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EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station Product description
EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station
Product description
Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

PDBTS3EO.DOC v 6 3DC 21083 0001 TQZZA 13/03/2006 24 1
All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization.
Scope
This document gives a description of the evolutions of the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station product
range.
Its major purpose is:
- to provide general information about the enhancements of the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base
Station product range,
- to give technical data for the different BTS configurations in GSM. Technical data in UMTS,
multi standard GSM/ UMTS and RAN sharing configurations, are described in document
“EVOLIUM™ A9100 MBS Product description”.
Preliminary notice:
Present edition introduces a number of new cabinets and modules: MBO1 Evolution, MBO2
Evolution and MBO Tropical outdoor cabinets, Antenna Networks Evolution, Twin TRX module.
As usual in such cases, a high degree of compatibility is provided with equipment of previous
generation: new modules can be used in former cabinets (with a condition on Software Release for
the Twin TRX module), and modules of previous generations can bu used in the new cabinets.
Present edition describes only the new equipment, which will progressively become the standard
delivery; for information on previous products, please refer to former editions.
As far as frequency dependant modules are concerned (Antenna Networks, TRX modules), new
modules are available initially in GSM 900 and GSM 1800 frequency band; they will be available in a
second step in GSM 850 and GSM 1900, on market request.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Notice of proprietary information
This document contains proprietary technical information belonging to Alcatel. By accepting this
material, the recipient agrees that this material will not be reproduced or used in whole or part except
as otherwise agreed between Alcatel and the recipient.

CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................5
2. MAIN PRINCIPLES ..........................................................................................................................8
2.1 Overall architecture................................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Antenna coupling level ..............................................................................................9
2.1.2 Transceiver (TRX) level ..........................................................................................15
2.1.3 Base station Control Function (BCF) level ..............................................................16
2.2 Mechanical and interface principles.....................................................................................16
2.2.1 Main principles: Standardization and modularity.....................................................16
2.2.2 Main advantages.....................................................................................................17
3. MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................18
3.1 Radio - Telecom - Transmission..........................................................................................18
3.1.1 Nominal RF performances ......................................................................................18
3.1.2 TX Diversity.............................................................................................................22
3.1.3 2 RX Diversity .........................................................................................................23
3.1.4 4 RX Diversity .........................................................................................................24
3.2 Operation and maintenance.................................................................................................26
4. CABINET DESCRIPTION ..............................................................................................................31
4.1 Indoor cabinets description ..................................................................................................31
4.2 Outdoor cabinets description ...............................................................................................33
4.2.1 Outdoor MBO1 Evolution and MBO2 Evolution cabinets description .....................34
4.2.2 Outdoor MBO Tropical cabinet description .............................................................36
4.2.3 Outdoor CBO cabinet description ...........................................................................37
4.3 Sub-rack and modules organization ....................................................................................39
4.4 External battery cabinet for outdoor BTSs ...........................................................................41
5. PRODUCT RANGE........................................................................................................................43
5.1 Standard configurations .......................................................................................................47
5.2 Low-loss configurations .......................................................................................................48
5.3 Multiband configurations ......................................................................................................49
5.3.1 Multi-band BTS configurations without multi-band cell ...........................................50
5.3.2 Multi-band BTS configurations with multi-band cell ................................................51
5.4 Configurations built with several cabinets............................................................................52
5.4.1 Configuration built with several cabinets and no split of sectors over two
cabinets...................................................................................................................52
5.4.2 Configuration built with several cabinets and the “cell split over two BTSs”
feature .....................................................................................................................52

5.4.3 Clock synchronisation of collocated cabinets .........................................................53

5.5 Extended cell configurations ................................................................................................53
5.6 Options.................................................................................................................................56
5.6.1 Tower-mounted amplifier ........................................................................................56
5.6.2 Transmission equipment.........................................................................................59
5.7 TX output power at antenna connector................................................................................59
5.8 Weight of modules and configurations ................................................................................60
5.9 Technical data of EVOLIUM™ A9100 BTS..........................................................................62
6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMC ASPECTS.....................................................................................64
6.1 Environmental conditions.....................................................................................................64
6.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ..................................................................................68
6.3 Acoustic noise......................................................................................................................68
6.4 Safety...................................................................................................................................68
6.5 Product Environmental Attributes ........................................................................................69
7. POWER CONSUMPTION, BACKUP TIMES AND POWER DISSIPATION .................................71
7.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................71
7.2 Power consumptions............................................................................................................73
7.3 Backup times .......................................................................................................................76
7.4 Power dissipation.................................................................................................................77
8. RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY.................................................................................................80
9. GLOSSARY....................................................................................................................................82

1. GENERAL
The EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station range is designed to ensure an outstanding quality of service
through very high radio performances and minimum service interruption, and to facilitate all kinds of
evolutions: Site extension or sectorization, implementation of future features by software download
only, evolution from coverage to capacity mode, evolution towards IP based transmission. In
addition, special attention was given to ease of deployment and maintenance. The use of highly
integrated modules and state-of-the-art components results in very high compactness and reliability.
The highlights of EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations are:
• Outstanding quality of service due to
- Very high radio performances, in particular

- Guaranteed receive sensitivity, -111 dBm, is far beyond the GSM requirement,
- Best-in-class coverage solutions (Twin TRXs with TX diversity, 4Rx diversity, low-loss
configurations, High Power TRXs) offer various ways of maximizing coverage of existing
or new sites,
- Radio (synthesized) frequency hopping and antenna diversity may be used to improve
spectrum efficiency.
- Very high capacity, with up to 24 TRX in MBI5 & MBO2 Evolution cabinets, by using the Twin
TRX and Antenna Network Evolution modules.
- Minimum service interruption

- Very high BTS availability due to both high module reliability and system architecture,
- Optimized software release migration thanks to the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station
capability to be pre-loaded and to store simultaneously two software versions.
• High flexibility
- Wide possibilities of extensions and sectorization can be performed within the same cabinet,
e.g., the MBO2 Evolution cabinet can accommodate up to six sectors with a 24-TRX total
capacity,
- Outdoor cabinets modularity provides flexibility for hosting extra optional equipment
(transmission, batteries, etc.),
- Same cabinet and system architecture for GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900;
EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station product range includes mixed configurations (e.g. GSM 900
and GSM 1800 within the same cabinet),
- High modularity, with a highly reduced set of modules and a common interface,
- Large panel of configurations matching every customer needs, in particular possibility to use
twin TRXs in capacity or coverage mode with remote switching between both modes that does
not require site visits.

• Ease of deployment and site interventions
- High compactness (reaching 22 litres per TRX for the indoor configurations with 24 TRXs, or
71 litres per TRX for outdoor MBO2 Evolution cabinet in footprints respectively 0,3m² and
1,15m²),
- Outdoor cabinets extension principle allows an easy site installation,
- Comprehensive set of self-tests,
- Minimum maintenance space necessary due to front access only.

• Future proof
- ready for future features, e.g. GERAN Evolutions, thanks to a software-download based
evolution strategy,
- ready for IP transport,
- UMTS ready: the MBI5 and MBO2 Evolution cabinets allow mixed configurations with 3x4 TRX
GSM and 3x4 carriers UMTS (description in a dedicated document.)

2. MAIN PRINCIPLES
2.1 Overall architecture
The EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station is based on a three-level modular architecture, consisting of:
- Antenna coupling level,

- Transceiver (TRX) level,
- Base station Control Function (BCF) level,
for which a reduced set of very highly integrated modules was developed.
The information flow between the Air interface and the A-bis interface is presented below.
Air interface
Antenna network stage Antenna network stage

ANC or ANB (note) ANC
)1)
Antenna
coupling level
Combiner stage (ANY) Combiner stage (ANY)
TRX level TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX TRX
BCF level Station unit module
Abis interface
Abbreviations
BCF Base station Control Function
TRX Transceiver
Figure 1: Overall EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station architecture
Note 1 : ANB module is limited to 2 TRX in No TX Div mode and to 1 TRX in TX Div mode.

2.1.1 Antenna coupling level
The antenna coupling level is the stage between the antennas and the TRX level; it handles the
combining functions as well as the interface with the antennas. A single Antenna Network module
performs these functions for up to 2 or up to 4 TRXs, depending on its type ("Antenna Network Bi-
TRX" or "Antenna Network Combiner"). For configurations of higher capacity, a Combiner stage can
be added. Thanks to the Antenna Network flexibility and to this modular building, the antenna
coupling level can be adapted to a wide range of requirements (reduction of attenuation losses,
minimization of the number of antennas…).
The general functions performed at this level are:
- Duplexing transmit and receive paths onto common antennas;

- Feeding the received signals from the antenna to the receiver front end, where the signals are
amplified and distributed to the different receivers (Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and power
splitter functions);
- Providing filtering for the transmit and the receive paths;
- Combining, if necessary, output signals of different transmitters and connecting them to the
antenna(s);
- Supervising antennas VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).
- Powering and supervising TMA through the feeder.
Some of those functions are only available in a given type or a given version of the modules, as
described in more details in following chapters.
For those modules that include combiners (ANC, ANY), the hybrid Wide-band combining technique
is used, since it avoids tuning problems and is more reliable compared to remotely tunable cavities.
Moreover it is compatible with the Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH).
2.1.1.1 The Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module
The Antenna Network Combiner module connects up to four transmit signals to two antennas, and
distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to four receivers (for the normal and the
diversity reception). This module includes twice the same structure, each structure containing:
- one duplexer allowing a single antenna to be used for the transmission and reception of both
downlink and uplink channels- hence minimizing the number of antenna
- a frequency selective VSWR meter to monitor antenna feeder and antenna
- one LNA amplifying the receive RF signal, and giving good VSWR values, noise compression
and good reliability

- two splitter levels distributing the received signal to four separate outputs so that each output
receives the signal from its dedicated antenna and from the second one (diversity)
- one Wide Band Combiner (WBC), concentrating two transmitter outputs into one, only for
configurations with more than two TRX
- insertion of 12V DC current in the feeder in order to provide power to TMAs when TMAs are
used; there is thus no need for separate Power Distribution Unit (PDU) nor Bias-Tee (Feeder
Lightning protections, that come with the ANC in case of outdoor BTSs, are themselves of a
new type, compatible with this DC power feeding) (This function is only available with the new
Evolution version of this module; it can be disabled, even if TMAs are used, in case those
TMAs have their own PDUs).
Each sector is equipped with at least one such stage, which features very high sensitivity reception,
low attenuation, and minimum inter-modulation products.
Except when explicitly mentioned, present edition considers only the new Evolution version of this
module, that is equivalent from a functional point of view to the previous one with the following
improvements:
- reduced module size (1/4th of a subrack instead of 1/3rd)

- powering and supervision of TMAs through the antenna feeders,
- new "Snap N connectors" on the TRX side (faster and more secure connection, with
compatibility with exiting cables as well as with new cables themselves equipped with "Snap N
connectors"
It is fully compatible with the former ANC; it can be used in any circumstance the former ANC was
used, e.g. as replacement or for extensions; ANCs of two generations can be mixed in the same
cabinet and even in same sector and can also be used either with the new Twin TRX module or with
any previous TRX generation (e.g. EDGE + TRX).

The ANC can be manually configured (on site) in two modes depending on the number of TRX in the
sector and on the mode in which the Twin TRX module is used:
- The No-combining mode for configuration up to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up to

one TRX if TX Diversity is used (two TRX ports must then be connected to the two Antenna
Connector ports of a same Twin TRX module); in these cases, the Wide Band Combiner is not
needed, and therefore bypassed as shown in the figure 2:
Antenna A Antenna B
TXA - RXA - RXdivB TXB- RXB - RXdivA
Duplexer Duplexer
Filter Filter Filter Filter
LNA LNA
Splitter Splitter By-pass function

By-pass function
WBC Splitter Splitter Splitter Splitter WBC
TX RXn RXd RXd RXn TX

TRX 1 TRX 2
Figure 2 : The Antenna Network Combiner - No-combining mode & No TX Div mode
- The Combining mode for configuration from 3 up to 4 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up to
2 TRX if TX Diversity is used (two TRX ports must then be connected to the two Antenna
Connector ports of a same Twin TRX module); in these cases, the Wide Band combiner is not
bypassed, as shown in the figure 3:

Antenna A Antenna B
Duplexer Duplexer
LNA LNA
Splitter Splitter
WBC Splitter Splitter Splitter Splitter WBC
TX RXn RXd TX RXn RXd RXdRXn TX RXd RXn TX

TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4
Figure 3: The Antenna Network Combiner - Combining mode & No TX Div mode
2.1.1.2 The Antenna Network Bi-TRX (ANB) module
The Antenna Network Bi-TRX module connects up to 2 transmit signals to two antennas, and
distributes the received signals from each antenna to up to 2 receivers (for the normal and the
diversity reception). This module includes twice the same structure, each structure containing:
- one duplexer allowing a single antenna to be used for the transmission and reception of both
downlink and uplink channels- hence minimizing the number of antenna
- a frequency selective VSWR meter to monitor antenna feeder and antenna
- one LNA amplifying the receive RF signal, and giving good VSWR values, noise compression
and good reliability
- one splitter level distributing the received signal to two outputs so that each output receive the
signal from its dedicated antenna and from the second one (diversity)
- insertion of 12V DC current in the feeder in order to provide power to TMAs when TMAs are
used; there is thus no need for separate Power Distribution Unit (PDU) (Feeder Lightning
protections, that come with the Antenna Networks in case of outdoor BTSs, are themselves of
a new type, compatible with this DC power feeding) (This function is only available with the
new Evolution version of this module)

Except when explicitly mentioned, present edition considers only the new Evolution version of this
module, that is equivalent from a functional point of view to the previous one with following
improvements:
- reduced module size (1/4th of a subrack instead of 1/3rd)

- powering and supervision of TMAs through the antenna feeders,
- new "Snap N connectors" on the TRX side (faster and more secure connection, with
compatibility with exiting cables as well as with new cables themselves equipped with "Snap N
connectors"
It is fully compatible with the former ANB; it can be used in any circumstance the former ANB was
used, e.g. as replacement or for extensions; ANBs of two generations can be mixed in the same
cabinet and even in same sector and can also be used either with the new Twin TRX module or with
any previous TRX generation (e.g. EDGE + TRX).
Antenna A Antenna B
Duplexer Duplexer
LNA LNA
Splitter Splitter
TX RXn RXd RXd RXn TX
TRX 1 TRX 2
Figure 4 : The Antenna Network Bi-TRX & No TX Div mode
From a functional point of view, the Antenna Network Bi-TRX is similar to Antenna Network
Combiner used in No Combining Mode, and is thus adapted to all cases where the number of TRX
connected to the Antenna Network is not greater than 2 (up to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or
up to one 1 TRX if TX Diversity is used); it includes for example:
- CBO configurations
- low loss configurations with no more than 4TRXs per sector (e.g. MBO2 Evolution 3x4 LL,
MBI3 1x4 LL)
- multi-band configurations with three sectors in each band.

2.1.1.3 The Twin Wide Band Combiner (ANY) module
The Twin Wide Band Combiner stage (ANY) combines up to four transmitters into two outputs, and
distributes the two received signals up to four receivers. This module includes twice the same
structure, each structure containing:
- one wide band combiner (WBC), concentrating two transmitter outputs into one
- two splitters, each one distributing the received signal to two separate outputs providing
diversity and non-diversity path
TxA RxA RxdivA TxB RxB RxdivB
WBC Splitter Splitter WBC Splitter Splitter
Tx Rxn Rxdiv Tx Rxn Rxdiv Tx Rxn Rxdiv Tx Rxn Rxdiv
Figure 5: The Twin Wide Band Combiner module (ANY)
For standard configurations (for details please refer to dedicated chapter), for which each sector is
connected to two antennas (or one cross-polarized antenna), the Twin Wide Band Combiner module
(ANY) is only necessary for sectors with five or more TRXs as shown in Figure 5 below.
Antennas
Antenna network Combining

ANC
Twin combiner stage Twin combiner stage

ANY ANY
TRXs TRXs
Figure 6: Configuration with 1x8 TRXs

2.1.2 Transceiver (TRX) level
The transceiver (TRX) level covers GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 functionalities,
including full rate, half rate, enhanced full rate, GPRS/EDGE, antenna diversity, radio frequency
hopping (synthesized hopping) and different ciphering algorithms.
Present edition considers only the new Twin TRX module.
This Twin TRX module is an ultra-compact TRX module that can be used in configurations in all
generations of EVOLIUM™ BTS cabinets and can be mixed with TRX of previous generations. The
twin TRX module contains the functionality of up to 2 TRXs and has the same size as a single TRX
module of the previous generation :
Previous generation: New Generation: Twin TRX:

1 module -> 1TRX 1 module -> 2 TRX
T TWIN
R
X
TRX
The Twin TRX can work in two modes:
- "No TX Diversity", or "Capacity" mode: in this mode, two TRX (2 x 8 radio TS) are used in the
twin module. The two TRXs can be connected to different Antenna Networks belonging to
different sectors (Twin TRX sharing).
- "TX Diversity", or "Coverage" mode: in this mode, one TRX (8 radio TS) is used in the twin
module, with TX Diversity function: the two branches of the twin module send the same signal,
with an optimized time delay between both signals. Thanks to on-air combining and diversity
gain, this mode is equivalent to a very high TX power (up to 175 W in dense urban and GSM
900, assuming a diversity gain of 2.9 dB). For the uplink path, either 2 way (optionally with
TMA) or 4 way Receive Diversity can be used in order to balance the link budget.
The Twin TRX module is a product evolution that corresponds to two different strategies in the quest
for profitability:

- Reducing the cost of each BTS site: As the Twin TRX module brings two TRXs for the size of
one previous TRX module, highly compact configurations are possible. These more compact
configurations need less floor space (thus reducing rental cost) and consume less power. The
maximum configurations are: up to 8 TRX in a compact CBO (4 Twin TRX modules), up to 12
TRX in an MBO1 Evolution and MBI3 cabinet (6 Twin TRX modules), and up to 24 TRX in an
MBO2 Evolution or MBI5 cabinet (12 Twin TRX modules).
- Decreasing the number of BTS sites necessary: With its best-in-class radio performance and
the very high output power (up to 175 W in GSM 900) when using TX Div, less radio sites are
necessary to obtain the same quality coverage. Using 4RxDiv or 2RxDiv and TMA may be
required in order to balance the link budget.
2.1.3 Base station Control Function (BCF) level
This level is ensured by the Station Unit Module (SUM), which is the central unit of the BTS. There is
only one such module per BTS, whatever the number of sectors and TRXs is ("Station Unit
Sharing").
The main base station control functions performed are as follows:
- Generating the clocks for all other BTS modules; the clocks can be either synchronized to an
external clock reference - e.g. A-bis link, another BTS - or generated in a pure free-run mode
by an internal frequency generator.
- Ensuring central BTS Operation & Maintenance (O&M) application,
- Handling the A-bis transmission links (up to two A-bis interfaces),
- Handling Operation and Maintenance Link (OML) and Qmux (transmission equipment super-
vision) protocols,
- Controlling the AC/DC function when integrated inside the BTS (Outdoor or Indoor AC
configurations),
- Controlling the battery (capacity, voltage, temperature),
- Setting the optimal voltage and current for battery charging.
2.2 Mechanical and interface principles
2.2.1 Main principles: Standardization and modularity
There is only a single type of subracks. A common interface for all modules has been defined. No
dedicated locations within the subrack for each module are pre-assigned; the module location within
the BTS is defined by the engineering rules, easy front cabling, optimization of thermal dissipation,
easy assembly, dismounting and extensions on site.

All active modules have their own integrated power supply. Each basic module supports hot insertion
and extraction. No service interruption is thus necessary during most maintenance interventions.
A connection area is provided on the top of the indoor cabinet so as to link all external connections to
the BTS (A-bis, power supply, external alarms, etc.).
The BTSs have been designed in such a way, that an easy disassembling for recycling is possible.
All modules are fixed in the sub-racks with Cam-Locks, which can be fastened and unfastened very
quickly without need for specific tools.
To fulfill strong vibration requirements some heavy weight modules in outdoor BTS are additionally
fastened with screws.
Snap-In technology is used as much as possible as e.g. for the fan cassettes, over voltages
protection for data lines and signal inputs for external alarms.
2.2.2 Main advantages
The main advantages resulting from the architecture and the mechanical principles chosen are:
- The Antenna Network Combining (ANC) can be changed easily on site between Combining
mode and No-combining mode,
- The Twin TRX can be changed remotely from coverage to capacity mode, without requiring
on-site visit, provided proper cabling was done at installation stage,
- The addition of TRXs, or even sectors, is possible on operational sites. This can be made
easier in terms of time intervention and outage if the necessary antenna coupling devices are
already pre-equipped,
- The selection of a BTS cabinet type depends only on the maximum number of TRXs to be
provided in future; it is not linked to the BTS configuration, e.g. omni/sectored configuration,
number of antennas or TRXs per sector.
- The Outdoor MBO1 Evolution BTS can be extended on site to an Outdoor MBO2 Evolution
BTS, by adding an extension cabinet (MBOE).
- Easy commissioning and management of various configurations,
- Open for future evolutions.

3. MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS
3.1 Radio - Telecom - Transmission
3.1.1 Nominal RF performances
Frequency bands
The hardware supports the GSM 850, Extended GSM 900, the GSM 1800 and the GSM 1900 bands:
uplink downlink
GSM 850 824 MHz to 849 MHz 869 MHz to 894 MHz
P-GSM 900 890 MHz to 915 MHz 935 MHz to 960 MHz
E-GSM 900 880 MHz to 915 MHz 925 MHz to 960 MHz
Speech Codecs
Full rate (FR), half rate (HR), enhanced full rate and Adaptive multi rate (AMR) are supported. The
half-rate, enhanced full-rate and adaptive multi-rate functioning requires that the BSS software
release and the other network elements also support these codecs.
Ciphering algorithms
The BTS range supports A5/1 and A5/2 ciphering algorithms; A5/0 = ‘no ciphering’ is always
supported. Provisions are taken for A5/3 to A5/7 when defined.
Twin TRX
The Twin TRX module is EDGE capable and can be mixed with TRX of any previous generation in
any EVOLIUM™ BTS cabinet, and used with any Antenna Network generation.
The Twin TRX module is available in GSM 900 & 1800 in a first step, and will be available in GSM
850 & 1900 in a second step.

TX power of TRX (at TRX output) :
The TRX module supports EDGE. The modulation and the Tx power can change dynamically on a
per time-slot basis. When transmitting at full power, the RF performances for the time-slot are:
Frequency band TX output power, GMSK TX output power, 8-PSK (EDGE)

GSM 850 45 W = 46.5 dBm 15 W = 41.8 dBm
GSM 900 MP (*) 45 W = 46.5 dBm 30 W = 44.8 dBm
GSM 900 HP 60 W = 47.8 dBm 30 W = 44.8 dBm
GSM 1800 MP (*) 35 W = 45.4 dBm 30 W = 44.8 dBm
GSM 1800 HP 60 W = 47.8 dBm 30 W = 44.8 dBm
GSM 1900 45 W = 46.5 dBm 25 W = 44.0 dBm
(*) Note that for the Twin TRX, the TX output powers above are in capacity mode, i.e. each of the
functional TRX achieves these output powers. In coverage mode, i.e. with Tx Diversity, a
significant extra gain has to be considered (see "TX Diversity" chapter) thanks to on-air
combining and diversity.
RX sensitivity of TRX :
The Evolium BTS has an outstanding RX sensitivity, guaranteed in all propagation environments and
all frequency bands, independently from the number of combiner levels. Without TMA, the RX
sensitivity for FR speech channels is: -111dBm, which is 7dB better than 3GPP specification
requirements.
In GPRS/EDGE, the Evolium BTS achieves also superior performances, typically between 6 and 9dB
better than 3GPP requirements. It is important also to consider the reference interference levels
since GPRS/EDGE throughputs are very dependent on interference.
Note that Receive Diversity (2 way or 4 way) is supported and offers significant gains vs. no receive
diversity (see below for more details).
Multiband capabilities
Thanks to the high flexibility of the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station, GSM 850 and GSM 1800 TRXs
or GSM 850 and GSM 1900 TRXs or GSM 900 and GSM 1800 TRXs or GSM 900 and GSM 1900
TRXs can be located in the same cabinet with a single Station Unit Module (SUM).

Synthesizer frequency hopping
Synthesizer frequency hopping (or so-called radio frequency hopping) is supported by the whole BTS
range, its use being optional. Two frequency hopping modes are available:
- Standard RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRXs can have N-1 TRXs hopping (the TRX
carrying the BCCH is not hopping), on M frequencies (M usually > N).
- Pseudo baseband RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRXs can have all its N TRXs hopping on
N frequencies.
Power control
According to GSM: Dynamic 30 dB - step size 2 dB.
Synchronization
The clocks can be
- generated in a pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator,

- synchronized to an external clock reference:
- A-bis link (PCM-synchronized),

- Another BTS (slave mode), previous BTS generation may be used;
Transmission
Two physical A-bis interfaces, allowing a flexible connection of base stations to the BSC in star,
chain or loop configuration, are realized according to ITU-T recommendations G.703/G.704. In case
higher data throughputs (> 2 Mbit/s) are necessary on the A-bis interface e.g. due to introduction of
EDGE, both A-bis interfaces can be configured as data inputs for the BTS.
In addition, Alcatel supports a signal attenuation on A-bis of up to 36 dB, which allows that base
stations can be connected with increased transmission distances without any repeater. In case of
BTS power shutdown, the A-bis link is not interrupted for the following BTSs (by-pass mechanism).
For A-bis termination impedance value, two standards exist : 75 Ω or 120 Ω. Depending on the
country and /or the operator, the A-bis termination impedance can be one of these two values. The
EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station accepts the two values. It is configured on site, during
commissioning, to the value used by the operator.

The EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station supports A-bis static signaling multiplexing, where the Radio
Signaling Links (RSLs) of four TRXs are submultiplexed on one 64-kbits/s PCM channel. It is thus
possible to connect in particular a 3x4-TRXs configuration with only one PCM (28 time slots needed)
if connected to other EVOLIUM™ BSS equipment.
The BTS also supports statistical signaling submultiplexing features. The Statistical multiplexing on a
64-kbits/s channel enables the use of one to four RSLs and the OML on the same 64- kbits/s time
slot. It will result in time-slot savings on the A-bis link.
For example, a BTS with four TRXs will take nine time slots, a BTS with two TRXs only five and a
3x4-TRXs configuration only 27 timeslots
Microwave integration
Microwave links are one of the possibilities to provide 2Mbit/s links required for connection to the
BSC or to other BTSs.
Microwave equipment are typically made of two parts:
- a "radio part" that includes the antenna and the associated transmitter/receiver; this part is
typically installed outdoor, where the antenna must be, and is thus also called the "Outdoor
Unit" (ODU).
- a "baseband part" that takes in charge base band processing plus other common functions;
this second part is designed to be installed indoor, and is thus also called the "Indoor Unit"
(IDU)
EVOLIUM™ A9100 outdoor BTSs provide space (up to 3U in the CBO cabinet, up to 2x6U in the
MBO1 Evolution or in the MBO2 Evolution left part; up to 3U in addition in the extension part of the
MBO2 Evolution) for integration of several IDUs, more than enough for the typical needs of a BTS
site. When several IDUs are integrated in the BTS a Digital Distribution Frame (DDF) shall be used
to branch 2Mbit signals between SUMA and individual MW links (e.g. chain configuration).
The exact number of IDUs that can be used depends on the mechanical and electrical
characteristics of these IDUs, and possibly on the use of other additional equipment (e.g.NTL for
PCM line termination)) that would use the same resources inside the Mounting Frame for 19"
equipment, power supply connectors, power dissipation limit, power consumption limit, ...
As far as microwaves are concerned, the required DDF is 3U high (at least the standard one
proposed for 120 Ohm transmissions); IDUs are typically 1U high each; this allows to assess the
maximum number of IDU that can be used.
More specifically, within the Alcatel A9400 UX range of microwave products, the following
possibilities are offered:

- 19" x 1U Standard Indoor Units (Standard, or Classic, IDU) giving access to the full range of
transmission capacities (capacity : 2x2, 4x2, 8x2, 16x2, 34+2 Mbit/s) in 13-23-25-38 GHz
frequency bands; and able to be coupled to provide 1+1 securisation,
- 19" x 1U Light Indoor Units (Light IDU), with capacities of 2x2 and 4x2 Mbit/s in 13-23-25-38
GHz frequency bands and in 1+0 (no securization)
One IDU must be used per individual microwave link; possible cases are, for example:
- one IDU for a single non securized (1+0) link e.g. to connect the BTS to the BSC
- two IDUs for a single link securized in 1+1, e.g. to connect the BTS to the BSC (only the
Standard, or Classic, IDU can be used in this case)
- 4 IDUs in a case where the BTS is connected to the BSC via a securized (1+1) microwave link,
and is also used as a branching point for a microwave transmission network with one
microwave link going for example to the next BTS on the same multidrop from the BSC, and
another microwave going to another BTS site.
EDGE
TRX hardware is prepared for broadband data applications as EDGE (release dependent).
No upgrade nor hardware retrofit is necessary inside the BTS for the EDGE functionality.
3.1.2 TX Diversity
TX Diversity feature is possible with Twin TRX module in coverage mode only. In this case, the Twin
TRX module handles one TRX. The two branches of the Twin TRX module send the same TRX
signal to two different antennas, thereby leading to an on-air combining gain of 3dB. In order to
ensure de-correlated propagation, both signals are sent with a short time delay in-between, optimized
to take maximum advantage of the MS equalizer. This leads to an additional diversity gain of up to
3dB.
TX Diversity works with all types of Mobile stations since it is fully transparent to the receiver; this
feature takes advantage of the MS equalizer which can already handle multiple paths with different
times of arrival.
Consequently, the equivalent TX output power is very high, up to 6dB above the nominal TX output
power, which improves the coverage and reduces the number of sites needed to cover a given area,
provided the link budget remains balanced or downlink-limited The table below provides the typical
gains achieved thanks to TX Diversity and the equivalent TX output power that can be considered for
link budget calculations. Note that such gains are environment-dependent since they are highly
related to the level of de-correlation between paths.

Environment Total TX diversity gain Equivalent TX output power (GMSK)

Dense Urban (TU3) 5.9 dB GSM900: 52.4dBm (175W)
GSM1800: 51.3dBm (136W)
Sub Urban (TU50) 4.6 dB GSM900: 51.1dBm (129W)
GSM1800: 50dBm (100W)
Rural (RA100) 4 dB GSM900: 50.5dBm (113W)
GSM1800: 49.4dBm (88W)
In 8-PSK, the TX diversity gain is highly dependent on the coding scheme, the environment and the
level of Carrier to Interference+Noise Ratio. No significant gains are expected.
3.1.3 2 RX Diversity
The TRX module supports enhanced diversity combining in all frequency bands, which is based on
several algorithms:
• A beam-forming algorithm to improve the received signal by steering a beam in the direction of
the mobile. This is one way of doing smart antennas,
• An algorithm to reduce interference: this mitigates the influence of interferers by steering a null
beam in the direction of the main interferer (the phase difference between the two antennas
for the strongest interfering signal is estimated and then this interfering signal is strongly
attenuated by summing the signals with an inversed phase).
Maximum efficiency of enhanced diversity combining is achieved when the useful/desired signal and
the interfering signals emanate from different directions. In interference-limited environments, beam-
forming algorithms will provide a much greater diversity gain compared to traditional maximum ratio
combining.
The above mentioned algorithms are working together in a way to combat spatial interferer signals while
keeping optimal sensitivity perfomance for undisturbed but week reception.
The table below provides the typical gains achieved thanks to 2RX enhanced Diversity and the
equivalent Rx sensitivity that can be considered for link budget calculations. Note that such gains are
environment-dependent since they are highly related to the level of de-correlation between paths.
The gains include all contributions:
• Diversity gain coming from the fact that the signals received on both antennas are de-
correlated (this requires using Xpol antennas or largely spaced antennas)
• Array-Gain or Beamforming gain : coming from the fact, that co-phased signals are added
(stronger combined signal power) for this direction
• Null Steering / Interference Reduction (with a spatial interferer) coming from a algorithm which
reduces the interference (the figures below assume a standard interference margin is
considered for the link budget)

Environment Total 2RX diversity gain Equivalent RX sensitivity (without TMA)

Dense Urban (TU3) 6 dB -117dBm
Sub Urban (TU50) 5 dB -116dBm
Rural (RA100) 3.5 dB -114.5dBm
2 RX diversity allows improving the uplink thereby enlarging coverage (less sites needed) for
balanced or uplink-limited link budgets. This feature is provided as a standard feature for all
configurations (i.e. using two vertical-polarized antennas per sector or one cross-polarized antenna).
A TMA may be needed in order to better balance the link budget, especially if High Power or TX
diversity is used.
2 RX diversity also provides significant benefits for GPRS/EDGE since it allows achieving higher
throughputs for given radio conditions.
3.1.4 4 RX Diversity
4 RX diversity is supported by the Twin TRX module in coverage mode only. It uses exactly the same
algorithms as for 2Rx diversity, i.e. beam-forming techniques are implemented. The table below
provides the typical gains achieved thanks to 4RX enhanced Diversity and the equivalent Rx
sensitivity that can be considered for link budget calculations.
Environment Total 4RX diversity gain Equivalent RX sensitivity (without TMA)

Dense Urban (TU3) 10 dB -121dBm
Sub Urban (TU50) 8.6 dB -119.6dBm
Rural (RA100) 6.4 dB -117.4dBm
4 RX diversity also provides significant benefits for GPRS/EDGE since it allows achieving higher
throughputs for given radio conditions.

The diagram below shows that 4RX Diversity requires two Antenna Network modules per sector,
thereby needing either 4 vertical-polarized or 2 cross-polarized antennas.
TX1 TX2
RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4
0
Antenna Network Antenna Network
TWIN
TRX
Figure : Twin TRX module in TX Div & 4 RX div

3.2 Operation and maintenance
Station unit sharing
A single station unit module supports any BTS configuration, whatever the number of TRXs and
sectors in one cabinet is.
Recovering - initiating
In case of interruptions on A-bis or of power supply, the BTS recovers automatically when the failure
has disappeared.
The service interruption is minimized at initiation or restart: The EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station
performs a fast restart after a breakdown (BTS software files are stored in a non-volatile memory).
Only the minimum necessary files are required from the BSC.
Automatic shutdown
For AC powered EVOLIUM™ base stations, automatic progressive shutdown is performed in case of
mains power failure so as to save the battery capacity, thus increasing the backup time. In such a
situation, a timer is set and when it expires, TRXs are switched off with the exception of the BCCH
TRX. If the BCCH TRX is configured without SDCCH and/or TCH, the TRX which carries the missing
SDCCH and/or TCH is also kept powered so that calls are still possible in the cell.
When the mains comes back during battery usage, for a given time (BTS timer), the TRX previously
switched off for automatic shutdown, are autonomously switched on and initialized, in order to be
used by the system.
The value of the timers can be modified via the BTS terminal equipment.
The automatic shutdown feature can be activated or de-activated by the operator from BTS terminal.
Battery backup
For indoor AC cabinet, following choices are offered depending on the backup time required:
- Small battery integrated in the Indoor AC cabinet, with backup time at least 3 minutes
(depending on configuration).
- one 90 Ah battery integrated in the cabinet itself,
- up to three 90 Ah batteries in an external dedicated indoor cabinet, with no impact on the
maximum number of TRX available in the Indoor AC cabinet (in this case no internal battery
can be used).

For outdoor AC cabinets, following choices are offered depending on the backup time required (with
no impact on the maximum number of TRX available in the cabinet):
- Up to two 90 Ah batteries can be integrated in the MBO1 Evolution or MBO2 Evolution

cabinets (the space occupied by one battery can be alternatively used by a 6U Mounting
Frame for 19" equipment; using two batteries thus exludes such Mounting Frames; in MBO2
cabinet, another 3U space remains available in the right part of the cabinet in any case)
- one small battery integrated in the CBO cabinet, providing at least 10 minutes backup
(depending on CBO configuration).
- up to three 90 Ah batteries in an external dedicated outdoor cabinet (in which case no internal
battery can be used).
The indoor external battery cabinet can be shared between up to 3 BTS; e.g. battery cabinet shared
between 2 BTS : one BTS uses one battery and another BTS uses 2 batteries (Batteries themselves
cannot be shared: each one has to be dedicated to a given BTS).
In order to avoid battery damage, deep discharge protection is activated when the battery voltage
drops to 42V.
For more details on battery backup (e.g. battery backup times), please refer to chapter “Power
consumption, backup times and power dissipation”.
Hot replacement / insertion of modules
All basic modules support hot insertion and extraction.
External alarms
For all BTSs, 16 inputs can be used for external alarms.
MBO and CBO have the following details :
• MBO:
- 11 of the inputs are available for external equipment:

- 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with overvoltage protection,
- 8 inputs are available for optional modules inside the cabinet
- 5 inputs are for dedicated for equipment inside the cabinets: heat exchanger, door switch, key
switch, smoke detector, water detector (the last two being optional)

• CBO:
- 11 of the inputs are available for external equipment:

- 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet, with galvanic protection,
- 8 inputs are available for optional modules inside the cabinet
- the other 5 inputs are pre-cabled inside the cabinet (heat exchanger, door switch),
Power supply
EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations are available in two types of configurations DC and AC, according
to the following table :
Power supply type Cabinet

MBI CBO MBO
24V DC Yes No No
-48 V to –60 V DC ± 20 % Yes Yes Yes
230 V AC ± 15 %, single phase, 47 to 63 Hz Yes Yes Yes
400 V AC ± 15 %, three phase, 47 to 63 Hz No No Yes
Note :- The 24 V DC version of MBI is obtained through the use of internal 24 V/-48 V DC/DC
converter modules
Temperature
In order to ensure appropriate cooling within the cabinets, indoor and outdoor EVOLIUM™ A9100
BTS are equipped with cooling fans. The on/off and speed of the cooling fans are controlled
autonomously by the BTS, thanks to some sensors. If a cooling fan fails, the BTS autonomously
increases the speed of the other cooling fans, if necessary.
Moreover, the outdoor EVOLIUM™ A9100 BTS are equipped with heat exchangers in order to
reduce the internal BTS temperature, by exchanging the heat between outside and inside the BTS.
Note : The outdoor EVOLIUM™ A9100 BTS can also be equipped with heating unit (option). But the
function of the heating unit is the opposite of the one of the heat exchangers. In fact, the heating
units are used in order to increase the BTS internal temperature when required (which in fact occurs,
if ever, during very limited periods of times: see below).
Heating units
For outdoor configurations, heating units may have to be added according to the climate where the
BTS is installed. They are in fact used in order to maintain the internal BTS temperature above 0°C.
Note that in general, in the climate where heating units are needed, the case where the internal BTS
can be below 0°C is during BTS startup. In fact, when the BTS is operational, the internal
temperature increases due to heat dissipation of internal modules (e.g. TRX).

The following table gives the climate types definition and the number of heating units needed for
each climate type :
Climate type CBO MBO1 MBO2

Evolution Evolution
Temperate and cold climate 1 1 2
Tropical climate 0 0 0
Tropical climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-3 class 3.1 (T> +5°C)
Temperate climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-4 class 4.1 (T> -33°C)
Cold climate: Temperature range according to ETS 300-019-1-4 class 4.1E (T> -45°C)
Heat exchangers
Outdoor configurations include heat exchangers; they ensure proper heat exchanges between the
inside and the outside of the cabinet, in order to reduce the BTS internal temperature, while isolating
the airflow within the cabinet from the outside environment; they include their own fans (not to be
confused with the cooling fans mentioned above).
Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation
The BTS is able to detect unbalanced losses/powers within a sector and automatically compensate
it. This enables the use of TRXs of different power within the same sector, or the use of different
combining path for TRX belonging to the same sector. The balancing feature can be disabled by
operator, if the goal is to have unbalanced TRX (e.g. concentric cell functionality by using TRXs of
different output power).
Auto-detection (release dependent)
Through internal periodic hardware polling, the BTS is able to detect any new plugged-in hardware
components (TRX, coupling elements…) and informs the BSC.
This facility allows to simplify and speed up the BTS extension (typically add TRX), with no need for
the operator to describe explicitly neither the BTS configuration, nor its hardware capabilities.

Auto-identification
The following parameters are stored and are accessible from the BTS terminal equipment and in a
second step from the OMC-R:
- Type and location for each managed module (i.e. replaceable units),
- The sector to which each Antenna Network module belongs to,
- The mapping TRX / Antenna Network, and the connectivity status,
- The hardware capabilities,
- All the installed BTS hardware and software modules.
Commissioning tests
In order to reduce the commissioning time, a set of dedicated autotests has been developed. These
tests are used to check that the BTS will operate correctly according to the expected configuration.
Two kinds of test can be run:
- Checking that the BTS has not suffered a fatal damage during transport and installation,
- Checking the complete BTS configuration (hardware, software, and parameter configuration).
Software migration
Thanks to the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station capability to be pre-loaded and to store
simultaneously two software-versions (with the possibility of activating one or the other on request
from the BSC), the software migration is performed with very minimum service interruption.
Firmware downloading
All firmware are downloadable, except boot firmware.

4. CABINET DESCRIPTION
4.1 Indoor cabinets description
Two types of Multi-Standard Base Station Indoor cabinets (also called racks) are available: the MBI3
cabinet, with three sub-racks, and the MBI5 cabinet, with five sub-racks. The MBI5 cabinet can host
GSM or UMTS modules or both together, thereby allowing a very cost-effective introduction of
UMTS, i.e. without impact site engineering.
External MBI3 BTS MBI5 BTS

dimensions 19" (# 48 cm) internal
Depth 45 cm 45 cm
50 mm
Top fan 1U
Height 130 cm 194 cm
Connection area 120 mm
Width 60 cm 60 cm
Max. TRX
12 TRX 24 TRX Subrack 6U
capacity
Fan stage 1U
Air inlet 1U
19" (# 48 cm) internal

Subrack 6U
Top fan 1U
Connection area 120 mm
Dummy panel 1U
Subrack 6U Subrack 6U
Fan stage 1U Fan stage 1U

Air inlet 1U Air inlet 1U
Dummy panel 1U Dummy panel 1U
Fan stage 1U Fan stage 1U

Air inlet 1U Air inlet 1U
Stand 50 mm Stand 50 mm
MBI3 BTS MBI5 BTS

(3 subracks) (5 subracks)
Figure 7: EVOLIUM™ indoor A9100 Base Stations MBI
The cabinets are designed for installation back to back or to the wall; installation in rows is
supported.

The cabinets have no side doors; the interior can be accessed from the front (all cabling is also
accessible from the front side).
The only distance constraints are:
- Front clearance 1m (doors opening and external connections)

- Top side clearance 0.3 m (external connections)
The EVOLIUM™ MBI3 and MBI5 A9100 Base Station cabinets are generally not fixed on the floor,
but positioned on leveling plates; they can be fixed on the floor as an option.
MBI3 and MBI5 are two independent cabinets. MBI3 cabinet can not then be extended to MBI5
cabinet.
MBI3 and MBI5 have 12 antenna connectors, which allows up to 6 sectors.
The DC version of the MBI3 and MBI5 Indoor cabinets is designed to operate from external Direct
Current (DC) power supply voltages (0/-48 V to 0/-60 V +/- 20%). Therefore, external equipment
must provide the appropriate current, such as power supply equipment containing AC/DC rectifiers
and batteries, or solar panels.
The AC version of these cabinets is designed to operate directly from external Alternative Current
(AC) main supplies (230 V AC). This solution avoids the use of an external power supply equipment,
which is a gain in term of cost and floor space.
In case of backup need, the choice between three types of batteries is offered, depending on the
required backup time: see section "Battery backup" of chapter "MAIN FEATURES AND
CHARACTERISTICS" above).
When equipped for AC power, MBI3 and MBI5 include the necessary rectifiers: then, several
possibilities may exist (with different maximum TRX capacity, as shown in chapter "PRODUCT
RANGE") as far as battery is concerned:
- including a 90 Ah (BU90) inside a MBI5 cabinet,

- including a "small battery" (BU5),
- using an external cabinet (of same mechanical characteristics as MBI3 cabinet) including up to
three 90Ah batteries(BU90).
Using a 90 Ah battery inside the BTS cabinet is only possible with appropriate version of the MBI5
cabinet, with the bottom subrack dedicated to this battery; the other cases are possible with both the
MBI3 and MBI5 cabinets in their "standard" version, i.e. with no subrack dedicated to batteries inside
the cabinet.

Tables in chapter "PRODUCT RANGE" give the exact types of configurations and maximum capacity
that are available in Indoor AC.
MBI3 and MBI5 allow to supply external modules with in 48 V DC, with up to 500 W.
4.2 Outdoor cabinets description
Two families of outdoor cabinets are available:
- the Multi-Standard Base Station Outdoor cabinets (MBO cabinets), that include the MBO1
Evolution and MBO2 Evolution cabinets; they allow a wide variety of configurations, with a lot
of flexibility to extend from one configuration to another or even from the MBO1 Evolution
cabinet to the MBO2 Evolution cabinet; as their name imply, they are designed taking into
account the multi-standard context: the same cabinets can be used for GSM or for UMTS
applications; and most of those cabinets even allow multi-standard configurations, i.e.
configurations in which radio modules from both GSM and UMTS standards are
simultaneously present (in fact, only the MBO1 Evolution, due to its compact size/ low height
does not allow such multi-standard configurations)
- the Compact Base Station Outdoor cabinet (CBO) that targets specific applications for which
the number of TRXs per cabinet is low (8 TRX max), both at installation time and for a
foreseeable future; taking such assumptions in consideration allows to define a very compact
and cost effective cabinet adapted for those situations that are typical of rural application with
very low density of traffic.
The AC version of these cabinets is designed to operate directly from external Alternating Current
(AC) main supplies. This solution avoids the use of an external power supply equipment, which is a
gain in term of cost and floor space.
The DC version of these cabinets is designed to operate from external Direct Current (DC) power
supply voltages. This is adapted when external DC source of current is preferred, such as power
supply equipment with rectifiers and batteries, or solar panels.

4.2.1 Outdoor MBO1 Evolution and MBO2 Evolution cabinets description
The Multi-standard Outdoor BaseStation cabinets MBO1 Evolution and MBO2 Evolution offer
operators important flexibility with:
- An easy extension on-site from the Outdoor MBO1 Evolution BTS (up to 12 TRXs capacity) to
the Outdoor MBO2 Evolution BTS (up to 24 TRXs capacity),
- Dedicated empty sub-racks to answer operator needs in transmission equipment, power
equipment ...,
- An easy site installation (or dismantling) due to the cabinets modularity; the most heavy
module weights only 90 kg.
- a height limited to less than 150cm (without the mounting plinth which is optional): the
constraints of site implementation are thus minimized.
These Evolution cabinets are an evolution of the former MBO1 and MBO2 cabinets, with which they
share many technical and functional characteristics; in fact, they essentially bring still more flexibility
in the choice of options and in the possibility to include additional equipment; they are equivalent as
far as radio subracks are concerned so that the list of configurations that were possible with modules
of former generation are also possible with the new cabinets (of course, still more configurations are
possible when new modules are used).
Regarding the extendability, the extension cabinet that allows to extend an MBO1 Evolution into an
MBO2 Evolution is not the same as the previous one; but, even if standard delivery, as far as
cabinets are concerned, will progressively shift to Evolution version only, the extension cabinet
allowing to transform an MBO1 into an MBO2 will still be available, so that this key feature remains
available.
External Dimensions MBO1 MBO2

Evolution Evolution Radio subrack Radio subrack
Depth (floor level) 74 cm 74 cm
for 19" equipment (6U)
Depth (roof level) 80 cm 80 cm

Available space for either:
Height without plintht 146 cm 146 cm

• Mounting Frame
Height with plinth 161 cm 161 cm

Width 94 cm 156 cm Radio subrack Radio subrack
• Battery
Radio subrack Radio subrack

• Mounting Frame
• Battery
Mounting Frame
A//DC conversion
Figure 8: EVOLIUM™ outdoor A9100 Base Station MBO Evolution

The MBO1 Evolution cabinet includes two areas:
- The area dedicated to sub-racks for TRXs, antenna coupling modules and SUM; these sub-
racks are the same as those used in the indoor cabinets;
- An area dedicated to the modules that are more specific to the outdoor context (compared to
the indoor case, it is more appropriate that additional equipment can be included in the cabinet
itself, avoiding the need of side cabinets):
- 6U Mounting Frames for 19" equipment: such equipment might be:

- NTL (for PCM signal amplification)
- IDUs for microwave; these IDUs typically have a height of 1U; the DDF height (3U
for the standard model) must be taken into consideration to determine the
maximum number of IDU that can be used.
- Battery shelves to insert a 90 Ah battery for backup. (Note that the battery consists of 4
blocks, with 12 V each (the battery nominal voltage is 48 V)).
A total of up to two such preequipment can be installed, providing room for up to two batteries, or up
to 12 U for 19" additional equipment, or one battery and 6U for 19" additional equipment.
The MBO2 Evolution cabinet is obtained by adding to the MBO1 Evolution cabinet an extension
cabinet (MBOE evolution) with three standard sub-racks and a 3U space area dedicated to 19"
equipment (PDUs or NTL (for PCM signal amplification) or IDUs (for microwave),
In connection with this space for options the following features are provided:
- up to 1.800 W in 48 V DC are available in MBO1 Evolution and MBO2 Evolution cabinets to

supply optional equipment, either equipment included inside the outdoor cabinets in the areas
for 19" additional equipment, or equipment outside the cabinet (external options), such as the
external battery cabinet
Regarding these external options, one filtered external DC input/output is available allowing to
connect either an external DC source powering the BTS or an external DC load up to 500W.
- 7 connectors for power supply of options inside the cabinet (e.g. IDU, NTL)
The number of modules that can be installed in the areas for options must thus be consistent with:
- the total space available,

- the total power consumption of these modules
- the total number of connectors
- the power dissipation budget granted to options
As a typical example, up to 3 microwave IDUs and 1 DDF can be put in the options part of MBO1
Evolution or 6 IDUs and 1 DDF in the options part of the MBO2 Evolution.

MBO1 Evolution (resp MBO2 Evolution) in AC version, offers 1 service socket 230V/10A and 1 light.
The socket can be used to connect an external product (e.g. Personal Computer). In MBO DC
version, only a light is available.
MBO1 Evolution (resp MBO2 Evolution) has 8 (resp 16) antenna connectors, which allows up to 4
(resp 2x4 in multiband) sectors maximum.
The following list summarizes the equipment that are optional in the MBO, and that then must be
clearly indicated in the orders:
• Heating unit
• Water detector
• Smoke detector
• Mounting Frame for 19" additional equipment (e.g. Transmission support equipment such as
indoor unit of micro-wave equipment)
• Battery mounting kit
• Plinth (to be ordered separately, depending on site preparation need).
4.2.2 Outdoor MBO Tropical cabinet description
The MBO Tropical is a variant of the MBO1 cabinet with reduced features:
- no extendability
- no heat, water detector, smoke detector, no service light, no service plug, 500 W max for
possible additional equipment outside the cabinet
- no 400 V three phase power supply for the AC version (only single phase 230 V).
Except for this reduced feature set, it is similar to the MBO1 cabinet; in particular, it admits the same
set of configurations.

4.2.3 Outdoor CBO cabinet description
Rural/road applications in some areas present the following characteristics:
- a low to medium traffic, not only at the initial network roll-out, but as far as it can be
anticipated, in a longer term;
- the need to have service available on large areas, despite this low traffic density,
The design of the Compact Base Station Outdoor Cabinet (CBO) is an optimization based on those
assumptions, allowing very cost effective solutions when the hypotheses above are met.
This cabinet allows up to 4 TRXs in AC configuration and 8 TRX in DC configuration, and up to 3

sectors. CBO can typically be adapted to:
- coverage of wide areas with up to 6 TRXs used in "omni" configuration,

- coverage of linear areas, such as roads, train tracks, etc... with 2 sectors of 4 TRX each
- coverage of low density areas, where 3 sectors with up to 2 TRX each is enough.
This cabinet thus allows 1x6, 2x4 and 3x2 configurations, using either the twin TRXs or even the high
power TRXs
External CBO Option 1U

Dimensions Option 1U
Option 1U DC distribution
Depth 70 cm A A
BU5 N N
Height 90 cm B B
Width 72 cm
Dummy panel
S TWIN TWIN
AC/DC
Connections
cable arrival
U
M
A TRX TRX
Fan Stage
Air Inlet
EVOLIUM™ outdoor CBO cabinet
The CBO cabinet includes the following areas:
- The area dedicated to sub-racks for TRXs, antenna coupling modules and SUM; these sub-
racks are the same as those used in the other indoor or outdoor cabinets;
- An area dedicated to 19" additional equipment, with 3U of height available;
- An area dedicated to DC distribution and cable arrivals.

Up to 3 IDU, with reduced size of DDF, can be installed in CBO.
One filtered external 48 V DC input/ output is available; either, it can be used as input for the external
battery cabinet or from solar panel power system or as output for other external options with a power
of up to 500 W.
CBO in AC version, offers 1 connector . The connector is of 5 A / 230 V and can be used to connect
an external product (e.g. Personal Computer).
CBO has 6 antenna connectors, which allows up to 3 sectors maximum.
CBO has 6 antenna connectors, which allows up to 3 sectors maximum. For 2x3 or 2x4
configurations, the ANC therefore has to be used in combining mode.

4.3 Sub-rack and modules organization
The following figure gives an example of indoor and outdoor 3x8 configuration:
TWIN TWIN TWIN TWIN
TRX TRX TRX TRX
A A A S
N N N U
Y Y C M
TWIN TWIN
TWIN TWIN TWIN TWIN A A A
S A A A
N N N N
U N N
C Y Y C
M Y Y TRX TRX
TRX TRX TRX TRX

• Mounting Frame
TWIN TWIN TWIN TWIN

A A A
N TWIN TWIN
N N
A A A
• Battery
Y C Y
TRX TRX TRX TRX N N N
Y Y C
TRX TRX
TWIN TWIN TWIN TWIN

A A A
N N N TWIN TWIN TWIN TWIN
Y C Y
• Mounting Frame
TRX TRX TRX TRX
TRX TRX TRX TRX

• Battery
Mounting Frame
A//DC conversion
Stand
Outdoor MBO2 3x8 Indoor MBI5 3x8
Figure 9: BTS/ Subrack configuration - examples
The following rules apply for the different modules location (see Figure "Sub-rack layouts" below):
- In order to optimize thermal dissipation as well as RF cabling, a sub-rack can be equipped

either with TRXs only, or alternatively mixed with a Station Unit Module (SUM) and antenna
coupling modules and TRX.
- One sub-rack can accommodate up to 8 TRXs.
- At the bottom of each sub-rack there is a fan stage which includes three fan units, with two
fans each. Fans speed is controlled by SUM according to the internal BTS temperature; this
results in reduced average noise level.
Different sub-rack organizations are given in figure below. The following widths hold true for the
different modules (taken L for one sub-rack):

Legend
SUM L/8 SUM
Antenna Network (Combiner or Bi-TRX) L/4 AN
Twin WBC stage L/8 ANY
Twin TRX L/4 Twin TRX
S A A A
U N N N
M Y Y
TWIN TWIN TWIN TWIN

A A A A
N N N N
TRX TRX TRX TRX
S
U A
M N
Figure 10: Sub-rack configuration examples

4.4 External battery cabinet for outdoor BTSs
An external battery cabinet for outdoor BTSs ("EBCO") can contain up to three 90 Ah batteries and is
adapted to those situation where long backup times are wanted for outdoor BTSs.
This cabinet is always equipped with an air conditioning system allowing to avoid excessive
temperature (resulting from exposure to sun) and thus preserving battery lifetime.
Height 1300 mm
Width 680 mm
Depth 830 mm
Weight without batteries <170 kg
Weight with batteries <600 kg
Max. cabinet temperature at 25 ºC

top of rack
Minimum cabinet temp. 0 ºC
Maximum external ambient 50 ºC

temp.
Minimum external ambient -33 ºC
temp
Max. external Relative 100 %RH

Humidity
Min. external Relative 5 %RH
Humidity
• DC distribution module with dedicated breakers

• AC distribution with decicated breakers and overvoltage protection
• 3 Battery shelves
• 12V DC Smoke Alarm
• Door alarm
• Sufficient vandalism and fire protection
• 230 V AC (single phase) powered:
• Air Conditioning Unit (ACU)
• integral heater

Environmental and Testing requirements applicable to the outdoor external battery cabinet are the
following:
ETS 300 019-1-4: Class 4.1E Operational Vibration/Shock to IEC 60721-3-4 Class 4M3
Bellcore GR-063-CORE:1995 Sec4.4.1 Earth Quake Resistance ZONE 4
EN 60529 IP 55
EN 60950:2001 Safety of information technology equipment

5. PRODUCT RANGE
The flexibility of the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station architecture allows to build a wide variety of
configurations answering various needs. The purpose of this chapter is to describe them in more
details.
The different possible BTS configurations are sorted in families inside which common principles are
shared.
- Monoband configurations:
- standard (with & without TX Div)
- low-loss (with & without TX Div)
- Extended Cell (with & without TX Div)
- Multiband configurations:
- without multiband cell (with & without TX Div)
- with multiband cell (with & without TX Div)
These families are defined as follows:
- ”standard” configurations:
- a single frequency band (as opposed to multiband configurations)

- an interface with the antenna system realized through one single ANC or ANB module in
each sector (and then through two feeders and two antennas or one dual-polarized
antenna); depending on the configuration, no ANY level or one ANY level (i.e. two
modules) has to be used.
- TwinTRX module in No TX Div or in TX Div mode.
- ”low-loss” configurations:
- for these configurations, the interface with the antenna system is through at least two
ANC or ANB modules in each sector;
- this allows to decrease the losses compared to a “standard” configuration with the same
number of TRXs,
- such configurations exist only above 2 TRXs per sector.
- TwinTRX module in No TX Div or in TX Div mode.

- “multiband” configurations
- “multiband” configurations are of two possible types:

- multiband BTS without multiband cell
- multiband BTS with multiband cell
- the allowed frequency bands combinations are any combination of GSM 850 or GSM
900 in one band with GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 in the other one.
- multiband BTS configurations without multiband cell have some sectors with TRXs of
one frequency band, other sectors with TRXs of the other frequency band;
- multiband BTS with multiband cell configurations have sectors including TRXs with both
frequency bands;
- within each band, “multiband” configurations are of “standard” type (as opposed to "low-
loss") with TwinTRX module in No TX Div or in TX Div mode.
- “Extended cell” configurations
- these configurations are using two sectors organized in an inner and an outer cell:
- inner cell and outer cell are always Standard configurations.
- Twin TRX module in No TX Div or in TX Div mode.
Depending on the frequency band, all or part of those configurations families are available as
described in the following tables respectively dedicated to:
- Non multi-band configurations

- Multi-band configurations,
- without multi-band cell
- with multi-band cell,
- Extended Cell configurations

The following tables give a summary of non multi-band configurations:
Sectors Min TRX Max TRX per sector Notes Frequency

per sect. MBI3 MBI5 CBO MBO1 MBO2 bands
Evolution Evolution
MBOT
AC AC DC AC AC AC DC AC DC
BU5 other BU90 BU5 Other
Standard(3) no TX div 1 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 900/1800 (2)
Standard(3) no TX div 2 1 4 4 6 8 8 8 8 2 4 6 8 900/1800 (2)
Standard(3) no TX div 3 1 2 2 4 4 4 6 8 1* 2 4 8 * No BU5 900/1800 (2)
Standard(3) no TX div 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 6 1* 1 2** 6 * No BU5 900/1800 (2)
** MBO1 Evo. only
Low-loss no TX div 1 3 8 10 12 16 16 16 16 4 6 12 16 900/1800 (2)

Low-loss no TX div 2 3 3 4 6 8 10 10 12 3 6 12 900/1800 (2)
Low-loss no TX div 3 3 4 6 6 8 8 900/1800 (2)
Standard TX div & 2 RX div 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 900/1800 (2)

Standard TX div & 2 RX div 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 900/1800 (2)

Standard TX div & 4 RX div 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 900/1800 (2)
Standard TX div & 4 RX div 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 900/1800 (2)
Summary of non multi-band configurations – Twin TRX modules

Note 1: "AC other" is referring to the Indoor AC configurations without integrated battery, i.e. either with no battery, or with batteries in an external cabinet.
Note 2: Frequency bands: new modules are available initially in GSM 900 and GSM 1800 frequency band; they will be available in a second step in GSM 850 and GSM 1900, on market request.
Note 3: As described in chapter "Standard configurations" above, "Standard" is referring to configurations with 1 Antenna Network per sector, and are thus limited to 8 TRXs per sector.
Configurations with more than 8 TRXs per sector need two Antenna Networks per sector; such configurations are called "Low-loss" and described in a separate section of the table.

The following tables give a summary of multi-band configurations:
Sectors Min TRX Max TRX per sector (band 1/ band 2) Notes Frequency
(3)
per sect. MBI3 MBI5 CBO MBO1 MBO2 bands
Evolution Evolution
band1/
band2 MBOT
AC AC DC AC AC AC DC AC DC
BU5 other BU90 BU5 Other
Standard no TX div 1 1/1 2/2 2/2 6/6 8/8 8/8 8/8 12/12 4/2 4/4 6/6 12/12 900/1800 (2)
Standard no TX div 2 1/1 4/4 4/4 4/4 6/6 2/2 6/6 900/1800 (2)
Standard no TX div 3 1/1 2/2 2/2 2/2 4/4 4/4 900/1800 (2)
Summary of multi-band configurations – twin TRX modules
Note 1: "AC other" is referring to the Indoor AC configurations without integrated battery, i.e. either with no battery, or with batteries in an external cabinet.
Note 2: Frequency bands: new modules are available initially in GSM 900 and GSM 1800 frequency band; they will be available in a second step in GSM 850 and GSM 1900, on market request.
Note 3: Count of sectors is made with hypothese of multiband cell, i.e. that each sector contains one cell in band1 and one cell in band2, these two cells being paired as a single "multiband cell",
counted as one sector.
In multiband "without multiband cell", a same configurations would be counted as having twice the number of sectors.
The table above thus describes at the same time
- possible configurations for multiband "with multiband cell"
- those configurations for multiband "without multiband cell" that have the same number of sectors in each band
The following table gives a summary of extended cell configurations :
Min. Number of TRX Max. number of TRX Type of cabinet Frequency band
Inner Outer Inner Outer
1 1 8 8 MBI5; MBO2 evolution 900
1 1 4 4 MBI3; MBO1 Evolution 900
Extended Cell configurations

Following chapters detail the characteristics specific to each of these families, especially regarding
the arrangement of Antenna Network Combiners (ANB or ANC), Wide Band Combiners (ANY) and
TRXs.
A table in chapter "Overview of EVOLIUM™ Base Station main characteristics" lists the "output
power at antenna connector" available in the different sector arrangements, an output power at
antenna connector that depends on:
- the output power of the TRX itself, for each frequency band and each type of modulation
(GMSK / 8-PSK)
- the number of combiner levels, that depends itself on the number of TRXs per sector, and
whether the combiner pre-equipment option is selected or not.
5.1 Standard configurations
The interface with the antenna system is through one single Antenna network combining (ANC)
module in each sector (and then through 2 feeders and two antennas or one dual-polarized antenna).
The building of configurations regarding the number and type of used modules, depends on the
number of TRX per sector and is done in the following way:
- One ANC in No-combining mode or one ANB per sector for configurations from 1 up to 2 TRX
in No TX Div or 1 TRX in TX Div and 2 RX div in the sector
- One ANC in combining mode per sector for configurations from 3 up to 4 TRX in No TX Div or
2 TRX in TX Div and 2 RX div in the sector
- Two ANC in No-combining mode or two ANB per sector for configurations 1 TRX in TX Div
and 4 RX div in the sector
- Two ANC in combining mode or two ANB per sector for configurations 1 or 2 TRX in TX Div
and 4 RX div in the sector
- One ANC in combining mode plus one or two ANYs per sector for configurations above 5
TRXs in No TX Div or 3 TRX in TX Div, the number of ANYs, 1 or 2, depending on whether the
maximum number of TRX is respectively 6 (resp 3) in No TX Div (resp TX Div) or 8 (resp 4) in
No TX Div (resp TX Div) in that sector.

Antenna Antenna Antenna Antenna Antenna Antenna Antenna Antenna
No-combining Combining Combining Combining

ANC or ANB ANC ANC ANC
TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 1 TRX 4 TRX 1 TRX 2 Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY)
TRX 3 TRX 6 TRX 1 TRX 4 TRX 5 TRX 8
1 up to2TRX/ sector 3 up to 4TRX/ sector 5 up to 6TRX/ sector 5 up to 8RX/sector
Figure 11: Standard configurations with Twin TRX in No TX Div
The number of sectors and TRXs depends on the cabinet type, with a maximum of 6 sectors and 24
TRXs in a Indoor MBI5 or an Outdoor MBO2 evolution cabinet (see table above for details).
The different sectors of a given BTS can include different numbers of TRXs. Sectored sites requiring
more TRXs than indicated in the table above can be achieved by means of two, three or four BTSs;
EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations can be combined with BTSs of other generations at the same site.
As an option, configurations can be pre-equipped so that the TRX extension involves a minimum
outage or time intervention. For initial configuration with 1 or 2 TRXs (No TX Div) per sector, the pre-
equipment is realized simply by configuring the ANC module in the combining mode. For initial
configuration of higher capacity, the combiner stage is added. This pre-equipment facility is
especially suitable for urban sites where capacity extensions are foreseen, as it enables to maintain
the same cell-coverage radius.
Standard configurations use twin TRX in either No TX Div or TX Div modes.
5.2 Low-loss configurations
The principle of low-loss configurations is to decrease the losses in one sector compared to standard
configurations with the same number of TRX, by decreasing the number of combining levels,
therefore increasing the number of antennas in the sector.
The low-loss configurations use the Antenna Network Combining module (ANC) or Antenna Network
Bi-TRX (ANB) in the following way:
- Two ANC or ANB per sector (therefore four antennas or two with cross-polarized antenna per
sector)
- Two ANC per sector in No-combining mode, or two ANB for configurations from 3 up to 4 TRX
in No TX Div or up to 2 TRX in TX Div, in the sector

- Two ANC per sector in combining mode for configurations from 5 up to 8 TRX in No TX Div or
from 3 to 4 TRX in TX Div, in the sector
Antennas Antennas
No-combining No-combining Combining Combining

ANC or ANB ANC or ANB ANC ANC
3 up to 4 TRXs /sector 5 up to 8 TRXs /sector
Figure 12: Low-loss configurations for more than two TRXs in No TX Div per sector
Furthermore Alcatel proposes a 1x16-TRX configuration based on this principle, with the additional
use of Twin Wide Band Combiner (ANY) modules: Antenna Network Combining module (ANC) are
affected to the same sector, requiring four antennas (or two cross-polarized antennas) (Figure below)
Antennas
Combining Combining
ANC ANC
Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY) Combiner (ANY)
Figure 13: 1x16-TRX low-loss configuration
Low loss configurations use Twin TRX in either No TX Div or TX Div mode.
5.3 Multiband configurations
All EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations have been designed so as to allow multi-band operation,
following the 'One-cabinet concept': The same cabinets, the same sub-racks are used for all possible
configurations with GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 elements.
Multi-band configurations include GSM 850 or GSM 900 / GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 modules, in the
same cabinet with a single Station Unit Module (SUM), which handles the control functions of the
BTS (operation and maintenance, transmission, clock generation ...).

Alcatel proposes two types of multi-band configurations depending on the way BCCH is handled: one
BCCH in each band ("without multi-band cell"), or a common BCCH ("with multi-band cell").
From the hardware point of view, there is no difference between a configuration "without multi-band
cell" and its equivalent "with multi-band cell"; only the BTS/BSC configuration data is different.
All configurations installed in a single-band infrastructure can be upgraded for multi-band operation,
in either multi-band BTS without multi-band cell or multi-band BTS with multi-band cell mode, by
inserting transceivers and antenna-coupling modules operating in the second band and by
downloading the relevant software version and data base.
As already mentioned, the 1-sector configurations - single BCCH - are similar from a hardware point
of view to the 2-sector configurations of the multi-band BTS - dual BCCH; the 2-sector configurations
- single BCCH - are similar from a hardware point of view to the 4-sector configurations of the multi-
band BTS - dual BCCH - and the 3-sector configurations - single BCCH - are similar from a hardware
point of view to the 6-sector configurations of the multi-band BTS - dual BCCH.
Multi-band configurations use Twin TRX in either No TX Div or in TX Div mode in any band.
5.3.1 Multi-band BTS configurations without multi-band cell
GSM 850 or GSM 900 / GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 bands, are affected to different sectors of the base
station. It means that each band has its own BCCH. The following figure gives an example of a 4
sectors multi-band BTS without multi-band cell configuration and Twin TRX in No TX Div mode :
Combining Combining No-combining No-combining

ANC ANC ANC or ANB ANC or ANB
TRX 1 TRX 4 TRX 1 TRX 4 TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 1 TRX 2

)
Sector1 Sector2 Sector3 Sector4

Frequency band1 Frequency band1 Frequency band2 Frequency band2
Frequency band1 Frequency band2

modules modules
Figure 14: Multi-band BTS without multi-band cell configuration (four sectors)

5.3.2 Multi-band BTS configurations with multi-band cell
GSM 850 or GSM 900 / GSM 1800 or GSM 1900 bands are assigned to the same sector. There is
only one BCCH for both bands. The following figure gives an example of a 2 sectors multi-band BTS
configuration with multi-band cells and Twin TRX in No TX Div mode :
Combining No-combining Combining No-combining

ANC ANC or ANB ANC ANC or ANB
TRX 1 TRX 4 TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 1 TRX 4 TRX 1 TRX 2
Sector1 Sector2
Frequency band1/Frequency band2 Frequency band1/Frequency band2
Frequency band1 Frequency band2

modules modules
Figure 15: Multi-band BTS configurations with multi-band cell (two sectors)

5.4 Configurations built with several cabinets
5.4.1 Configuration built with several cabinets and no split of sectors over two cabinets
If the needed site configurations (indoor or outdoor, single band or multi-band) cannot be achieved
with a single cabinet, it can be done using several collocated cabinets. In that case, all the TRXs of
one sector must belong to the same cabinet
Hereafter are given some examples. The list is not exhaustive.
Examples:
- The 3x12 TRXs Standard Indoor configuration is made of:

- one MBI3 DC Indoor Standard 1x12 TRXs cabinet
- one MBI5 DC Indoor Standard 2x12 TRXs cabinet
- The 3x8 / 3x8 outdoor (MBO2 evolution) standard multi-band configuration is made of:
- one MBO2 evolution standard 3x8 frequency band1 cabinet
- one MBO2 evolution standard 3x8 frequency band2 cabinet
5.4.2 Configuration built with several cabinets and the “cell split over two BTSs” feature
It is possible to optimize the number of cabinets needed for a site configuration (indoor or outdoor,
single band or multi-band) built with more than one cabinet, thanks to a feature called “cell split over
two BTSs”.
In that case, the TRXs of one sector can be split over two A9100 BTS cabinets. Various
configurations are possible, the only constraint being that following conditions are fulfilled:
• Maximal number of TRX per cell is 16.
• Maximal number of cabinets between which a given cell is shared is 2.
• Cabinets between which a cell is shared are clock synchronised in a master / slave
configuration (see chapter “Clock synchronisation of collocated cabinets”).
Note : when used in mono band configurations, cell split feature may allow to reduce the number of
cabinets with regards to the solution with one cabinet per sector; but at the expense of a more
complex antenna system (two ANC, hence 4 feeders per sector instead of 2 feeders, as for "low-
loss" configurations); this has to be considered before selecting such a solution.
The following figure gives an example of standard multi-band with multi-band cell 3x4/3x4 in 2 MBI3
cabinets :

Combining Combining Combining

Cabinet1 ANC ANC ANC
(Standard 4,4,4TRX)
Cabinet2 Combining Combining Combining

(Standard 4,4,4TRX) ANC ANC ANC
Sector1: 1x8 TRX Sector2: 1x8 TRX Sector3: 1x8 TRX
5.4.3 Clock synchronisation of collocated cabinets
Clock synchronisation of collocated cabinets is mandatory:
- when cells are split between those cabinets

- when each cabinet is dedicated to a given sector and handover synchronisation is desired (if
synchronised handover is not desired, clock synchronisation is not mandatory).
Such clock synchronisation between BTSs in master / slave mode is possible both between
A9100 BTSs and between A9100 BTSs and BTSs of previous generations.
5.5 Extended cell configurations
To provide a continuous coverage minimizing the number of sites is the goal of all operators.
Particularly difficult is to reach this goal in sparsely populated areas, because of the 35 kilometers
limitation in cell size stipulated by GSM recommendations.
The Extended-cell technology, which allows reaching a coverage range of up to 70 km, is a solution
in low traffic density areas as rural areas, highways, off shore, desert areas, isles in coastal vicinity...
Due to the propagation limitation constraint of GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 frequencies, the extended
cell solution is used only for GSM 900.
An extended cell is composed of one EVOLIUM™ BTS including two sectors. The first sector
handles inner-cell traffic up to 35 km; the second sector handles outer-cell traffic, from 33 km to a
maximum of 70 km. Depending on the needed traffic, each sector can include from 1 up to 8 TRX.

Extended cell Outer cell
Inner cell
35 km 35 km to
70 km
Sector1
Sector2
EVOLIUM™ Base station
Handover relationship
Figure 16: Extended cell principle
To compensate for the propagation delay of bursts from mobiles located in the outer cell, the receiver
of the outer cell BTS is delayed. The inner cell is barred and the receiver of the Inner cell BCCH TRX
is tuned to the outer cell BCCH frequency. Wherever the mobile is located (Inner, Outer or overlap
zone) it always camps on the outer cell (for initial access). If the mobile is located within the Inner
cell, the channel for the Inner cell will be allocated by the Outer cell. Because the Inner cell is barred,
the Inner cell must be completely covered by the Outer cell area.
Active call mobiles moving from the inner cell to the outer cell, or vice versa, will be handed over to
the complementary cell respectively. Mobiles leaving the extended cell coverage will be handed over
to an appropriate neighbor cell which can be either a normal or an extended cell. This clever use of
hand-over procedures is in full accordance with standard GSM parameters.
To achieve a cell range up to 70 km for the outer cell, a high effective height of the antenna is
needed (effective height = height of the site (e.g. cliff, hill) + antenna height).
Typical outer cell range examples are given below considering the following assumptions:
• Configurations for the outer cell are:
standard with up to 8 TRX
• TMA main characteristics are: a gain of 14 dB, a noise factor of 1.6 dB, insertion losses of 0.6
dB in the Downlink
• An antenna gain of 18 dBi.
• An antenna height of 50 m above ground and total cable losses of 1.9 dB (including jumper
and connector losses) for 50m antenna height and 3.3 dB for 100m antenna height (without
TMA)
• Cell area coverage probability = 90%

The following table gives the outer cell range (in km) for different configurations, environments and
effective antenna heights:
Environment
Effective Antenna Height Rural Open Area Water
2 TRX no TX div w/o TMA
50 m 22.3 29.3 35.9
100 m 32.6 43.5 54.1
4 TRX no TX div w/o TMA
50 m 17.7 23.2 28.5
100 m 25.5 34 42.3
1 TRX TX div w. 4Rx Div
50 m 26.8 35.2 43.1
100 m 39.6 52.9 65.8
The light grey coloured highlighted cells in the above table show the cases where extended cell
configurations are required to allow a cell range greater than 35 km.
Extended cell EVOLIUM™ BTS using Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA):
Inner cell Outer cell
TMA TMA
TMA
Combining Combining
ANC ANC
Standard 1x4 TRX Standard 1x4 TRX + TMA

5.6 Options
5.6.1 Tower-mounted amplifier
5.6.1.1 Functional description
A significant part of the benefits brought by the outstanding sensitivity of the EVOLIUM™ A9100
Base Station can be lost if the losses incurred by signals along the feeder cable between the
receiving antenna and the antenna coupling module (ANC) are too high. As a matter of fact the noise
factor of the system is degraded by an amount depending on the feeder loss.
The basic idea of tower-mounted amplification is to implement a low-noise amplifier as close as

possible to the antenna (figure below), so as to compensate for all losses incurred by received
signals. The TMA solution can be used in GSM 900 or 1800, indoor or outdoor configurations.
Antennas
TMAs
DUX DUX
DUX DUX
Feeders
Antenna
combining:ANce
network
TRX TRX
Figure 17: Principles of tower-mounted amplification

Tower-mounted amplification appears as an efficient sensitivity enhancement technique; however,

both uplink and downlink power budgets must be considered for the calculation of the coverage
range: The smallest available path loss determines the range. In that respect, tower-mounted
amplification can be beneficial in those cases where system performance is limited by a weaker
uplink budget (for example when using Twin TRX in TX Div mode and without the combiner module -
Twin Wide Band Combiner stage-ANY).
On the other hand, in the case of a balanced uplink/downlink situation, the introduction of tower-
mounted amplification can be an efficient mean to reduce the output power level of all mobile
stations. The uplink power control mechanism provided at each base station will force all mobiles to
reduce their emission level. Two benefits can be obtained in that case:
- A lower output power favorably impacts the standby time of every mobile station,
- A lower output power can contribute to minimize the 'electromagnetic pollution' within the
service area.
However, the introduction of a TMA in a balanced uplink/downlink situation will generate some
downlink insertion losses, thereby slightly reducing the coverage.
In summary, the decision to exploit tower-mounted amplification may be influenced by system design
considerations but also result from the application of the operator’s internal policy.
The counterpart of getting a better sensitivity by means of a tower-mounted amplifier is the risk to
degrade the blocking and intermodulation characteristics of the base station if the value of the
amplification gain greatly exceeds the value of the feeder losses. The attention of operators is drawn
to the fact that, in such a case, the site equipment might not fully comply with ETSI requirements
settled in the GSM recommendation 05.05.
All EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations are compatible with tower-mounted amplifiers, provided the
following requirements are fulfilled:
- The TMA shall allow for one single feeder to be used for transmit and receive signals,
- The TMA shall be equipped with duplexers, allowing for the splitting of uplink and downlink
signals with at least 30 dB isolation. The transmit signal shall be bypassed to the antenna and
the receive signal shall be amplified by a low-noise amplifier.
- Multi-band configurations are possible only if the signals used in each antenna are mono band
(in fact, TMA module which is used per antenna, is mono band).
TMA power supply and supervision is provided by ANC Evolution or ANB Evolution. So, external
power supply elements (PDU & bias-tee) for TMA would be needed only for TMAs not compliant with
ANCE/ANBE power supply (12 V DC +/- 5%).

Note that an interesting alternative to TMA may be the use of 4 way Receive Diversity, which requires
extra antennas but spares the introduction of these extra active equipments. Also TMAs require
supervision, which is not the case for 4 way receive diversity.
5.6.1.2 Equipment description
Alcatel has in its catalogue various solutions depending on exact frequency bands and types of
module (single, duplex, dual duplex). Please refer to dedicated for this.
Thanks to the power supply (12 V DC +/- 5%) and supervision provided by the new Antenna
Networks Evolution, no other equipment are necessary in addition: no Power Distribution Unit, no
Bias Tee.
Note that the LNA of the TMA has a gain depending on the frequency band (e.g. 14 dB for GSM
900), but the TMA solution gain, which takes into account all the UL reception chain (e.g. feeders
loss) is typically 4 dB in GSM 900 and GSM 1800. Note that this TMA can provoke intermodulation
and/or blocking in the mobile, if the antenna is installed in a height less than 20 meter.
Antennas
Tower-mounted
amplifier ...
...
BTS
Figure 18: TMA principle of installation (power supply by BTS)

5.6.2 Transmission equipment
For the outdoor BTS, transmission equipment can be integrated within one or several (depending on
cabinet) Mounting Frames for 19” equipment: up 2x6U in MBO1 Evolution and up 2x6U + 3U in
MBO2 evolution. Different types of transmission equipment are possible:
- Line termination equipment for 75-ohm or 120-ohm wires (NTL). The NTL equipment is used
to amplify the PCM signal received from A-bis interface.
- Base band unit for microwave (IDU).
- Satellite modem.
- IP modem.
These equipment depend on the country and customer requirements and are defined on a case by
case. They must have an E1 interface complying with ITU-T recommendations G.703/G.704.
5.7 TX output power at antenna connector
The TX output power at antenna connector depends on the TRX output power and on the losses of
modules and cables between the TRX and the antenna connector, according the following formula :
TX output power at antenna connector = TRX output power – total TX loss
The TRX output power is given in chapter 3.1.1
The total TX loss is the loss of cables from TRX to antenna networks and the antenna network
insertion losses. This depends on the configuration used
The following table gives the TX losses of the different modules and cables. This table is
independent from frequency band (850 to 1900 MHz), Twin TRX module mode (TX div or not) and
from TX modulation (GMSK or 8PSK) :
Module or cable Loss (in dB)

ANC in no combing mode or ANB 0.8
ANC in combing mode 4.2
ANY 3.3
TRX-ANY cable 0.2
TRX-ANC/ANB cable 0.2
ANY-ANC/ANB cable 0.2
Table 1 : TX modules and cables losses

Examples :
• 3x2 TRX No TX Div GSM 900 GMSK. In this configuration, we have :
TX power 46.5 dBm (45 W)

1 ANB or ANC in no combining mode -0.8 dB
1 cable from TRX to ANC/ANB -0.2 dB
TX output power at antenna connector 46.5 – 1 = 45.5 dBm
5.8 Weight of modules and configurations
The following table gives the weight of main BTS modules; modules of which the weight is negligible
and/or the number is the same whatever the configuration are not listed (their weight is included in
that of cabinet or of other modules); also, weight of options such are microwaves are not listed:
Module Weight (Kg)

Twin TRX module 7.2
ANC 9
ANB 8.5
ANY 3.5
CBO cabinet 93.6
MBO1 Evolution cabinet 203
MBO2 evolution cabinet 334
MBI3 DC cabinet 86
MBI3 AC cabinet 97
MBI5 DC cabinet 131
MBI5 AC cabinet 142
BU5 15
BU90 130
These weights allow to estimate the weight of any configuration.

Examples :
Unit Qty Total (Kg)

MBO2 evolution 3x4 TRX-BU90 567.6
MBO2 Evolution cabinet 316 1 316
TRX 7.2 12 86.4
ANC 8.5 3 25.5
BU90 140 1 140
CBO 2x1 TRX-BU5 140

CBO cabinet 93.6 1 93.6
TRX 7.2 2 14.4
ANC 8.5 2 17
BU5 15 1 15
MBI5 AC 3x4 TRX-BU5 268.9

MBI5 AC cabinet 142 1 142
TRX 7.2 12 86.4
ANC 8.5 3 25.5
BU5 15 1 15

5.9 Technical data of EVOLIUM™ A9100 BTS
Present chapter gives a summary of various technical data. (This should be understood as a
summary: one should refer to dedicated chapters giving more details about these technical data)
Item Specification
BTS general data
Radio access TDMA / FDMA
Frequencies See chapter "MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS /
Radio - Telecom - Transmission / Frequency bands"
EDGE capability Yes
Receive diversity 2 & 4 way Rx antenna diversity
Transmit diversity Yes
Multiband Yes (GSM 850 or 900 / GSM 1800 or 1900)
Options space (for 19” additional 0 to 2x6 U in MBO1 Evolution and 3 U to 15 U in MBO2
equipment) evolution
Antenna connectors • 6 in CBO
• 8 in MBO1 Evolution
• 12 in MBI3 and MBI5
• 16 in MBO 2 Evolution
Integrated battery See chapters:
- "MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS/ Operation and
maintenance/ Battery backup"
- "PRODUCT RANGE"
External battery See chapter:
- "MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS/ Operation and
maintenance/ Battery backup"
External alarms 16 (smoke detector & water detector alarms are optional)
Power supply See chapter:
- "MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS/ Operation
and maintenance/ Power supply"
Maximum number of sectors in BTS • 3 in CBO
• 8 in MBO 2 evolution (multiband, 4 sector per band)
Max number of ANC in BTS • 3 in CBO
• 8 in MBO 2 evolution (multiband, 4 sector per band)
Max number of TRX in BTS 24
Protection level • IP 20 for MBI
• IP 55 for MBO
ANC Evolution data
ANC noise figure • < 2.8 dB for up to 50° C
• < 3.0 dB for up to 70° C
Max LNA gain 15 dB, variable (SW)

Item Specification
TRX data
TRX output power (TRX output) See chapter "MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS" /
"Radio - Telecom - Transmission"
TRX output power (TRX output) - 0.5 / + 1 dB for GMSK and 8 PSK modulations
tolerance
RX sensitivity See chapter:
- "MAIN FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS / Radio -
Telecom - Transmission
Diversity algorithms • Combined diversity with maximum ratio combining
technology
• Selective beam-forming combining with temporal
reference algorithms and spatial reference
algorithms
Frequency hopping • Baseband hopping
• Radio (or synthesizer) hopping
Power control According to GSM: Dynamic 30 dB - step size 2 dB
Speech codec HR, FR, EFR and AMR
Ciphering algorithms A5/1 and A5/2 always supported
Provisions are taken for A5/3 to A5/7 when defined
SUMA data
Clock synchronisation Internal :
• Free running (internal OCXO)
External :
• Abis link (PCM synchronized)
• Another BTS (master slave configuration)
• Abis in band signaling (HW provision taken)
Transmission Technology :
• G703 with 36 dB sensitivity (standard)
• Others (HDSL, microwave, satellite …)
Abis relay (needed for chain configuration):
• Yes
Impedance
• 75 or 120 ohms
Abis links
• 2
Configurations
• Star, chain and loop
Clock accuracy 0.05 ppm
Abis interface • 2 E1 : standard
• 2 E1 : option
SUM interfaces 2 RS232 (MMI and test)

6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMC ASPECTS
6.1 Environmental conditions
The environmental conditions define the limits (temperature, humidity, etc.) for BTS cabinets in
operation, storage, and transportation conditions as specified in the following classes:
EVOLIUM™ Indoor Outdoor

Base Station
Operation ETS 300 019-1-3 class 3.1E (see note 1) ETS 300 019-1-4 class 4.1E (see note 4)
Transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (see note 2) ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (see note 2)
Storage ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (see note 3) ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (see note 3)
Note 1: The ETS 300 019-1-3 class 3.1E (temperature controlled locations) is a combination of
classes 3K3 (but with low air temperature of -5 °C, high air temperature of +45 °C, and high
relative humidity of 90 %), 3Z2, 3Z4, 3B1, 3C2, 3S2 and 3M1 according to IEC721-3-3.
Note 2: The ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2 (careful transportation) is a combination of classes 2K3,
2B2, 2C2, 2S2 and 2M1 according to IEC721-3-2.
Note 3: The ETS 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 (weather protected, not temperature controlled) is a
combination of classes 1K4, 1Z2, 1Z3, 1Z5, 1B2, 1C2, 1S3 and 1M2 according to IEC721-
3-1.
Note 4: The ETS 300 019-1-4 class 4.1E (non-weather protected locations, extended) is a
combination of classes 4Z5, 4Z7, 4B1, 4C2, 4S2 and 4M3 according to IEC721-3-4.
In the following tables, the conditions for the different environmental classes are listed.
Climatic conditions for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage:

Environmental parameter Unit indoor operation outdoor operation storage

ETS 300 019-1-3 ETS 300 019-1-4 ETS 300 019-1-1
Class 3.1E Class 4.1E Class 1.2
Low air temperature °C -5 -45 (Note 4) -25
High air temperature °C +45 (Note 1) +45 (Note 2) +55
Low relative humidity % 5 8 10
High relative humidity % 90 100 100
Low absolute humidity g/m³ 1 0.03 0.5
High absolute humidity g/m³ 25 30 29
Rain intensity mm/min - 15 no
Rate of change of temperature °C/min 0.5 0.5 0,5
Low air pressure kPa 70 70 70
High air pressure kPa 106 106 106
2
Solar radiation W/m 700 1120 1120
2
Heat radiation W/m 600 Negligible Note 3
Movement of the surrounding air m/s 5 50 30
Conditions of condensation none no yes yes
Conditions of precipitation (rain, none no yes yes
snow, hail ...)
Low rain temperature °C - 5 no
Conditions of water from sources none no Splashing water Dripping water
other than rain
Conditions of icing and frosting none no yes yes
Note 1: Apart from this maximum temperature, the EVOLIUM™ Base Station supports direct
2
exposure to solar radiation, with power up to 700 W/m .
Note 2: Apart from this maximum temperature :

For MBO Evolution Outdoor cabinet direct (any solar radiation value) and no direct exposure to
solar radiation, Maximum temperature extended to
- 45°C long term, maximum power (with all options)
- 50°C long term, operational power (with all options)
- 55°C long term, operational power (no options)
For CBO Outdoor cabinet, direct (any solar radiation value) and no direct exposure to solar
radiation, Maximum temperature extended to
- 45°C long term, maximum power (with all options)
- 50°C long term, maximum power (no options)
Maximum power: 100% all channels
Operational power: BCCH full power on all time slots per sector:
TCH 60% of time slots used at Pmax – 2 dB
Note 3: Conditions of heat radiation (e.g. in the vicinity of a room-heating system)
Note 4: Minimal temperature for CBO is – 33 °C.
Mechanically active substances for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage:


ETS 300 019-1-3 ETS 300 019-1-4 ETS 300 019-1-1
Sand mg/m³ 30 300 300
Dust (suspension) mg/m³ 0.2 5 5
Dust (sedimentation) mg/(m²h) 1.5 20 20
Mechanical conditions for indoor operation, outdoor operation and storage:

ETS 300 019-1-3 ETS 300 019-1-4 ETS 300 019-1-1
Stationary vibration, sinusoidal
- Peak displacement amplitude mm 0.3 1.5 1.5
2
- Peak acceleration amplitude m/s 1 5 5
- Frequency range Hz 2 to 9 9 to 200 2 to 9 9 to 200 2 to 9 9 to 200
Non-stationary vibration including
shock
- Shock-response spectrum type L, m/s² 40 70 40
peak acceleration
Static load KPa - - 5
Earthquake conditions for outdoor equipment:

Earthquake test conditions are in accordance with ETS 300 019-2-4 Amendment A1.
As the Outdoor Base Station can be mounted on top of buildings using a structure of high
rigidity, following test conditions apply:
Parameter Description Severity

Earthquake intensity Strong/very strong ag = 5 m/s²
Richter > 7 ZPA = 15 m/s²
Frequency range - 1 – 35 Hz
Excitation - Single axis, 30 s
The Outdoor Base Station survives test without major damage to equipment. Interruption of
operation is allowed. Re-start of operation after test is possible. Minor damages, if any, can be
repaired in the field.
Climatic conditions for transportation:

transportation
Environmental parameter Unit ETS 300 019-1-2
class 2.2
Low air temperature °C -25
High temperature, air in unventilated enclosures °C +70
High temperature, air in ventilated enclosures or °C +40
outdoor air
Change of temperature air/air °C -25/+30
Change of temperature air/water °C +40/+5
Relative humidity, not combined with rapid % 95
temperature changes °C +45
Relative humidity, combined with rapid temperature % 95
changes air/air at high relative humidity °C -25/+30
3
Absolute humidity, combined with rapid g/m 60
temperature changes air/air at high water content °C +70/+15
Low air pressure kPa 70
Change of air pressure kPa/min no
Movement of the surrounding medium air m/s 20
Precipitation, rain mm/min 6
2
Solar radiation W/m 1120
2
Heat radiation W/m 600
Water from sources other than rain m/s 1
Wetness none Conditions of wet
surfaces
Mechanically active substances for transportation:
transportation
Environmental parameter Unit ETS 300 019-1-2
class 2.2
Sand in air g/m³ 0.1
Dust (sedimentation) mg/(m²h) 3
Mechanical conditions for transportation:

transportation
Environmental parameter Unit ETS 300 019-1-2 class 2.2
Stationary vibration, sinusoidal
- Peak displacement amplitude mm 3.5
2
- Peak acceleration amplitude m/s 10 15
- Frequency range Hz 2 to 9 9 to 200 200 to 500
Stationary vibration random
2 3
- Acceleration spectral density m /s 1 0.3
- Frequency range Hz 10 to 200 200 to 2000
Non-stationary vibration
- Shock response spectrum I:
Peak acceleration m/s² 100
- Shock response spectrum II:
Peak acceleration m/s² no
Free fall
- Mass < 20 kg m 0.25
- Mass 20 to 100 kg m 0.25
- Mass > 100 kg m 0.1
Toppling
- Mass < 20 kg Toppling around any of the edges
- Mass 20 to 100 kg none no
- Mass > 100 kg no
Rolling pitching
- Angle degree no
- Period s no
2
Steady state acceleration m/s 20
Static load kPa 5
6.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
All EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations fulfill the requirements of the European Directive 89/336/EEC
according to ETSI ETS 301 489 -1 and 8.
6.3 Acoustic noise
The EVOLIUM™ A9100 base station complies with class “environmentally sensitive areas to ETS
300 019-1-4 class 4.1” with a maximum sound pressure level of less than 55 dB(A) for daytime
operation.
6.4 Safety
The EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station complies with following safety standards:
- IEC 215 (EN 60 215): Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment
- IEC 950 (EN 60 950): Safety of information technology equipment

6.5 Product Environmental Attributes
Alcatel is committed to develop and improve operations and technologies taking into consideration
the efficient use of energy and materials, giving preference to renewable resources, minimizing
waste and adverse environmental aspects.
Alcatel develops and manufactures products and services that are safe for their intended use,
efficient in their use of energy, protective to the environment and that can be recycled or disposed of
safely, including their packaging.
Materials
The above described product does not contain:
- asbestos,
- cadmium (in plastic materials, packaging and inks),
- mercury,
- ozone depleting substances, according to those categories that are already banned in the
Montreal protocol
- chloroparaffins with chain length 10-13 C atoms, chlorination greater than 50% contained in
the mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g,
- lead contained in mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g,
- PCB or PCT,
- polybrominated biphenyls and their ethers (CAS 32534-81-9, 32536-52-0, 1163-19-5, 13654-
09-6) contained in mechanical plastic parts heavier than 25g,
in concentrations exceeding the natural background.
Disassembly
The system is designed for easy disassembly, by using screws and rivets for mechanical assembly
of racks and modules
Batteries
Alcatel uses as backup batteries state-of-the-art valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries with an
extended service life-time. These VRLA AGM (absorptive glass mat) battery types are classified as
non-hazardous. This is because in the VRLA AGM cells, the dilute sulphuric acid is absorbed in a
special, highly porous micro-fibre glass separator. This, together with a high density pillar seals and
hermetic container-to-lid bonding, ensures that acid is unable to leak out.

The batteries are designed and manufactured according to recognized international standards as
- IEC 60896-2
- 91/157/EEC (hazardous substances)
- BS 6290 Part 4
- ICAO/IATA Special Provision a 67
- US DoT regulation 49 CFR section 173.159
The weight of the batteries backup units amounts to
- BU 90Ah 130 kg (4 cells with a weight of 32,5 kg each)
Batteries, battery cases, battery acid, lead and lead compounds must not be burned; they must be
disposed of in accordance with the appropriate national/international legislation, and Local Waste
Disposal Authority Rules and regulations.
Product packaging
The packaging of the EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations complies with the Directive 94/62/CE
concerning packaging and packaging waste. Depending on the means of transportation the BTS are
packed in a cardboard or wooden box, which can easily be recycled after use. Environmental harmful
materials are not used for packaging. The packaging materials are marked according to ISO 11 469.
If required by the customer and agreed by both parties, Alcatel can take care of the proper disposal
of all packaging materials.
Take back information
On request of the customer, Alcatel can take care of the take back of the depreciated equipment and
of the ecological safe and appropriate disposal. For that purpose, Alcatel co-operates with qualified
recycling companies.
Documentation
In order to reduce the paper consumption for Customer Documentation, Alcatel delivers the Generic
Customer Documentation as a CD-ROM. This allows the operator to put the documentation on a
server accessible by all relevant people without any additional paper copies.
Additionally more specific documentation as e.g. information about products and solutions, services
and support, training events etc. will be provided by means of an Extranet accessible by all
customers. This will allow distribution of up-to-date information very quickly and without wasting
natural resources.

7. POWER CONSUMPTION, BACKUP TIMES AND POWER DISSIPATION
7.1 Introduction
Power consumption is a characteristic of BTS equipment that can be used for different purposes:
- Assessing the requirement for internal batteries or for external Power Supply Systems in order
to guarantee a backup time in case of mains power failure
- Assessing the average energy requirement, and hence the average energy bill
- Assessing the characteristics of the energy distribution system: e.g. how should fuse or
breakers be dimensioned.
Although these aspects are all related to power consumption, it's not the same kind of power
consumption that should be taken into account in each case:
- "DC power consumption for backup" is the power consumption to consider to determine which
batteries should be used to provide a given backup time, or what backup time can be expected
with given batteries; this is applicable for example to AC powered BTSs when they are running
on their backup batteries; this power consumption
- considers only the DC power consumption of the modules (thus, for the AC powered
BTSs, it does not include the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion, that takes
place only when they are not in backup situation),
- considers an average power consumption: the purpose of such a power consumption
figure is get a reasonable estimate of the power consumption on a long period of time
(typically between 2 and 8 hours): typical assumptions are:
- either "one TRX "full power", the other at 60%" in each sector", or, if Auto
Shutdown feature is enabled, "one TRX "full power" in each sector" ("full power"
means "with all the Time Slots used and emitted at the maximum power", which
is the case for the BCCH TRX in each sector; "60%" means "with 5 out of 8 time
slots used, and emitted at 2dB below maximum power", which is considered as a
typical of TRXs others than the BCCH, loaded with a traffic approximately 60% of
the maximum)
- no consideration of power consumption of modules such as Heating Units (they
are supposed to be used for a very short time at BTS start-up only; normally, they
are not in operation during a backup period) or Battery Charging for the AC
powered BTSs including batteries (by definition, battery charging does not take
place during a backup period since the mains are not available)

- Power consumption in normal circumstances: this figure allows to estimate the average energy
bill; for DC BTSs, it is the same as the one described above; for AC BTSs, it takes into
account the additional power corresponding to AC to DC conversion:
- applicable to DC and AC powered BTSs (i.e. outdoor BTSs and AC Indoor BTSs)
- considers the DC power consumption of the modules (as above) plus, for the AC BTSs,
the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion (this additional power consumption
being taken as 12% of the DC power consumption itself)
- in each sector, one TRX is taken for its full power, the others for their power "at 60%"
(see definition above)
- power consumption of Heating Units or Battery Charging is ignored
- Maximum power consumption: this figure allows to determine the characteristics of the power
distribution circuit (breaker ratings and wire cross sections):
- applicable to DC and AC BTSs (i.e. outdoor BTSs and AC Indoor BTSs)
- considers the DC power consumption of the modules (as above) plus, for the AC BTSs,
the power consumption of the AC to DC conversion
- in each sector, all TRXs are taken for their full power,
- in addition, one has to consider:
- the power consumption associated to battery charging when, after a backup

period, the batteries have to be charged to their full capacity
- the power consumption of heaters (operated when temperature inside of cabinet
drops below 10°C)
This should be used only to estimate the peak power consumption; the two additional
power consumptions above take place during exceptional periods, and should not take
place simultaneously:
- battery charging is a permanent process; however, its associated power

consumption is only significant when the battery have been discharged, i.e. after
a backup period during which mains were not available
- Heating Units, or heaters, are only used in very cold situations, at BTS start-up, to
bring the BTS at a minimum temperature; they are not used during normal use of
a BTS

7.2 Power consumptions
The following table gives the power consumptions of main BTS modules; modules of which the
power consumption is negligible and/or the number is the same whatever the configuration are not
listed (their power consumption is included in that of cabinet or of other modules); also, power
consumption of options such are microwaves are not listed
(1)(5) (1)(5)
DC power consumption (W) AC power consumption (W)
"2 TRX "2 TRX "1 Full, "1TRX "2 TRX "2 TRX "1 Full, "1TRX
Full Power" 60%" 1 60%" Full Power" Full Power" 60%" 1 60%" Full Power"
(2)
Twin TRX module 900 280 174 227 181 314 195 254 202
(2)
Twin TRX module 1800 276 178 227 189 309 199 254 212
TRX 900 HP 185 109 187 110
TRX 1800 HP 246 145 276 162
ANC/ANB 10 11
CBO cabinet 90 101

MBO1 Evolution cabinet 170 190
MBO2 evolution cabinet 310 347
MBI3 cabinet 50 56
MBI5 cabinet 70 78
Battery Charging (each BU90) 450

(4)
Battery Charging (more than 1 800

BU90)
Battery Charging (1 BU5) 100
(3)
Heating Units CBO 500 500
Heating Units MBO1 Evolution 600 950
(3)
Heating Units MBO2 evolution 1200 1900

(3)
(1) For the various types of TRX power consumptions, it is assumed that all time slots are using the same modulation
GMSK; power consumption is reduced in 8 PSK compared to GMSK; however, the situation where all time slots of a
given TRX are in 8 PSK is not typical; and for all practical power consumption purposes, it is advised to consider only
the GMSK case, which is a conservative approach.
(3) Power consumption of Heating Units is given for information; it should not be considered in the assessment of power
consumptions below, since Heating units are only used for a limited time in specific situations where other
components of the BTS have not reached their full power
(4) Temporary consumption in limitation mode. Continuous final charging power 5W per battery.
(5) Case "1 Full, 1 60%" is applicable only to the Twin TRX module and allows a more precise evaluation of Power
Consumption depending on configuration:
- when the two chains within the Twin TRX module are transmitting "Full Power", column "2 TRXFull Power"
should be used (one module shared between two sectors and carrying the BCCH of each, or one module
used in one sector with Tx Diversity and carrying the BCCH)
- when the two chains within the Twin TRX module are transmitting "60%", column "2 TRX60%" should be
used (one module shared between two sectors and not carrying the BCCH of each, or one module used in
one sector with Tx Diversity and not carrying the BCCH)

- when one of the two chains within the Twin TRX module is transmitting "Full Power" and the other "60%",
column "1 Full, 1 60%" should be used (e.g. one module used within one sector in non Tx Diversity mode,
with one TRX carrying the BCCH)
Power consumptions of a BTS configuration according to the possible hypotheses can then be
(1)
derived as follows (for the reasons given in note above, only GMSK power is considered):
- For "DC power consumption for backup":
- only the DC power consumptions have to be considered (even for AC BTS)

- as far as TRXs are concerned, two situations can be considered:
- taking, for each sector of a BTS, one TRX for its "full power", the others at "60%"
or
- taking, for each sector of a BTS, only one TRX for its "full power" and ignoring the
others.
This second possibility is based on the assumption that the "Auto Shutdown" is
enabled, with all TRXs except the BCCH switched off after a given time has
elapsed.
- For "Power consumption in normal circumstances":
- DC or AC power consumptions have to be considered, depending on the type of BTS,

- in each sector of a BTS, one TRX must be taken for its "full power", the others at "60%"
- For "Maximum power consumption":
- DC or AC power consumptions have to be considered, depending on the type of BTS,

- all TRXs must be taken at their "full power"
- for outdoor BTSs, depending on the conditions that are judged typical, Battery Charging
or Heating Unit Power consumption may be added
As an example, the power consumptions of an MBO1 Evolution 3x4 TRX1800 AC with 1 battery
BU90 are:

Total
Unit Qty (W)
DC Power consumption for Backup"Auto
Shutdown" not enabled
MBO2 Evolution 3x4 TRX1800 1 555
MBO2 evolution cabinet 310 1 310
Twin TRX module 1800 "1 Full, 1 60%" 227 3 681
Twin TRX module 1800 "2 TRX 60%" 178 3 534
ANC 10 3 30
DC Power consumption for Backup"Auto

Shutdown" enabled
MBO2 Evolution 3x4 TRX1800 754
TRX 1800 MP "1TRX Full Power" 138 3 414
ANC 10 3 30
AC Power consumption in normal

circumstances
Twin TRX module 1800 "1 Full, 1 60%" 272 3 816
Twin TRX module 1800 "2 TRX 60%" 199 3 597
ANC 11 3 33
Maximum power consumption

TRX 1800 MP "full power" 309 6 1 854
ANC 11 3 33
Battery charging (1BU90) 400 1 400
This example shows how to determine the power consumptions according to various hypotheses; it
also shows that TRXs constitute the main factor, due to their power consumption and their number.

7.3 Backup times
AC BTS may include batteries that are providing a backup time in case of mains failure.
For Indoor AC BTS, two kinds of batteries exist: BU5 and BU90. The purpose of the BU5 is to allow
withstanding short mains interruptions, in the range of some minutes; it is not considered in that
chapter, that focuses on BU90 batteries, available for Indoor AC and Outdoor BTSs, and that are
designed to provide a backup time of several hours - depending on configuration. The purpose of
present chapter is precisely to show how backup times can be estimated from the BTS power
consumption and the number of batteries.
The backup time available for a given BTS configuration, can be read on the following curves:
- the x axis is the DC power consumption for backup, to be estimated as commented above
(adding the power consumption of options that would be powered through the BTS)
- the y axis shows the backup time (in minutes on left axis, in hours on right axis); this number
has to be read on the curve corresponding to the number of batteries.
540 9
480 8
with 1 BU90 battery
420 with 2 BU90 batteries 7
with 3 BU90 batteries

Backup time (minutes)
Backup time (hours)

360 6
300 5
240 4
180 3
120 2
60 1
0 0
500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000
DC Power Consumption for backup (W)

To assess the impact of "Auto Shutdown" feature with a given timer, one should:
- check the backup times with and without this feature enabled, i.e.:
- with the feature enabled and the timer set to zero (all the TRXs, except the BCCH, are
switched off as soon as mains disappear),
and
- with the feature disabled (all the TRXs are kept operating normally, even when a mains
failure is detected)
- decide a reasonable value for the timer and make an interpolation
As an example, backup times for the MBO2 evolution 3x4 TRX1800 MP using 1 BU90 taken as
example above would be:
- with "Auto Shutdown" not enabled: 104 mn (as read on the curve above for 2017 W)
- with "Auto Shutdown" fully enabled
(timer set to zero): 260 mn (for 946 W)
- with "Auto Shutdown" enabled, and
timer set to 104 / 2 = 52 mn: 182 mn Interpolated as (104 + 260) / 2
The last case in table above corresponds to a situation where, after mains failure, the BTS operation
is not affected for the first 52 mn (= 104 mn / 2) of backup; after that time, and if mains are not back
again, the TRXs others than BCCH are shut off in each sector to save power; the BTS will still be
running, with reduced traffic capacity, for 130 mn (182 – 52).
7.4 Power dissipation
Power dissipation has to be considered e.g. for the dimensioning of cooling systems.
Out of the power consumed by a BTS, part is transmitted as RF power at antenna connector, part
may be stored in batteries for future use (AC BTSs) and the remaining part is dissipated as heat.
To compute the total dissipated power, one has then to sum up the contribution generated by each
module; for this, one must distinguish the TRXs from the other modules.
Power dissipation of modules other than TRXs
In such modules, all the power consumed in the module is dissipated, and is dissipated in the
module itself; hence the formula:
Power dissipation of the module = Power consumption of the module

Power dissipation of TRX modules:
Compared to other modules, the TRXs are dissipating locally (withing themselves) only part of the
power they consume; the other part is the TRX output RF power, transmitted toward the antenna
connector.
But then, part of this TRX output RF power is dissipated by the modules and cables between the
TRX output and the antenna connector, due to their losses.
Thus the dissipated power generated within the BTS due to a given TRX is the share of the power
consumption that is not available as RF power at antenna connector; it is given by the following
formula:
TRX power dissipation = TRX power consumption - TX output power at BTS antenna connector
Of course, the figure depends both of the power consumption of the TRX and of the arrangement of
combining modules betwen the TRX and the antenna connector.
The following table gives the power dissipation of the different BTS modules. As TX output power at
BTS antenna connector depends on the type and number of antenna networks used, different values
of TRX power dissipation are given depending on the type and number of antenna networks used.
Dissipated Power (W) for specified antenna network type & number
DC BTS AC BTS
Module ANC no ANC ANC ANC no ANC ANC
combining combining combining combining combining combining
or ANB + ANY or ANB + ANY
Twin TRX module 900 214 250 266 248 284 300
Twin TRX module 1800 224 252 266 258 286 298
ANC/ANB 10 10 10 11 11 11
CBO cabinet 90 90 90 100 100 100

MBO1 Evolution cabinet 110 110 110 123 123 123
MBO2 Evolution cabinet 190 190 190 213 213 213
MBI3 cabinet 50 50 50 56 56 56
MBI5 cabinet 70 70 70 78 78 78
It has to be noted that there is no power dissipation associated to Heating Units nor to Battery
Charging:
- Power Dissipation is used to determine if a cooling system should be installed, and of what
kind; accordingly, it is mostly relevant for indoor BTSs, and what is meaningful is the power
dissipation in a situation where the BTS environment may reach a high temperature.

- If Power Dissipation has nevertheless to be assessed for outdoor BTSs:

- Power dissipated by Heating Units can be ignored, since they are precisely used in
circumstances where the temperature is low and where the problem is not dissipated
power.
- in the battery charging process, most of the energy is used to charge the batteries, and
is thus not dissipated in the environment; if there is residual dissipated power, it is at a
low level, not worth considering in the computations.
Also, considering the purpose of evaluating Power Dissipation, the figures given for Twin TRX
modules are with the assumption "2 TRX - Full Power".
Example : power dissipation of MBI5 DC 3x4 TRX 1800:
Power dissipation: Unit Qty Total

MBI5 DC 3x4 TRX 1800 1 612
MBI5 cabinet 70 1 70
Twin TRX module 1800 with ANC 252 6 1 512
combining
ANC 10 3 30

8. RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY
Ideally, an equipment should be available for its main function (carrying traffic as far as BTS is
concerned) 100% of the time. From a practical point of view, some failures may lead to an
interruption of this main function; the anticipated degree of availability of an equipment can then be
estimated by figures such as:
- equipment unavailability, expressed as the share of time during which the equipment is not
functional,
- mean down time for a reference period, i.e. the average time during which the equipment will
not be available out of a reference period.
The process to carry out such evaluations, is the following:
- a value has to be taken as hypothesis for the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), i.e. the time
during which the equipment will remain unavailable, following a failure, until it is repaired; this
includes the time for appropriately skilled personnel to go to the site of the equipment; the
commonly used value is MTTR = 4 hours.
- the modules that have to remain functional in order for the full equipment to remain functional,
have to be identified; for a BTS, these modules are:
- the ANC,
- the SUMA.
It must be noted that since a given user is typically under coverage of a given sector, only one
ANC is considered, even in a sectorized BTS, for availability assessment.
The other modules are ignored, since they have virtually no failures (e.g. the BTS cabinets) or
their failure have no immediate impact on the function of the BTS; e.g.:
- Fans are redundant,

- in most circumstances, TRXs are "redundant": loosing a TRX has no significant impact
on the function of the BTS, since other TRXs are still available
- the Failure Rates (FIT) of these modules must be estimated

- the total Failure Rate of the equipment is then computed as the sum of the FIT of its modules;
the other following quantities may then be computed as follows:
Total FIT = FIT of SUMA + FIT of ANC

Total MTBF = 1/Total FIT
System unavailability = MTTR / (MTBF + MTTR) ≈ MTTR / MTBF, because
MTTR << MTBF
System availability = 1 – system unavailability.
Mean Accumulated Down Time (MADT) = system unavailability x 365 X 24 (if
expressed in h/year)
The following table gives the unavailability and downtime for the BTS, according to the principles
above; the values are those of the GSM 900 BTS, but are very similar for other frequency bands:
FIT of SUMA 3 328.2 x 10E-9

FIT of ANC 2 359.6 x 10E-9
Total FIT 5 687.8 x 10E-9
Total MTBF (h) 175 815
System unavailability 2.275 x 10E-5
System Mean Accumulated Down Time (MADT) (h/year) 0.2
System unavailability and downtime

9. GLOSSARY
ACMU AC Mains Unit

ACU Air Conditioning Unit
AD Antenna Diversity
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
ANBE Antenna Network Bi TRX Evolution
ANCE Antenna Network with Combiner Evolution
ANY Antenna Network, type y
BBU Battery Backup Unit
BCF Base station Control Function
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CBO Compact BTS Outdoor
DDF Digital Distribution Frame
DR Dual Rate
E-GSM Extended-band GSM
EBCO External Battery Cabinet Outdoor
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
FIT Failures In Time
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
HDSL High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
HP High Power
HR Half Rate
HSCSD High-Speed Circuit Switched Data
IDU InDoor Unit for microwave entity
LNA Low-Noise Amplifier
MAB Mast-head Amplification Box
MADT Mean Accumulated Down Time
MBI Multistandard BTS Indoor
MBI3 MBI with 3 sub-racks
MBI5 MBI with 5 sub-racks
MBO Multistandard BTS Outdoor
MBO 1 MBO basic rack
MBO 2 MBO 1 + MBOE
MBOE MBO Extension rack
MP Medium Power
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
NTL Network Termination Link
ODU OutDoor Unit for microwave entity
OML Operation and Maintenance Link
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDU Power Distribution Unit
P-GSM Primary GSM Band
RFH Radio Frequency Hopping
RSL Radio Signaling Link
SUM Station Unit Module
TMA Tower-Mounted Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
Twin TRX Twin TRX module providing two TRXs in one housing

U Unit used in mechanic design for the height of modules:

1U = 1.75” = 44.45 mm
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
WBC Wide-Band Combiner
End of Document


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EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station Product description

EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

Its major purpose is:

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Notice of proprietary information

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

5.4.3 Clock synchronisation of collocated cabinets .........................................................53

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

The highlights of EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Stations are:

• Outstanding quality of service due to

- Very high radio performances, in particular

- Minimum service interruption

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

• Ease of deployment and site interventions

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

2.1 Overall architecture

- Antenna coupling level,

Antenna network stage Antenna network stage

BCF level Station unit module

Figure 1: Overall EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station architecture

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

2.1.1 Antenna coupling level

The general functions performed at this level are:

- Duplexing transmit and receive paths onto common antennas;

2.1.1.1 The Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

- reduced module size (1/4th of a subrack instead of 1/3rd)

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

- The No-combining mode for configuration up to 2 TRX if TX Diversity is not used, or up to

Splitter Splitter By-pass function

WBC Splitter Splitter Splitter Splitter WBC

TX RXn RXd RXd RXn TX

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

WBC Splitter Splitter Splitter Splitter WBC

TX RXn RXd TX RXn RXd RXdRXn TX RXd RXn TX

2.1.1.2 The Antenna Network Bi-TRX (ANB) module

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

- reduced module size (1/4th of a subrack instead of 1/3rd)

TX RXn RXd RXd RXn TX

Figure 4 : The Antenna Network Bi-TRX & No TX Div mode

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

2.1.1.3 The Twin Wide Band Combiner (ANY) module

TxA RxA RxdivA TxB RxB RxdivB

WBC Splitter Splitter WBC Splitter Splitter

Tx Rxn Rxdiv Tx Rxn Rxdiv Tx Rxn Rxdiv Tx Rxn Rxdiv

TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4

Figure 5: The Twin Wide Band Combiner module (ANY)

Antenna network Combining

Twin combiner stage Twin combiner stage

Figure 6: Configuration with 1x8 TRXs

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

2.1.2 Transceiver (TRX) level

Present edition considers only the new Twin TRX module.

Previous generation: New Generation: Twin TRX:

The Twin TRX can work in two modes:

Alcatel File Reference Date Edition Page

2.1.3 Base station Control Function (BCF) level

The main base station control functions performed are as follows:

2.2 Mechanical and interface principles

2.2.1 Main principles: Standardization and modularity