C 4.5 kg
D 9 kg
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=YFwVyf4--Vs
11 An electric model train is accelerated at a rate of 8 m/s2
by a 12 N force? What is the mass of the train?
Given:
ΣF = 12 N
A 1.5 kg
a = 8 m/s2
Answer
B 3 kg m=?
C 4.5 kg ΣF = ma
m = ΣF/a
D 9 kg m = (12 N)/(8 m/s2)
m = 1.5 kg
[This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=YFwVyf4--Vs
12 An Olympic sprinter accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s2 by
applying a force of 189 N. What is the runner's mass?
A 18 kg
B 35 kg
Answer
C 63 kg
D 126 kg
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=HIVbig8cw0U
12 An Olympic sprinter accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s2 by
applying a force of 189 N. What is the runner's mass?
Given:
A 18 kg ΣF = 189 N
a = 3 m/s2
B 35 kg
Answer
m=?
C 63 kg ΣF = ma
m = ΣF/a
D 126 kg m = (189 N)/(3 m/s2)
m = 63[This
kgobject is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=HIVbig8cw0U
13 How much net force is required to accelerate a 0.5 kg
toy car, initially at rest to a velocity of 2.4 m/s in 6 s?
A 0.1 N
B 0.2 N
Answer
C 1.2 N
D 2.4 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=tfZh-LoR1QU
13 How much net force is required to accelerate a 0.5 kg
toy car, initially at rest to a velocity of 2.4 m/s in 6 s?
A 0.1 N
given: v = v0 + at
B 0.2 N m=0.5 kg a = v/t
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=tfZh-LoR1QU
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
ƩF = ma
a = ƩF
m
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=bxlq6kGNf80
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
a = ƩF
m
The acceleration of an object is:
A 4a
B 2a
C a/2
D a/4
Answer
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=bxlq6kGNf80
14 A net force F accelerates a mass m with an
acceleration a. If the same net force is applied to mass
2m, then the acceleration will be
A 4a
B 2a
C a/2
D a/4
Answer
C
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=bxlq6kGNf80
15 A net force F accelerates a mass m with an
acceleration a. If the same net force is applied to mass
m/2, then the acceleration will be
A 4a
B 2a
Answer
C a/2
D a/4
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=2GNfXwkKBJk
15 A net force F accelerates a mass m with an
acceleration a. If the same net force is applied to mass
m/2, then the acceleration will be
A 4a
B 2a
Answer
C a/2 B
D a/4
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=2GNfXwkKBJk
16 A constant net force acts on an object. The object
moves with:
A constant acceleration
B constant speed
C constant velocity
D increasing acceleration
Answer
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=y_p-fnsUrcU
16 A constant net force acts on an object. The object
moves with:
A constant acceleration
B constant speed
C constant velocity
D increasing acceleration
Answer
E I need help
A
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=y_p-fnsUrcU
17 A net force F acts on a mass m and produces an
acceleration a. What acceleration results if a net force
2F acts on mass 4m?
A a/2
B 8a
C 4a
D 2a
Answer
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=xfTQMqug9Tg
17 A net force F acts on a mass m and produces an
acceleration a. What acceleration results if a net force
2F acts on mass 4m?
A a/2
B 8a
C 4a
D 2a
Answer
E I need help
A
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=xfTQMqug9Tg
18 The acceleration of an object is inversely
proportional to:
A the net force acting on it.
B its position.
C its velocity.
Answer
D its mass.
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=j5FmGL8cmw8
18 The acceleration of an object is inversely
proportional to:
A the net force acting on it.
B its position.
C its velocity.
Answer
D its mass.
E I need helpD
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=j5FmGL8cmw8
Net Force
ΣF
Return to
Table of
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zSwhCKWnTlg Contents
Net Force
ƩF = ma
Let's look at the left side of this equation first.
ƩF
The greek letter sigma "Σ" means "the sum of".
ΣF and FNet both mean you add up all the forces acting on an
object.
Net Force
ƩF
It means that when you add forces, you have to add them like
vectors: forces have direction, and they can cancel out.
Net Force
ƩF
Example: A 5.0 kg object is being acted on by a 20N force to the
right (F1 ), and a 30N force, also to the right (F2 ). What is the net
force on the object?
ƩF
Example: A 5.0 kg object is being acted on by a 20N force to the
right (F1 ), and a 30N force, also to the right (F2 ). What is the net
force on the object?
F1
ƩF
Example: A 5.0 kg object is being acted on by a 20N force to the
right (F1 ), and a 30N force, also to the right (F2 ). What is the
net force on the object?
F2
F1
ƩF
Example: A 5.0 kg object is being acted on by a 20N force to the
right (F1 ), and a 30N force, also to the right (F2 ). What is the
net force on the object?
The sum is a vector which starts where the first vector started, and
ends where the last one ends.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
ƩF
ΣF = F1 + F2
ΣF = 20 N + 30 N
ΣF = 50N to the right
(we get the direction from our diagram and from our positive answer,
which we defined as meaning "to the right")
19 Two forces act on an object. One force is 40N to the
west and the other force is 40N to the east. What is the
net force acting on the object?
A 0N
B 40 N East
Answer
C 80 N East
D 80 N West
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zSwhCKWnTlg
19 Two forces act on an object. One force is 40N to the
west and the other force is 40N to the east. What is the
net force acting on the object?
A 0N Given:
F1=40 N (east)
B 40 N East
F2=-40 N (west)
Answer
C 80 N East
ΣF = ? ΣF = F1 + F2
ΣF = 40 N + (- 40 N)
D 80 N West ΣF = 0 N
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=zSwhCKWnTlg
20 Two forces act on an object. One force is 8.0N to the
north and the other force is 6.0N to the south. What is
the net force acting on the object?
A 0N
Answer
B 2 N North
C 2 N South
D 14 N North
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=oqZMClMWF-o
20 Two forces act on an object. One force is 8.0N to the
north and the other force is 6.0N to the south. What is
the net force acting on the object?
Given:
A 0N F1= 8.0 N (north)
F2=-6.0 N (south)
Answer
B 2 N North
ΣF = ? ΣF = F1 + F2
C 2 N South ΣF = 8.0 N + (-6.0 N)
ΣF = 2 N (north)
D 14 N North
[This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=oqZMClMWF-o
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
ma
Now let's look at the right side of our equation, ma.
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=yL3g2HaI5Hg
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
For example: A 5.0 kg object is being acted on by a 20N force to
the right (F1 ), and a 30N force, also to the right (F2 ). We found
the net force on the object to be 50N to the right.
ΣF
F1 F2
Answer
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
For example: A 5.0 kg object is being acted on by a 20N force to
the right (F1 ), and a 30N force, also to the right (F2 ). We found
the net force on the object to be 50N to the right.
ΣF
F1 F2
a = ΣF / m
a = 50N / 5.0 kg
a = 10 m/s2 to the right
F3 = 2 N
21 A force F = 50N acts to the right on a 5 kg object.
1
A -4 m/s2
B 0 m/s2
Answer
C +4 m/s2
D +16 m/s2
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=R372S8_gkfg
21 A force F = 50N acts to the right on a 5 kg object.
1
A -4 m/s2
B 0 m/s2
∑ F = F1+F2
∑ F = 50 N + (-30 N) = 20 N
Answer
C +4 m/s2
∑ F =ma
D +16 m/s2 a = ∑ F/m
a = (20 N)/(5 kg)
a = 4 m/s2
E I need help
[This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=R372S8_gkfg
22 A force F = 350N pushes upward on 20 kg object.
1
A -40 m/s2
Answer
B -5 m/s2
C 5 m/s2
D 40 m/s2
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=eH2mgUqhwi8
22 A force F = 350N pushes upward on 20 kg object.
1
B -5 m/s2
∑ F = F1+F2
C 5 m/s2 ∑ F = 350 N + (-450 N) = -100 N
∑ F =ma
D 40 m/s2 a = ∑ F/m
a = (-100 N)/(20 kg)
2
(down)
a = -5 m/s[This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=eH2mgUqhwi8
23 An object accelerates downward at a rate of 4.9 m/s2 . If
the downward force on the object is 500N and the
upward force is 250N, what is the mass of the object?
A 0 kg
Answer
B 51 kg
C 102 kg
D 150 kg
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=07JMzvwaM2E
23 An object accelerates downward at a rate of 4.9 m/s2 . If
the downward force on the object is 500N and the
upward force Given:
is 250N, what is the mass of the object?
a=-4.9 m/s2
F1=250 N (up)
A 0 kg F2=500 N (down)
m=?
Answer
∑ F = F1+F2
B 51 kg ∑ F = 250 N + (-500 N) = -250 N
C 102 kg ∑ F =ma
m = ∑ F/a
m = (-250 N)/(-4.9 m/s2)
D 150 kg m = 51.02 [This
kg object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=07JMzvwaM2E
Mass, Weight, and Normal Force
Return to
Table of
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=EiJv-rDFswA
Contents
The case of mass versus weight
F G = mg
or
W = mg
A 0N
B 0.61 N
Answer
C 59 N
D 180 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=EiJv-rDFswA
24 Determine the Force of Gravity (weight) on a 6.0 kg
bowling ball.
A 0N
Given:
B 0.61 N
Answer
m=6kg
W=?
C 59 N
W = mg
D 180 N
2) = 58.8 N
W= (6 kg) (9.8 m/s
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=EiJv-rDFswA
25 Determine the weight of a small car with a mass of
900.0 kg.
A 90.00 N
B 180.0 N
Answer
C 1800 N
D 8820 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=90QebbPtyAA
25 Determine the weight of a small car with a mass of
900.0 kg.
A 90.00 N
given:
B 180.0 N m=900 kg
Answer
W=?
C 1800 N
W = mg
D 8820 N W = (900 kg) (9.8 m/s2) = 8820N
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=90QebbPtyAA
26 Using a spring scale, you find that the weight of a
friction block in the lab is 24 N. What is the mass of
the block in kilograms?
A 2.5 kg
Answer
B 4.9 kg
C 24 kg
D 240 kg
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=qnu5gNseagY
26 Using a spring scale, you find that the weight of a
friction block in the lab is 24 N. What is the mass of
the block in kilograms?
A 2.5 kg
Given:
W=24 N
Answer
B 4.9 kg m=?
C 24 kg W = mg
m = W/g
m = (24 N)/(9.8 m/s2) = 2.5 kg
D 240 kg
[This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=qnu5gNseagY
27 An object located near the surface of Earth has a
weight of a 245 N. What is the mass of the
object?
A 25 kg
B 90 kg
Answer
C 150 kg
D 2400 kg
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=rP83F6Cc-dA
27 An object located near the surface of Earth has a
weight of a 245 N. What is the mass of the
object?
A 25 kg
Given:
W=245 N
B 90 kg m=?
Answer
C 150 kgW = mg
m = W/g
D 2400 kg 2) = 25 N
m = (245 N)/(9.8 m/s
[This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=rP83F6Cc-dA
28 Which of the following properties of an object is likely
to change on another planet?
A Mass
B Weight
C Color
Answer
D Volume (size and shape)
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=vTR_E6QTkGM
28 Which of the following properties of an object is likely
to change on another planet?
A Mass
B Weight
C Color
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=vTR_E6QTkGM
29 The acceleration due to gravity is lower on the Moon
than on Earth. Which of the following is true about
the mass and weight of an astronaut on the Moon's
surface, compared to Earth?
Answer
D Both mass and weight are the same
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=8HpLY1vQKrA
29 The acceleration due to gravity is lower on the Moon
than on Earth. Which of the following is true about
the mass and weight of an astronaut on the Moon's
surface, compared to Earth?
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=8HpLY1vQKrA
Weight – the Force of Gravity
FG
If it is sitting on a table, the
force of gravity is still there...
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=-rMNsjZF0g8
The Normal Force
FG
The force exerted perpendicular
to a surface is called the normal
force.
A 14 N upwards
B 28 N upwards
C 14 N downwards
Answer
D 28 N downwards
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=hnu4FsDE3IQ
30 A 14 N brick is sitting on a table. What is the normal
force supplied by the table?
A 14 N upwards
B 28 N upwards
C 14 N downwards
Answer
D 28 N downwards
A
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=hnu4FsDE3IQ
31 What normal force is supplied by adesk to a
2.00 kg box sitting on it?
A 0N
Answer
B 9.80 N
C 19.6 N
D 39.2 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=p4UCHVTKyJg
31 What normal force is supplied by adesk to a
Given:on it?
2.00 kg box sitting
m=2 kg
FN=?
A 0N
Answer 0
B 9.80 N ΣF = ma = 0
ΣF = FN - mg = 0
C 19.6 N FN = mg = (2 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
FN = 19.6 N
D 39.2 N [This object is a pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=p4UCHVTKyJg
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Demo
Return to
Table of
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=soU1VmbNlo8 Contents
Newton's
Newton's3rd Law of 3rd
This demo can be used to introduce
Third Law. The "Newton's Motion
Law Demo" instructions and PowerPoint
are found by going to Teacher Resources
after clicking the link below.
Demo
Return to
Table of
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=soU1VmbNlo8 Contents
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Any time a force is exerted on an object, that force
is caused by another object.
Make sure you don’t use them as if they were acting on the
same object. Then they would add to zero!
Force onhands
Force onfloor
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
FGP = -FPG
FGP = FPG
Horizontal force Horizontal force
exerted on the exerted on the
Ground by Person's foot by
Person's foot Ground
FGP FPG
32 An object of mass m sits on a flat table. The Earth
pulls on this object with force mg, which we will call
the action force. What is the reaction force?
Answer
D The object pulling upward on the Earth with force mg
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=65Oh_b-04Kw
32 An object of mass m sits on a flat table. The Earth
pulls on this object with force mg, which we will call
the action force. What is the reaction force?
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=65Oh_b-04Kw
33 A 20-ton truck collides with a 1500-lb car and causes a
lot of damage to the car. Since a lot of damage is
done on the car:
A the force on the truck is greater then the force on the car
B the force on the truck is equal to the force on the car
C the force on the truck is smaller than the force on the car
D the truck did not slow down during the collision
Answer
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=TxNl943lE-g
33 A 20-ton truck collides with a 1500-lb car and causes a
lot of damage to the car. Since a lot of damage is
done on the car:
A the force on the truck is greater then the force on the car
B the force on the truck is equal to the force on the car
C the force on the truck is smaller than the force on the car
D the truck did not slow down during the collision
Answer
E I need help B
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=TxNl943lE-g
34 As you are sitting in a chair, you feel the chair pushing
up on you. The reaction force in this situation is:
Answer
C You pushing down on the chair
D The ground pushing up on the chair
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=_ft1lKa5xno
34 As you are sitting in a chair, you feel the chair pushing
up on you. The reaction force in this situation is:
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=_ft1lKa5xno
35 A student is doing a hand-stand. A reaction pair
of forces is best described as:
Answer
B
The ground is pushing the student up
Gravity is pulling the student down -
C
The student's arms push the student up
The student's hands push down on the ground -
D
The students arms push the student up
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=F-OJLUCBZVs
35 A student is doing a hand-stand. A reaction pair
of forces is best described as:
B
The ground is pushing the student up
A
Gravity is pulling the student down -
C
The student's arms push the student up
The student's hands push down on the ground -
D
The students arms[Thispush the
object is a student up
pull tab]
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=F-OJLUCBZVs
36 Which of Newton's laws best explains why motorists
should wear seat belts?
Answer
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=3sCSlbgmvVE
36 Which of Newton's laws best explains why motorists
should wear seat belts?
E I need help
A
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=3sCSlbgmvVE
37 If you blow up a balloon, and then release it, the
balloon will fly away. This is an illustration of:
(Note: there may be more than one answer. Be
prepared to explain WHY!)
Answer
C Newton's third law
D Galileo's law of inertia
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=ox9QqJBS0C0
37 If you blow up a balloon, and then release it, the
balloon will fly away. This is an illustration of:
(Note: there may be more than one answer. Be
prepared to explain WHY!)
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=ox9QqJBS0C0
Free Body Diagrams
Return to
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=VQNJWvfV4bk
Table of
Contents
Free Body Diagrams
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=VQNJWvfV4bk
38 Draw the free body diagram for a cat sitting on a chair.
FN
Answer
mg
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=VQNJWvfV4bk
39 Draw the free diagram for a sled being pulled across an
icy pond.
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=4KSUlnWKHps
39 Draw the free diagram for a sled being pulled across an
icy pond.
FN
Answer
Fapp
m
mg
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=4KSUlnWKHps
Demo
Friction
Lab
Return to
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=6qMm8-y2DJU
Table of
Contents
The demo below can be used to introduce
friction. The "Friction Demo" instructions
and PowerPoint are found by going to
Teacher Resources after clicking the link
below.
Demo Friction
Click here to go to the unit page
There are many different types of forces that occur in nature, but
perhaps none is more familiar to us than the force of friction (Ffr ).
v
Kinetic Friction Force
FN for answer
move
a
Ffr Fapp
mg
A right, down
B right, up
Answer
C left, down
D left, up
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=HDqDH1Rkx9Q
40 A brick is sliding to the right on a horizontal surface.
What are the directions of the two surface forces:
the friction force and the normal force?
A right, down
B right, up
Answer
C left, down
D
D left, up
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=HDqDH1Rkx9Q
41 A 4.0kg brick is sliding on a surface. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the surfaces is
0.25. What it the size of the force of friction?
A 0N
B 4.9 N
Answer
C 9.8 N
D 19.6 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=-_im4E6iCcA
41 A 4.0kg brick is sliding on a surface. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the surfaces is
0.25. What it the size of the force of friction?
A 0N Given:
m=4 kg
B 4.9 N μk=0.25
Answer
Ffr=?
C 9.8 N Ffr = μk FN
FN = mg
D 19.6 N
Ffr = μk mg
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=-_im4E6iCcA
42 A 50 kg crate is being pushed across a warehouse
floor. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
crate and the floor is 0.4. What is the size of the
force of friction?
A 0N
B 200 N
Answer
C 500 N
D 1300 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=6A_FxFj2I0M
42 A 50 kg crate is being pushed across a warehouse
floor. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
crate and the floor is 0.4. What is the size of the
force of friction?
A 0N Given:
m=50 kg
B 200 N μk=0.4
Answer
Ffr=?
C 500 N
Ffr = μkFN
D 1300 N FN = mg
Ffr = μkmg
E I need help Ffr = (0.4)(50 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
= [This
200object
N is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=6A_FxFj2I0M
43 A 50 kg crate is pushed across a warehouse floor with a
force of 100 N, accelerating at a rate of 1 m/s2. What is
the coefficient of friction between the floor and crate?
A 0.1
B 0.2
Answer
C 0.5
D 0.8
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=euLjmMhCArI
43 A 50 kg crate is pushed across a warehouse floor with a
force of 100 N, accelerating at a rate of 1 m/s2. What is
the coefficient of friction between the floor and crate?
FN a
A 0.1 Ffr Fapp
mg
B 0.2
Answer
C 0.5 Given:
m=50 kg
D 0.8 Fapplied= 100 N
a=1 m/s2
E I need help
μ=? k [This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=euLjmMhCArI
** Static Friction Force
v=0
Fapplied
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=C336w6F3MTU
** Static Friction Force
Ffr ≤ μsFN
v=0
μs is the coefficient of static Fapplied
friction, and is different for
every pair of surfaces.
** Static Friction Force
Ffr ≤ μsFN
Friction force, f
equal to the net applied 30
force.
20
Until it reaches its
10
maximum, μs FN .
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
Applied force, F App
Then the object starts to
move, and the kinetic no sliding
frictional force takes over, motion
μK FN .
** Friction Force
50
The static frictional force
increases as the applied 40 f = μS FN μk FN
force increases, always
Friction force, f
30
equal to the net applied
force. 20
B 6.1 N
Answer
C 18N
D 34 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=C336w6F3MTU
** 44 A 4.0 kg brick is sitting on a table. The coefficient
of static friction between the surfaces is 0.45. What
is the largest force that can be applied horizontally
to the brick before it begins to slide?
A 4.5 N Given:
m=4 kg
B 6.1 N μs = 0.45
Fapp=?
Answer
C 18N
Ffr = μsFN
FN = mg
D 34 N
Ffr = μsmg
Ffr = (0.45)(4 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
E I need help
Fapp =[This
18object
N is a pull
tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=C336w6F3MTU
** 45 A 4.0kg brick is sitting on a table. The coefficient of
static friction between the surfaces is 0.45. If a 10
N horizontal force is applied to the brick, what will
be the force of friction?
Answer
A 0N
B 8N
C 10 N
D 18 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=XPztoTbZfcc
** 45 A 4.0kg brick is sitting on a table. The coefficient of
Given:
m=4between
static friction kg
μs = 0.45
the surfaces is 0.45. If a 10
N horizontal force is applied to the brick, what will
Fapp=10 N
be the forcemaxofFfrfriction?
=?
Answer Ffr = μs FN
A 0N FN = mg
Ffr = μs mg
B 8N Ffr = (0.45)(4 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
= 17.64 N
Fapp<Ffr (a=0)
C 10 N
Fobject
[This fr=10 is N
a pull tab]
D 18 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=XPztoTbZfcc
Tension
Return to
Table of
Contents
Tension Force
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=MVU9IvK873A
Tension Force
FT
There is no special formula to find a
the force of tension.
mg
46 A 25 kg lamp is hanging from a rope. What is
the tension force being supplied by the rope?
A 0N
B 25 N
Answer
C 250 N
D 490 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=MVU9IvK873A
46 A 25 kg lamp is hanging from a rope. What is
the tension force being supplied by the rope?
A 0N
given:
B 25 N
m=25 kg
FT=?
Answer
C 250 N
ΣF = ma = 0
D 490 N
FT - mg = 0
FT = mg
E I need help
FT = (25 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 250 N
[This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=MVU9IvK873A
47 A crane is lifting a 60 kg load at a constant
velocity. Determine the tension force in the cable.
A 0N
B 59 N
Answer
C 290 N
D 590 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=P-Unghz4hzY
47 A crane is lifting a 60 kg load at a constant
velocity. Determine the tension force in the cable.
A 0N given:
m=60 kg
B 59 N v=constant, meaning a=0
Answer
C 290 N ΣF = ma = 0
FT - mg = 0
D 590 N FT = mg
FT = (60 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 590 N
E I need help [This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=P-Unghz4hzY
48 A 90 kg climber rappels from the top of a cliff with
an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2. Determine the tension
in the climber's rope.
A 0N
B 790 N
Answer
C 920 N
D 970 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=gKd2li9p0lc
48 A 90 kg climber rappels from the top of a cliff with
an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2. Determine the tension
in the climber's rope.
A 0N Given:
m = 90 kg
B 790 N a = -1 m/s2
Answer
ΣF = FT - mg
C 920 N ΣF = ma
FT - mg = ma
D 970 N FT = ma + mg = m(g+a)
FT = (90 kg)(9.8 m/s2 -1 m/s2)
E I need help
F = 790 N T [This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=gKd2li9p0lc
49 A crane lifts a 400 kg crate upward with an
acceleration of 3.00 m/s2 . Determine the tension in
the crane.
A 0N
B 2800 N
Answer
C 3920 N
D 5120 N
E I need help
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=SkLcaVFt6Wc
49 A crane lifts a 400 kg crate upward with an
acceleration of 3.00 m/s2 . Determine the tension in
the crane.
Given:
A 0N
m = 400 kg
B 2800 N a = +3.00 m/s2
ΣF = FT - mg
Answer
C 3920 N ΣF = ma
FT - mg = ma
D 5120 N FT = ma + mg = m(g+a)
FT = (400 kg)(9.8 m/s2 + 3 m/s2)
E I need help
FT = 5120 N
[This object is a pull tab]
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=SkLcaVFt6Wc
General Problems
Lab
Return to
Table of
Contents
The "Hooke's Law Lab" can be used after
a short lesson on Hooke's Law (not
currently found in this SMART Notebook).
General Problems
A guided and discovery version of this lab,
and presentation notebook to help facilitate
the lab are all located in the Lab section on
Lab
Return to
Table of
Contents
Problem Solving – A General Approach
ƩF = T-mg = 0 T
T = mg a=0
T = (1800kg)(9.8 m/s2)
T = 17,640 N mg
Problem 1
An 1800 kg elevator moves up and down on a cable. Calculate the
tension force in the cable for the following cases:
Given: FT
m = 1800 kg
a=0
g = 9.8 m/s2
a = 0 (constant speed) mg
FT = ?
ΣF = ma
FT = mg
mg
Problem 1
An 1800 kg elevator moves up and down on a cable. Calculate the
tension force in the cable for the following cases:
ƩF = ma
T-mg = ma
T = mg + ma
T
T = m (g+a) a
mg
Problem 1
An 1800 kg elevator moves up and down on a cable. Calculate the
tension force in the cable for the following cases:
ƩF = ma
T-mg = ma
T = mg + ma T
T = m (g-a) a
Summary of answers:
Answer
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the scale
measurement for the following cases:
Given:
a) the elevator movesmat=a50 kg
constant FN
speed upward.
g = 9.8 m/s 2
a=0
a = 0 m/s 2
mg
FN = ?
Answer
ΣF = ma = 0 since a = 0
ΣF = FN - mg = 0
FN = mg
FN = (50 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
FN = 490 N
[This object is a pull tab]
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the
scale measurement for the following cases:
Answer
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the
scale measurement for the following cases:
Given:
m=
b) the elevator moves at50 kg
a constant speed downward. FN
a = 0
g = 9.8 m/s2
a = 0 m/s2 since speed is constant mg
FN = ?
Answer
ΣF = ma = 0 since a = 0
ΣF = FN - mg = 0
FN = mg
FN = (50 kg)(9.8 m/s2)
[This object is a pull tab]
FN = 490 N
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the scale
measurement for the following cases:
Answer
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the scale
measurement for theGiven:
following cases:
m = 50 kg FN
a = +1.4 m/s
2
g = 9.8 m/s
c) the elevator accelerates upward
2
at a rate of 1.4 m/s2.
a = +1.4 m/s2 mg
FN = ?
Answer
ΣF = ma
ΣF = FN - mg =ma
FN = mg+ma
FN = m(g+a)
FN = (50 kg)(9.8 m/s2 + 1.4 m/s2)
[This object is a pull tab]
FN = 560 N
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the scale
measurement for the following cases:
Answer
Problem 2
A 50 kg man stands on a scale inside an elevator. State the scale
measurement for the following cases:
Given:
d) the elevator accelerates downward at a rate of 1.4 m/s2.
m = 50 kg FN
g = 9.8 m/s 2
a = 1.4 m/s 2
a = 1.4 m/s2
FN = ? mg
Answer
ΣF = ma
ΣF = mg - FN
FN = mg-ma
FN = m(g-a)
FN = (50 kg)(9.8
[This object is a pullm/s
tab]
2 - 1.4 m/s2)
FN = 420 N
Atwood's Machine
a a
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=djZCBGVdHwQ
Problem 3
Mass A is 20kg and Mass B is 50 kg.
A B
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=djZCBGVdHwQ
Problem 3
a) Draw a Free Body Diagram for each mass
A B
T T
a a
mg
mg
T T
Answer
a a
mA g
mB g
ƩF = mAa ƩF = -mBa
a a
Since we consider g to be negative,
mA g when acceleration points in the same
mBnegative;
direction, it is considered g in
the opposite direction, it is considered
to be positive.
ƩF = mAa ƩF = -mBa
[This object is a pull tab]
T T
a a
mA g
mB g
ƩF = mAa ƩF = -mBa
T = m A g + m Aa T = m Bg - m Ba
Problem 3
d) Find the equation for acceleration.
Set them equal to one another (T=T) and then solve for a.
T=T
T = m Bg - m Ba
mAg + mAa = mBg - mBa
T = m A g + m Aa
mAa + mBa= mBg - mAg
Set them equal to one another (T=T) and then solve for a.
T=T
T = m Bg - m Ba
mAg + mAa = mBg - mBa
T = m A g + m Aa
mAa + mBa= mBg - mAg
(mB - mA)
a=g
(mA + mB)
(50kg - 20kg)
a=g
(50kg + 20kg)
30
a=g
70
a = 3/7 g
a = 4.2 m/s2
Problem 3
f) Find the value of the tension force
T = m A g + m Aa T = m Bg - m Ba
T = mA(g + a) T = mB(g - a)
T = 280N T = 280N
Problem 4
Two boxes, connected by a cord, are pulled horizontally with a
force of 40.0 N, as shown below. Box A has a mass of 10 kg;
Box B has a mass of 12 kg. Ignore friction.
F
B A
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=vZDeWXynmto
Problem 4
Answer
F
B A
Problem 4
mB (12 kg)
Answer
FN
F
B A FT a
mB g
Answer
F
B A
Problem 4
F = 40N; MA = 10kg; MB = 12kg
FN
F a
B Fapp A FT
mA g
Answer
F
B A
Problem 4
F = 40N; MA = 10kg; MB = 12kg
c) Show the free-body diagram of the combined boxes A and B.
Answer
FN
a
F F
B A
m(A+B)g
[This object is a pull tab]
Problem 4
F = 40N; MA = 10kg; MB = 12kg
Answer
F
B A
Problem 4
F = 40N; MA = 10kg; MB = 12kg
F
B A
[This object is a pull tab]
Problem 4
F = 40N; MA = 10kg; MB = 12kg
e) Find the tension in the cord.
In this case, we should use the free body diagram for Block A.
F
B A
Answer
a
FN
T Fapplied
mAg
Problem 4
F = 40N; MA = 10kg; MB = 12kg
e) Find the tension in the cord.
In this case, we should use the free body diagram for Block A.
F
B A
Answer
a
FN
T Fapplied
[This object is a pull tab]
mAg
Problem 5
Two boxes on a table are pushed horizontally with a force of
30.0 N, as shown below. The boxes A and B have masses of
5 kg and 8 kg. Ignore friction.
a) Show the free-body diagram of the box B
b) Show the free-body diagram of the box A
c) Show the free-body diagram of combined boxes A and B
c) Find the acceleration of the system.
d) Find the force of A on B
F = 30 N
A B
F = 30 N
Answer
A B
Problem 5
Two boxes are place on a table. A person pushes horizontally on box
A with force F = 30.0 N. The boxes A and B have masses of 5 kg and
8 kg. Ignore friction between the boxes and the tabletop.
mB g
F = 30 N
Answer
A B
Problem 5
Two boxes are place on a table. A person pushes horizontally on box
A with force F = 30.0 N. The boxes A and B have masses of 5 kg and
8 kg. Ignore friction between the boxes and the tabletop.
F = 30 N FN
Answer
A B
ma Fapp
FaB
(B pushing
on A)
ma g
F = 30 N
A B
Answer
Problem 5
Two boxes are place on a table. A person pushes horizontally on box
A with force F = 30.0 N. The boxes A and B have masses of 5 kg and
8 kg. Ignore friction between the boxes and the tabletop.
c) Find the acceleration of the system.
F = 30 N
A B
Answer
Problem 5
Two boxes are place on a table. A person pushes horizontally on box
A with force F = 30.0 N. The boxes A and B have masses of 5 kg and
8 kg. Ignore friction between the boxes and the tabletop.
d) Find the force of A on B
F = 30 N
A B
Answer
https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=QsdaX7x054o
Hint: Use the same approach as Problem 3.
Problem 6
5.0 kg
Two boxes are connected by a
A cord running over a pulley. The
coefficient of kinetic friction
between box A and the table is 0.2
B
2.0 kg
a) Draw the free-body diagrams
for box A and box B.
Answer
Problem 6
5.0 kg
Two boxes are connected by a
A cord running over a pulley. The
coefficient of kinetic friction
between box A and the table is 0.2
B
FN
2.0 kg
a) Draw the free-body diagrams
FT
for box A and box B.
Answer
Ffr A FT B
mBg
mAg
Answer
2.0 kg
Problem 6 Two boxes are connected by a
5.0 kg cord running over a pulley. The
A
coefficient of kinetic friction
between box A and the table is 0.2
2.0 kg
A
Two boxes are connected by a
cord running over a pulley. The
coefficient of kinetic friction
B
between box A and the table is 0.2
Answer
2.0 kg
A
Two boxes are connected by a
cord running over a pulley. The
coefficient of kinetic friction
B
between box A and the table is 0.2
Answer
2.0 kg