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8144445777
11. The mass of an object is 30kg. What is the weight on 02. a) Newton’s first law of motion gives a qualitative
the earth? definition of force. Justify.
Ans. : Mass of an object(m) = 30kg b)1 0 m / s 5 m / s F1 F2 12 m / s 4m/s
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8ms-2
Weight (w) = mg ; = 30 x 9.8 ; w = 294N 10kg 20kg 10kg 20kg 10kg 20kg
12. In a solar system, there is an existence of force
between sun and planets. Put forth questions to The figure represents two bodies of masses 10 kg and
determine the force. 20 kg and moving with an initial velocity of 10ms-1 and
a. ……………………………. 5ms-1 respectively.
b. …………………………….. They are colliding with each other after collision they are
Ans. : a. Which law holds good for the force of attraction moving with velocities 12 ms-1 and 4 ms-1 respectively.
between the planets? The time of collision be 2sec. Then calculate F1 and F2.
b. State the importance of that law. Ans. : a. Newton’s first law of motion
An object remains in a state of rest of uniform motion in
05 MARKS QUESTIONS a straight line unless compelled to change that state by an
applied unbalanced force.
01. a. Place the following objects in the correct order from This law gives a qualitative definition of force.
the lowest to the highest momentum. Assume that all Justification:
of the objects are The tendency of undisturbed object to stay or keep
moving at their maximum velocity. moving with the same velocity is called Inertia. That means, if
Freight train, Bus, Car, Cycle there is no force, there is no change in the state of rest or of
{Hint : Momentum = mass x , velocity; p=mv} uniform motion.
b. Which objects has more momentum; a car travelling at b. Body A Body B
10km/hr or a baseball pitched at 150km/hr? Explain mass m1 = 10kg mass m2 = 20kg
your answer. Initial velocity u1 = 10ms-1 u2 = 5ms-2
c. Newton’s third law of motion. For every action there is Final velocity v1 = 12ms-1 v2 = 4ms-1
an equal and opposite reaction. Explain this law, using t = 2S
one illustration. ×
(Action) F1 = ;= ; ;
Ans. : a. Momentum (p) = mass x velocity ; p = mv
The correct order of increasing value of momentum F1 = ; - 10N
is Cycle , Bus, Car, Freight train F1 = - 10 (Force acting on B)
b. Speed of a car = 10km / hr (less acceleration) ×
Speed of a base ball = 150 km / hr (Reaction) F2 = ;= ; ;
(more acceleration)
F2 = ; 10N
The ball has more momentum than the car. Since the speed
of the car is less, the product of mass and velocity of the car F2= 10N (Force acting on A)
(momentum of car) is very less and rate of change of 03. a) Space stations are used to study the effects of
momentum is also less due to less acceleration. But the base long – space flight on the human body. Justify.
ball has a very high speed so the product of mass and its b) Which would require a greater force for
velocity is high. The momentum of base ball is greater than accelerating a 2kg of mass at 4 ms-2 or a3kg
that of car. Base ball has more rate of change of momentum mass at 2ms-2
due to more acceleration. Ans. : a. A space station is an artificial structure designed for
c. Newton’s third law of motion: humans to live and work in outer space for a period of time.
“For every action there is an equal and opposite Space stations are used to study the effects of long
reaction” space flight on the human body.
Illustration: Space stations have various issues such as very low
When a gun is fired, it exerts forward force on the bullet. recycling rates, high radiation and lack of gravity. Some of
The bullet exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the these problems cause discomfort and long term health
gun. This results in the recoil of the gun. So it must be effects.
remembered that the action and reaction always act on two Effected vacuum on human body, cabin fever muscle
different objects. atrophy and loss of muscle mass and bone mass are a few
problems astronauts could face.
Future space habits may attempt to address these Inertia is the tendency of undisturbed objects to stay at
issues and are intended for long term occupation. rest or to keep moving with the same velocity.
When a motor car makes a sharp turn at a high speed,
we tend to get thrown to one side. We tend to continue in
b. Force = ma straight line motion. When an unbalanced force is applied by
m1 = 2kg ; a1 = 4ms-2 the engine to change the direction of motion of the motor car,
m2 = 3kg ; a2 = 2ms-2 we move to one side of the seat due to the inertia of our
Thus F1 = m, a = 2kg x 4ms-2 = 8N body.
F2 = m2 a2 = 3kg x 2ms-2 = 6N
F1 > F2
Thus acceleration 2 kg mass at 4 ms-2 would require greater 06. a. State second law of motion.
force. b. Explain the second law of motion with suitable
04. a. What is moment of force? example.
b. Give one example of couple. c. Derive the value of force using the above law.
c. Draw it diagrammatically and explain. Ans. : a. Newton’s second law of motion:
Ans. : a. The magnitude of the moment of the force F about “The rate of change of momentum of an object is
a point is defined as the product of the magnitude of force proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the
and the perpendicular distance of the point from the line of direction of force”.
action of the force moment of force = F x d. b. Illustration of second law of motion:
b. Example of couple opening a bottle cap. Let us consider a car with a dead battery is to be pushed
along a straight road to give a speed of 1ms-1 which is
sufficient to start its engine. If one or two persons give a
sudden push (unbalance force) to it, it hardly starts. But
sometime it requires continuous push is required to
accelerate the speed of the car. It means that the change of
momentum of the car is not only determined by the
magnitude of the force but also by the time during which the
force is exerted. So the force necessary to change the
c. Couple : Two equal and opposite forces whose lines of momentum of the objects depends on the time rate at which
action do not coincide are said to constitute a couple in the momentum is changed.
mechanics. c. Derivation of the Force:
Explanation : Two strings are tied to a wheel at the points X Mass of the object = m (moving in straight line)
and Y and two equal and opposite rotate about O in an Initial velocity = u ; time = t ; Final velocity = v
anticlockwise direction. F = Force throughout the time t
05. a. Define the first law of motion. Initial momentum of the object = mu
b. A constant force acts on an object of mass 10kg Final momentum of the object = mv
for a duration of 4S. It increases the object’s The change in momentum = mv – mu ; = m(v – u) ………(1)
velocity from 2ms-1 to 8ms-1. Find the magnitude !" ! #$
Rate of change of momentum =
of applied force. #%
& $
c. Explain the first law of motion with a suitable example. = # ……………(2)
Ans. : a. Newton’s first law of motion: According to Newton’s Second law of motion, this is
“An object remains in the state of rest or of uniform
nothing but applied force.
motion in a straight line unless compelled to change that & $
state by an applied unbalanced force”. Applied force (f) = # ;
b. mass of an object(m) = 10 & $
Acceleration (a) = # Rate of change of velocity
Initial velocity (u) = 2ms-1
Final velocity (v) = 8ms-1 Applied force, F ∞ ma.
× F = k.ma ………………….(3)
Force (F) = ;F= ; ; = 15N
Where k = proportionality constant.
Applied Force = 15N The unit of force is so chosen the value of the constant, k = 1
c. Illustration of first law of motion: F = ma
First law of motion is also known as law of inertia. I Unit of force = 1kg x ms-2
= kgms-2 (or) newton (or) N
Ans. :
ELECTRICITY & ENERGY A - Carbon rod B – Zinc
Zin rod
C – Porus pot D – Ammonium
Am chloride solution
01 MARK QUESTIONS
02. Match the following:
01. Four cells each of emf “E” arte joined in pa
parallel to form Components Symbols
a battery. The equivalent emf of the battery
attery will be 01. Switch (Closed)
( 02. Battery
(4E, E, , E = 0)
) 03. Electric Bulb
02. The symbol LED is …… 04. Resistance
( , , ,
03. Kilowatt – hour is the unit of …………. Ans. : Components Symbols
(Potential difference, electric power, elec
electric energy, 01. Switch (Closed)
change of momentum) 02. Battery
04. Which one of the following representss ohm’
ohm’s law? 03. Electric Bulb
* +
( = constant, = constant, VI = constant,
nstant, 04. Resistance
+ * 03. Harmful radiations originate
ate from
fro a nuclear reactor.
*
= R) Precautions are taken to see that t they do not become a
+
05. The potential difference required to pass a current of threat to living beings. What
hat are
ar these precautions?
0.2A in a wire of resistance of 20 ohm is …… ………. Ans. : 01. Radioactive materials
rials are
ar kept in thick walled lead
(100V, 4V, 0.01V, 40V) container.
06. Which of the following is used in makinging fus
fuse wire? 02. Lead aprons and lead gloves
g are used while
(37%lead+63%tin,63%lead+37%tin, working in hazardous
ous area.
ar
50%lead + 50%tin, 37%copper = 63%alumi aluminium) 04. Following group was plotted
tted between
be V and I values.
+
07. ……………. Surface absorbs more heat th than any other What would be the values of ratios when the potential
substances under identical conditions. *
difference is 0.8V and 12V.
(White, Black, Red, Yellow)
08. What is the potential difference between
tween the live wire
and neutral wire in our country?
(110V, 10V, 220V, 1000V)
09. Two electric bulbs have resistances in the rratio 1: 2,
If they are joined in series, the energyy cons
consume in these
are in the ratio……..
(1 : 2, 2 : 1, 4 : 1, 1 : 1)
10. At which temperature nuclear fusion ion rereaction takes
place?
Ans. :
(10-7k, 107k, 10-2k, 10k) +
11. The atomic number of natural radioactive
ctive el
element is … 01. V = 0.5Volt ; I = 0.2 ampere ; R = * ; = ; R = 2.5-
.
(greater than 82, less than 82, not defined
efined, atleast 92) + ..
12. Which one of the following is the renewa
enewable source of 02. V = 1Volt ; I = 0.4 ampere ; R = ;= ; R = 2.5-
* .)
energy? + ..
03. V = 1.5Volt ; I = 0.6 ampere ; R = ; = ; R = 2.5-
(Hydropower, Fossil fuel, Solar energy, Pe Petrol) * ./
The above calculation clearlyy states
state that the resistance of the
02 MARKS QUESTIONS circuit is 2.5ohm. This electric
ectric circuit obeys ohm’s law.
+
01. Leclanche cell diagram is given
en bel
below table the Therefore the values of ratio tio is constant
c and it is 2.5ohm.
*
parts. 05. Draw the schematic diagram ram of an electric circuit
consisting of a battery of two cells
ce 1.5V each, three
resistance 5ohm, 10ohm
and 15ohm respectively and a plug key all connected in
series.
Ans. :
The resistance across AB = Sum of resistance
tance R1 + R2
Resistance in parallel(R1 ) = ;= 1 ;
0
=2
0
(R1 ) = Ω 11. A current of 0.2A is drawnwn from
fro a filament of an electric
Another parallel combination resistance (R2) bulbs for 5 minutes. Findnd the amount of electric charge
that flows through the circuit.
;= 1 ; =2 Ans. : Current (I) = 0.2A ; time (t) = 5 minutes
0 0
= 5 x 60= 300 seconds
conds
(R2 ) = Ω Charge(Q) = I x t
= 0.2 x 300; = 60coulomb
60c
The amount of electric charge
harge = 60 coulomb
The resistance across AB i.e series Rs = R1 + R2 12. Fill in the blanks.
= 1 ; 1 Ω a. A fuse wire has ……... resistance
resist and ………..
melting point.
The resistance across AB = 1 Ω b. The cells from which the electric
ele energy derived
08. We know that 3 – rays are harmful radiatio
adiations emitted by by ………….. chemical al reactions
reac are called
natural radioactive substances. ……….. cells.
a) Which are other radiations from such su
substances? Ans. :
b) Tabulate the following statements as app
applicable a. A fuse wire has high resistance
resista and low
to each of the above radiations. melting point.
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8144445777
14. How much work is done in moving ing a charge of 4 01 MARK K QUESTIONS
QU
coulomb across two points having a potenpotential difference 01. Electric power can be transmitted
trans over long distance
of 12 V? without much loss of energy
nergy is an important advantage
Ans. : Charge(Q) = 4 coulomb of …………….
Potential difference (v) = 12V (AC, DC, Both AC & DC,, None)Non
The amount of work done(w) = V x Q 02. The field of view is maximum
imum for f …………….
W = 4 x 12 ; = 48J (plane mirror, concave ave mirror, convex mirror,
Work done (w) = 48J spherical mirror)
15. Match A with B 03. Magnetic field is produced ced by b the flow of current in a
A B straight wire. This phenomenon
pheno was discovered
01. Potential Difference a. Coulomb
ulomb by............
02. Current b. Volt (Faraday, Coulomb, Oerstedrsted, Maxwell)
03. Charge c. Ohm 04. Which one of the following lowing enhances the power of
04. Resistance d. Ampere
pere electric motor?
Ans. : (Permanent magnet, Armature,
Armat Temporary magnet,
A B electromagnet)
01. Potential Difference a. Volt 05. Which one of the followinging is used
u in rear view mirrors?
02. Current b. Ampere
pere (concave mirror, convex nvex mirror,
m biconcave mirror,
03. Charge c. Coulomb
ulomb plane mirror)
04. Resistance d. Ohm 06. Which one of the following ing is employed
e to produce large
16. Correct the following statements: currents commercially?
a. The nuclear fission reactions are known
nown aas the (Magnetic field, Electromagne
omagnetic induction,
thermonuclear reactions. Solar energy, Heating effect)
ffect)
b. The nuclear fission reactions are carried out at 07. An object is placed 25cm m from a convex lens whose
very low temperature. focal length is 10cm. The image
ima distance is ……….
Ans. : a. Nuclear fusion reactions are re kno
known as the (50cm, 16.66cm, 6.66cm, m, 10cm)
10c
thermonuclear reactions. 08. The magnification produced uced by b a mirror is 1/3, then the
b. The nuclear fission reactions are carried out at type of mirror is ………….
very high temperature of 107k (concave, convex, plane, sph pherical)
17. Match A with B 09. An electric motor working ng on AC A does not require …
A B (shaft, iron core, commutator
utator, brushes)
01. a. Resistance 10. A device that reverse thee direction
dire of flow of current is
02. b. LED (armature, brushes, commuta
ommutator, electromagnet)
03. c. P
Plug Key 11. A …………….mirror or lens has ha a negative focal length.
04. d. Battery (concave, convex, plane, e, all)
Ans. :
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Ans. :
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8144445777
Refractive index(6) =
+ 01. Eclectic current through a metallic
meta conductor products a
7×. 9 magnetic field around it. If the current
c flows in one
6= ; = 1.33 (No Unit)
. ×. 9 direction (from X to Y) thee north pole of the compass
Refractive index of water 6 = 133(No unit) needle would move towards rds the east.
05 MARKS QUESTIONS 02. It the current flows in opposite
posite direction (from Y to X) .
We can see that the needle le moves
mo in opposite direction,
01. a. Observe the figure and write down the foll
following that is towards the west.
quantities using Cartesian Sign Conventio
vention. It means that the directionn of magnetic
m field produced by
01. The length of the object AB the electric current dependsds upon
upo the direction of flow of
02. The distance to the image current
03. The focal length of the sphericall mirror 02. a.
Ans. : a.
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Ans. :
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