BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION)

Basic Life Support - an emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both Formatted: Font color: Yellow

and the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available. Formatted: Font color: Yellow

Sudden Cardiac Arrest

o Can happen at any time, to anyone, anywhere without warning;
o Most common mode of death in patients with coronary artery disease;
o Although pre-existing heart disease is a common cause, it may strike people with no history of cardiac
disease or cardiac symptoms;
o In sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death, the heart usually goes into a fatal arrhythmia called
“Ventricular Fibrillation”

Objectives:
● Preserve Life
● Prevent Further harm and Complications
● Seek Immediate Medical Help
● Provide Reassurance

Heart attack - occurs when the blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced causing damage to the
heart muscle and preventing blood from circulating effectively.

First Aid Management

✓ Call the local emergency number immediately.
✓ Have the person stop what he or she is doing and rest comfortably.
✓ Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing.
✓ Closely watch the person until advanced medical personnel take over.
✓ Be prepared to perform CPR and use an AED, if available, once the person loses consciousness and
stops breathing.
✓ Ask the person if he or she has a history of heart disease.
✓ Offer aspirin if it is prescribed by his/her physician for his/her condition and only if he patient can
swallow.
✓ Be calm and reassuring.
✓ Talk to bystanders and if to possible the person to get more information.
✓ Do not try to drive the person to the hospital yourself.

Cardiac arrest
Occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital
organs.

CPR- is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.

Chest Compression Only (Hands-Only CPR)

Continue giving chest compressions until EMS personnel take over or you notice an obvious sign of life, such
as breathing.

When to Stop CPR

Spontaneous signs of breathing and circulation
Turned over to professional provider
Operator is exhausted
Physician assumes responsibility
 Basic Life Support (CPR) Table of Comparison

Action Adult (13 yrs & above Child (1-12 yrs old) Infant (under 1 yrs old)
Compression Area Center of the chest
Depth At least 2 inches 5 cm At least 2 inches 5 cm 1 ½ inches 4 cm
How to compress Heels of 2 hands Heel of 1 or 2 hands 2 fingertips
Compression to 30:2 (1 or 2 rescuers) 30:2 (for 1 rescuer)
Ventilation Ratio 15:2 (for 2 rescuers)
Ventilation Until the chest clearly rise
Number of Cycle 5 Cycles (1 or 2 5 Cycles for 1 rescuer
per 2 minutes rescuers) 10 Cycles for 2 rescuers
Opening of Airway Maximum head tilt- Neutral plus position Neutral position
chin-lift
Ways to Ventilate Mouth to Mouth or Mouth to Mouth or Mouth to Mouth and
the lungs Mouth to Nose Mouth to Nose Nose
Protective equipment to ventilate:
Face Shield; Face Mask and Bag Valve Mask (BVM)
Breaths Normal breath (1 second per breath) enough to make the patient’s chest rise
Rate 24 breaths for 4o breaths for 2 minutes
2 minutes (1 breath every 3 seconds)
(1 breath every 5
seconds)

FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Emergency Care for Conscious Adult/Child

➢ 5 Back blows (Back slap) and 5 Abdominal Thrust (Chest Thrust)
➢ 5 Back blows and 5 chest thrust (Infant)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

➢ Check the Scene (Determine if it’s a witnessed cardiac arrest)

➢ Check Responsiveness (Tap and Shout, “Are you Okay?”)
➢ If no response, have someone Activate Medical Assistance or the Local Emergency Number and get an
AED
➢ Responding with Normal Breathing Monitor and Place to Recovery Position
➢ If no breathing & pulse, perform 30 Compressions and 2 Rescue Breaths
➢ (1 or 2 rescuer CPR) for 5 cycles (2mins) and
➢ Attach AED once available
➢ Re-assess for breathing no more than 10secs. If still no breathing, continue CPR. If AED is used follow
AED prompt. If revive place on recovery position or endorsed patient when professional responders arrive
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management (FBAO) Conscious Victim

➢ Universal Sign of Choking

o Ask are you “OK?”
o “Can you cough?”
o “Can you speak?”
o Can you breathe?”
➢ If can cough; speak; or breathe: Encourage coughing forcefully
➢ Confirm if person is choking
➢ Note: If obvious pregnant or known to be pregnant; or an infant (under age of 1) or obese, give chest
thrust.
➢ Have someone Activate Medical Assistance or the Local Emergency Number and get an AED
➢ Obtain consent
➢ Airway clear: monitor until HELP arrives
➢ Give 5 back blows
➢ If still choking
➢ Airway clear: monitor until HELP arrives
➢ Give 5 abdominal/chest thrust
➢ Still choking repeat process 5 back blows & abdominal/chest thrust
➢ If unconscious perform a modified CPR (follow CPR Algorithm)
➢ Until object is expelled or become unconscious

Rescue Breathing

➢ Check the Scene (Determine if it’s a respiratory arrest)

➢ Check Responsiveness (Tap and Shout, “Are you Okay?”)
➢ Responding with Normal Breathing
➢ Monitor and Place to Recovery Position
➢ If no response, have someone Activate Medical Help or the Local Emergency Number and get an AED
➢ Quick check for airway (head tilt-chin lift), normal breathing or no breathing (look, listen & feel) and
Pulse (carotid or brachial) no more than 10secs.
➢ If no breathing but with pulse, perform 24 breaths for adult/child and 40 breaths for infant in
2minutes
➢ Re-assess for breathing and pulse no more than 10secs. If still no breathing, continue CPR. If AED is
used follow AED prompt. If revive place on recovery position or endorsed patient when professional
responders arrives