R (j/kgK) Cv v1 (m^3/kgT exh res

286.689655 955.632184 0.84903156 911.357909

Intake
P (atm) T (adia) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
1 911.3579 906.2443 2.5792 2.42E-05 6.250E-05
1 607.4082 605.3341 1.7190 4.78E-05 8.250E-05
1 504.5200 503.4748 1.4278 7.13E-05 1.025E-04
1 452.9683 452.4386 1.2819 9.49E-05 1.225E-04
1 422.1248 421.9036 1.1947 1.18E-04 1.425E-04
1 401.6830 401.6661 1.1368 1.42E-04 1.625E-04
1 387.2017 387.3297 1.0958 1.66E-04 1.825E-04
1 376.4525 376.6879 1.0654 1.89E-04 2.025E-04
1 368.1941 368.5122 1.0420 2.13E-04 2.225E-04
1 361.6806 362.0638 1.0236 2.36E-04 2.425E-04
1 356.4363 356.8719 1.0088 2.60E-04 2.625E-04
1 352.1439 352.6224 0.9966 2.83E-04 2.825E-04
1 348.5835 349.0976 0.9865 3.07E-04 3.025E-04
1 345.5978 346.1419 0.9781 3.30E-04 3.225E-04
1 343.0716 343.6409 0.9709 3.54E-04 3.425E-04
1 340.9182 341.5090 0.9648 3.78E-04 3.625E-04
1 339.0714 339.6807 0.9596 4.01E-04 3.825E-04
1 337.4797 338.1049 0.9551 4.25E-04 4.025E-04
1 336.1024 336.7414 0.9512 4.48E-04 4.225E-04
1 334.9070 335.5579 0.9478 4.72E-04 4.425E-04
1 333.8670 334.5283 0.9449 4.95E-04 4.625E-04
1 332.9609 333.6313 0.9423 5.19E-04 4.825E-04
1 332.1709 332.8492 0.9401 5.42E-04 5.025E-04
1 331.4821 332.1673 0.9381 5.66E-04 5.225E-04
1 330.8820 331.5732 0.9364 5.90E-04 5.425E-04
1 330.3602 0.9350 6.13E-04 5.625E-04

Compression
P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
1.0000 330.3602 331.0566 0.9350 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.0762 337.0066 337.6366 0.8863 6.131E-04 5.434E-04
1.1309 341.6853 342.2685 0.8551 6.131E-04 5.243E-04
1.1902 346.5259 347.0607 0.8240 6.131E-04 5.052E-04
1.2549 351.5451 352.0297 0.7928 6.131E-04 4.861E-04
1.3256 356.7618 357.1942 0.7617 6.131E-04 4.670E-04
1.4032 362.1975 362.5755 0.7305 6.131E-04 4.479E-04
1.4887 367.8770 368.1983 0.6994 6.131E-04 4.288E-04
1.5833 373.8290 374.0907 0.6682 6.131E-04 4.097E-04
1.6885 380.0868 380.2859 0.6371 6.131E-04 3.906E-04
1.8062 386.6892 386.8223 0.6059 6.131E-04 3.715E-04
1.9385 393.6822 393.7454 0.5747 6.131E-04 3.524E-04
2.0883 401.1205 401.1093 0.5436 6.131E-04 3.333E-04
2.2592 409.0698 408.9791 0.5124 6.131E-04 3.142E-04
2.4556 417.6098 417.4337 0.4813 6.131E-04 2.951E-04
2.6836 426.8384 426.5701 0.4501 6.131E-04 2.760E-04
 2.9509 436.8776 436.5088 0.4190 6.131E-04 2.569E-04
3.2682 447.8812 447.4024 0.3878 6.131E-04 2.378E-04
3.6502 460.0474 459.4469 0.3567 6.131E-04 2.187E-04
4.1176 473.6361 472.8997 0.3255 6.131E-04 1.996E-04
4.7010 488.9969 488.1069 0.2944 6.131E-04 1.805E-04
5.4467 506.6131 505.5469 0.2632 6.131E-04 1.614E-04
6.4285 527.1773 525.9055 0.2321 6.131E-04 1.423E-04
7.7709 551.7257 550.2084 0.2009 6.131E-04 1.232E-04
9.6997 581.8979 580.0789 0.1698 6.131E-04 1.041E-04
12.6671 620.4893 0.1386 6.131E-04 8.500E-05

Combustion
P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
12.6671 620.4893 734.1407 0.1386 6.131E-04 8.500E-05
15.7776 743.6288 856.0488 0.1334 6.131E-04 8.179E-05
19.1600 867.5589 978.7396 0.1281 6.131E-04 7.857E-05
22.8532 992.4524 1102.3842 0.1229 6.131E-04 7.536E-05
26.9034 1118.5072 1227.1784 0.1177 6.131E-04 7.214E-05
31.3662 1245.9504 1353.3472 0.1124 6.131E-04 6.893E-05
36.3093 1375.0450 1481.1508 0.1072 6.131E-04 6.571E-05
41.8152 1506.0978 1610.8931 0.1019 6.131E-04 6.250E-05
44.7247 1610.8931 1714.6405 0.1019 6.131E-04 6.250E-05
44.6396 1687.2734 1790.2569 0.1070 6.131E-04 6.559E-05
44.5454 1762.9888 1865.2152 0.1120 6.131E-04 6.868E-05
44.4433 1838.0470 1939.5228 0.1170 6.131E-04 7.176E-05
44.3347 1912.4552 2013.1869 0.1221 6.131E-04 7.485E-05
44.2203 1986.2204 2086.2145 0.1271 6.131E-04 7.794E-05
44.1010 2059.3495 2158.6123 0.1322 6.131E-04 8.103E-05
43.9775 2131.8490 2230.3868 0.1372 6.131E-04 8.412E-05
43.8503 2203.7254 2301.5445 0.1422 6.131E-04 8.721E-05
43.7200 2274.9850 2372.0915 0.1473 6.131E-04 9.029E-05
43.5869 2345.6339 2442.0339 0.1523 6.131E-04 9.338E-05
43.4515 2415.6782 2511.3777 0.1573 6.131E-04 9.647E-05
43.3141 2485.1238 2580.1288 0.1624 6.131E-04 9.956E-05
43.1749 2553.9764 2648.2929 0.1674 6.131E-04 1.026E-04
43.0342 2622.2418 2715.8757 0.1724 6.131E-04 1.057E-04
42.8922 2689.9256 2782.8826 0.1775 6.131E-04 1.088E-04
42.7491 2757.0333 2849.3193 0.1825 6.131E-04 1.119E-04
42.6051 2823.5704 0.1876 6.131E-04 1.150E-04

Expansion
P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
42.6051 2823.5704 2799.3347 0.1876 6.131E-04 1.150E-04
35.1532 2692.3328 2669.4095 0.2168 6.131E-04 1.329E-04
29.6884 2580.0430 2558.2426 0.2459 6.131E-04 1.508E-04
25.5304 2482.0547 2461.2341 0.2751 6.131E-04 1.687E-04
22.2738 2395.2227 2375.2704 0.3043 6.131E-04 1.866E-04
19.6632 2317.3246 2298.1514 0.3335 6.131E-04 2.045E-04
17.5298 2246.7353 2228.2679 0.3627 6.131E-04 2.224E-04
15.7583 2182.2318 2164.4095 0.3919 6.131E-04 2.403E-04
 14.2669 2122.8725 2105.6437 0.4211 6.131E-04 2.582E-04
12.9965 2067.9169 2051.2378 0.4503 6.131E-04 2.761E-04
11.9034 2016.7735 2000.6058 0.4795 6.131E-04 2.940E-04
10.9543 1968.9619 1953.2723 0.5087 6.131E-04 3.119E-04
10.1236 1924.0873 1908.8464 0.5379 6.131E-04 3.298E-04
9.3915 1881.8211 1867.0029 0.5671 6.131E-04 3.477E-04
8.7421 1841.8872 1827.4684 0.5963 6.131E-04 3.656E-04
8.1629 1804.0515 1790.0109 0.6255 6.131E-04 3.835E-04
7.6435 1768.1134 1754.4323 0.6547 6.131E-04 4.014E-04
7.1756 1733.9004 1720.5614 0.6839 6.131E-04 4.193E-04
6.7523 1701.2625 1688.2499 0.7131 6.131E-04 4.372E-04
6.3678 1670.0688 1657.3681 0.7422 6.131E-04 4.551E-04
6.0172 1640.2043 1627.8022 0.7714 6.131E-04 4.730E-04
5.6966 1611.5674 1599.4517 0.8006 6.131E-04 4.909E-04
5.4024 1584.0679 1572.2272 0.8298 6.131E-04 5.088E-04
5.1317 1557.6255 1546.0492 0.8590 6.131E-04 5.267E-04
4.8819 1532.1681 1520.8464 0.8882 6.131E-04 5.446E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.6509 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04

Blowdown
P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
4.6509 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.0000 1057.4233 2.9926 1.880E-04 5.625E-04

Exhaust
P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
1.0000 1057.4233 1050.8491 2.9926 1.880E-04 5.625E-04
1.0000 1050.8491 1044.3406 2.9740 1.824E-04 5.425E-04
1.0000 1044.3406 1037.8972 2.9556 1.768E-04 5.225E-04
1.0000 1037.8972 1031.5182 2.9374 1.711E-04 5.025E-04
1.0000 1031.5182 1025.2030 2.9193 1.653E-04 4.825E-04
1.0000 1025.2030 1018.9510 2.9014 1.594E-04 4.625E-04
1.0000 1018.9510 1012.7615 2.8837 1.534E-04 4.425E-04
1.0000 1012.7615 1006.6339 2.8662 1.474E-04 4.225E-04
1.0000 1006.6339 1000.5676 2.8489 1.413E-04 4.025E-04
1.0000 1000.5676 994.5619 2.8317 1.351E-04 3.825E-04
1.0000 994.5619 988.6163 2.8147 1.288E-04 3.625E-04
1.0000 988.6163 982.7301 2.7979 1.224E-04 3.425E-04
 1.0000 982.7301 976.9028 2.7812 1.160E-04 3.225E-04
1.0000 976.9028 971.1338 2.7647 1.094E-04 3.025E-04
1.0000 971.1338 965.4224 2.7484 1.028E-04 2.825E-04
1.0000 965.4224 959.7682 2.7322 9.607E-05 2.625E-04
1.0000 959.7682 954.1705 2.7162 8.928E-05 2.425E-04
1.0000 954.1705 948.6288 2.7004 8.240E-05 2.225E-04
1.0000 948.6288 943.1425 2.6847 7.543E-05 2.025E-04
1.0000 943.1425 937.7111 2.6692 6.837E-05 1.825E-04
1.0000 937.7111 932.3340 2.6538 6.123E-05 1.625E-04
1.0000 932.3340 927.0107 2.6386 5.401E-05 1.425E-04
1.0000 927.0107 921.7405 2.6235 4.669E-05 1.225E-04
1.0000 921.7405 916.5231 2.6086 3.929E-05 1.025E-04
1.0000 916.5231 911.3579 2.5939 3.181E-05 8.250E-05
1.0000 911.3579 2.5792 2.423E-05 6.250E-05

Intake start
P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
1.0000 911.3579 2.5792 2.423E-05 6.250E-05
1 911.3579 2.5792 2.423E-05 6.250E-05

Close T-s cycle

P (atm) T (adia) (K) T (after xfer) v (m^3/kg) mass (kg) V (m^3)
4.6509 1507.6311 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.5018 1459.32585 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.3528 1411.02061 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.2038 1362.71536 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
4.0548 1314.41012 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.9058 1266.10488 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.7568 1217.79963 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.6078 1169.49439 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.4587 1121.18915 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.3097 1072.8839 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.1607 1024.57866 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
3.0117 976.273414 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
2.8627 927.96817 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
2.7137 879.662926 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
2.5646 831.357682 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
2.4156 783.052438 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
2.2666 734.747195 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
2.1176 686.441951 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.9686 638.136707 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.8196 589.831463 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.6705 541.526219 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.5215 493.220975 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.3725 444.915732 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.2235 396.610488 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
1.0745 348.305244 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
0.9255 300 0.9174 6.131E-04 5.625E-04
s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J) • Pressure is assumed constant during intake
1380.4099 • Volume changes from Vc (clearance volume) = Vd/(r-1)
876.3569 2.026E+00 to Vc + Vd = Vd*(r/(r-1)) (where Vd = displacement volume)
645.7900 2.026E+00 in 25 steps of equal volume change
511.8859 2.026E+00 • Heat transfer occurs according to
424.2759 2.026E+00 T (after xfer) = T(adia) + h [T(adia)-T∞]
362.6097 2.026E+00 where h is the "Heat xfer coefficient" and
316.9948 2.026E+00 T∞ is the "Wall temperature"
282.0186 2.026E+00 • Note that this heat transfer is NOT an accurate
254.4621 2.026E+00 representation of real heat transfer since it
232.2880 2.026E+00 it increments according to the volume change,
214.1427 2.026E+00 with no accounting of the variation of time
199.0912 2.026E+00 spent at each volume, varying turbulence levels
186.4666 2.026E+00 and chamber geometry as volume changes, etc.
175.7802 2.026E+00 • In the first row, the initial temperature is
166.6658 2.026E+00 the ambient temperature (Tintake, specified)
158.8434 2.026E+00 if "Exhaust residual" is FALSE" or
152.0954 2.026E+00 the exhaust temperature after expansion,
146.2499 2.026E+00 blowdown, and "intake start" if
141.1694 2.026E+00 "Exhaust residual" is TRUE; the latter
136.7428 2.026E+00 requires iteration since the exhaust
132.8790 2.026E+00 temperature is not know until the end of the
129.5028 2.026E+00 cycle; use Cmd-Opt-s on the Mac to solve
126.5517 2.026E+00 • As the intake progresses, fresh charge at Tin
123.9729 2.026E+00 is mixed with the charge already in the cylinder
121.7221 2.026E+00 according to the simple mixing rule that conserves
119.7612 2.026E+00 the total internal energy of the fresh + existing charge

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J) • Compression is done in two steps:

119.7612 (1) wall heat transfer at constant volume according to
123.4623 -3.4863 the same law as for the intake process
126.3799 -2.3723 (2) isentropic compression according to the usual
129.1843 -2.4946 Pv^gamma relations, with optional irreversibility n_comp
131.8777 -2.6276 • Compression ends at a volume of
134.4624 -2.7727 Vc + Vd*BurnStart
136.9409 -2.9316 where BurnStart is specified above
139.3159 -3.1063 • BurnStart must be ≥ 0, i.e. ignition must start
141.5905 -3.2993 at or before minimum cylinder volume (just a limitation
143.7680 -3.5133 of my way of calculating volumes, not a fundamental
145.8523 -3.7519 limitation of cycles of course)
147.8478 -4.0195 • If BurnStart > 0, some compression will occur during
149.7599 -4.3214 the heat addition step below
151.5947 -4.6643 • Again, volume changes in 25 steps
153.3598 -5.0570
155.0646 -5.5106
 156.7209 -6.0395
158.3435 -6.6635
159.9516 -7.4091
161.5707 -8.3140
163.2348 -9.4319
164.9912 -10.8434
166.9071 -12.6740
169.0817 -15.1289
171.6685 -18.5680
174.9207 -23.6778

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J) T (end gas)

174.9207 620.4893 • In this step, heat generation due to combustion is added in
336.8708 -5.5594 650.4220 25 steps. If Burn Rate Profile = 0, all 25 steps have equal heat rel
472.6785 -6.7441 677.6206 Burn Rate Profile > 0, more heat release occurs at the end of the
589.2321 -8.0348 702.8606 cycle, for < 0, more heat release occurs at the beginning
691.0012 -9.4470 726.6850 Heat is transferred to the wall according to the same law as always
781.0508 -10.9991 749.4998 • If BurnStart > 0 then isentropic compression will continue until th
861.5738 -12.7135 771.6286 minimum cylinder volume (=Vc) is reached
934.1930 -14.6173 793.3439 • Again, the two-step process of heat transfer at constant
998.4752 0.0000 801.7602 volume + isentropic compression is used, but here there is both
1056.5719 16.0353 797.3920 heat transfer to the wall AND heat input due to combustion
1111.7117 15.9773 793.0312 • Heat addition ends at a volume of
1164.1653 15.9188 788.6834 Vc + Vd*BurnEnd
1214.1678 15.8599 784.3533 where BurnEnd is specified above
1261.9249 15.8006 780.0446 • Note there are two stages to heat addition
1307.6175 15.7411 775.7604 (1) Vc + Vd*BurnStart -> Vc
1351.4053 15.6815 771.5033 (2) Vc -> Vc + Vd*BurnEnd
1393.4304 15.6218 767.2754 • If BurnEnd > 0, then of course expansion will occur in conjunction
1433.8196 15.5621 763.0783 with this part of the heat addition
1472.6863 15.5024 758.9136 • BurnEnd must be ≥ 0, i.e. combustion must end
1510.1329 15.4427 754.7823 at or after minimum cylinder volume (just a limitation
1546.2515 15.3831 750.6854 (of my way of calculating volumes, not a fundamental
1581.1258 15.3236 746.6238 limitation of cycles of course)
1614.8317 15.2643 742.5980 • If "Const v comb?" is FALSE, then constant pressure
1647.4384 15.2050 738.6085 combustion is calculated and the parameters BurnStart and BurnEn
1679.0093 15.1460 734.6556 have no effect
1709.6023 15.0871 730.7398

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J)

1709.6023 Expansion to initial volume
1705.5937 62.6961 • Expansion is done in two steps:
1701.1073 52.3629 (1) wall heat transfer at constant volume according to
1696.2631 44.6411 the same law as for the intake process
1691.1438 38.6784 (2) isentropic expansion according to the usual
1685.8089 33.9525 Pv^gamma relations, with optional irreversibility n_exp
1680.3022 30.1265 • Expansion ends at a volume of Vc + Vd = Vd*(r/(r-1))
1674.6574 26.9741 • Again, volume changes in 25 steps
 1668.9006 24.3380
1663.0524 22.1054
1657.1295 20.1938
1651.1457 18.5412
1645.1122 17.1005
1639.0385 15.8351
1632.9327 14.7161
1626.8015 13.7208
1620.6509 12.8305
1614.4859 12.0303
1608.3110 11.3079
1602.1301 10.6529
1595.9466 10.0569
1589.7636 9.5126
1583.5838 9.0139
1577.4097 8.5557
1571.2434 8.1334
1565.0869 7.7433
1565.0869 0.0000 Expansion to initial pressure (if applicable)
1565.0869 0.0000 • Applicable only if "Complete Expansion?" is TRUE,
1565.0869 0.0000 otherwise nothing happens
1565.0869 0.0000 • Expansion is done in two steps:
1565.0869 0.0000 (1) wall heat transfer at constant volume according to
1565.0869 0.0000 the same law as for the intake process
1565.0869 0.0000 (2) isentropic expansion according to the usual
1565.0869 0.0000 Pv^gamma relations, with optional irreversibility n_exp
1565.0869 0.0000 • Expansion ends when the pressure = ambient pressure (Pexh)
1565.0869 0.0000 • Pressures changes in 10 steps in this part

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J)

1565.0869 • Isentropic expansion at constant cylinder volume to
1565.0869 0.0000 a pressure of Pexh
• Assumed to occur instantaneously, so no heat transfer
• Mass is lost (escapes from cylinder)
• Not applicable for complete expansion case

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J)

1565.0869 • Pressure is assumed constant during exhaust stroke
1557.3390 -2.0260 • Volume changes from volume at end of expansion/blowdown
1549.6207 -2.0260 to a volume of Vc in 25 steps of equal volume change
1541.9320 -2.0260 • Wall heat transfer occurs in the usual way
1534.2731 -2.0260
1526.6440 -2.0260
1519.0447 -2.0260
1511.4753 -2.0260
1503.9359 -2.0260
1496.4266 -2.0260
1488.9474 -2.0260
1481.4983 -2.0260
 1474.0795 -2.0260
1466.6910 -2.0260
1459.3328 -2.0260
1452.0050 -2.0260
1444.7077 -2.0260
1437.4408 -2.0260
1430.2045 -2.0260
1422.9988 -2.0260
1415.8238 -2.0260
1408.6795 -2.0260
1401.5659 -2.0260
1394.4830 -2.0260
1387.4310 -2.0260
1380.4099 -2.0260

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J) • This closes the P-V diagram

1380.4099 • If the exhaust pressure Pexh is not equal to the
0.0000 0.0000 intake pressure Pin, (I.e. a throttled or turbo/supercharged
process), an isentropic compression/expansion is
performed to get there
• Assumed to occur instantaneously, so no heat transfer

s-so (J/kg-K) dW (J)

1565.0869 • This closes the T-s diagram
1533.9667 • Shown as dotted on the T-s plot since the gas does not
1501.7989 really go through this process, it is thrown away rather
1468.5104 than cooled off
1434.0204
1398.2388
1361.0652
1322.3868
1282.0767
1239.9910
1195.9662
1149.8148
1101.3210
1050.2342
996.2614
939.0568
878.2087
813.2211
743.4894
668.2662
586.6119
497.3231
398.8238
288.9928
164.8797
22.2069
e) = Vd/(r-1)
splacement volume)

sting charge

according to

versibility n_comp

st a limitation
ndamental

ccur during
 Some volume calculations… T (end gas) ( T (end gas) after loss
ustion is added in 8.500E-05 3.779E-05 3.779E-05 620.4893 618.2844
steps have equal heat release; if 8.179E-05 4.088E-05 1.006E-04 650.4220 647.9178
occurs at the end of the 7.857E-05 4.397E-05 9.415E-05 677.6206 674.8444
t the beginning 7.536E-05 4.706E-05 8.864E-05 702.8606 699.8320
o the same law as always 7.214E-05 5.015E-05 8.370E-05 726.6850 723.4181
sion will continue until the 6.893E-05 5.324E-05 7.915E-05 749.4998 746.0048
6.571E-05 5.632E-05 7.487E-05 771.6286 767.9123
er at constant 6.250E-05 5.941E-05 7.079E-05 793.3439 789.4105
but here there is both 5.929E-05 6.250E-05 6.685E-05 801.7602 797.7426
ue to combustion 5.607E-05 6.559E-05 6.653E-05 797.3920 793.4181
5.286E-05 6.868E-05 6.959E-05 793.0312 789.1009
4.964E-05 7.176E-05 7.266E-05 788.6834 784.7966
4.643E-05 7.485E-05 7.573E-05 784.3533 780.5097
4.321E-05 7.794E-05 7.880E-05 780.0446 776.2441
4.000E-05 8.103E-05 8.187E-05 775.7604 772.0028
3.679E-05 8.412E-05 8.494E-05 771.5033 767.7883
will occur in conjunction 3.357E-05 8.721E-05 8.801E-05 767.2754 763.6026
3.036E-05 9.029E-05 9.108E-05 763.0783 759.4475
2.714E-05 9.338E-05 9.415E-05 758.9136 755.3244
a limitation 2.393E-05 9.647E-05 9.722E-05 754.7823 751.2345
undamental 2.071E-05 9.956E-05 1.003E-04 750.6854 747.1786
1.750E-05 1.026E-04 1.034E-04 746.6238 743.1575
1.429E-05 1.057E-04 1.064E-04 742.5980 739.1720
ers BurnStart and BurnEnd 1.107E-05 1.088E-04 1.095E-04 738.6085 735.2224
7.857E-06 1.119E-04 1.126E-04 734.6556 731.3091
4.643E-06 1.150E-04 1.157E-04 730.7398 727.4324

according to

versibility n_exp
= Vd*(r/(r-1))
according to

versibility n_exp
ient pressure (Pexh)

heat transfer

pansion/blowdown
ume change
bo/supercharged

heat transfer

gas does not

away rather
end gas) after loss Step # Fraction of bu
• The end gas calculation assumes that a small portion 1 0.04
of the total mixture has no heat added to it but undergoes 2 0.08
reversible compression/expansion according due to the pressure 3 0.12
increase/decrease of the rest of the gas in the cylinder 4 0.16
that DOES have heat input due to combustion 5 0.20
• Of course the end gas undergoes heat loss according to 6 0.24
the usual formula 7 0.28
8 0.32
9 0.36
10 0.40
11 0.44
12 0.48
13 0.52
14 0.56
15 0.60
16 0.64
17 0.68
18 0.72
19 0.76
20 0.80
21 0.84
22 0.88
23 0.92
24 0.96
25 1.00
Burn fraction Total burned Fraction of buBurn Rate ProfBurn Rate ProfBurn Rate Profile = 1
0.0400 0.0400 0.04 0.080 0.040 0.000
0.0400 0.0800 0.08 0.157 0.080 0.003
0.0400 0.1200 0.12 0.230 0.120 0.010
0.0400 0.1600 0.16 0.300 0.160 0.020
0.0400 0.2000 0.20 0.367 0.200 0.033
0.0400 0.2400 0.24 0.430 0.240 0.050
0.0400 0.2800 0.28 0.490 0.280 0.070
0.0400 0.3200 0.32 0.547 0.320 0.093
0.0400 0.3600 0.36 0.600 0.360 0.120
0.0400 0.4000 0.40 0.650 0.400 0.150
0.0400 0.4400 0.44 0.697 0.440 0.183
0.0400 0.4800 0.48 0.740 0.480 0.220
0.0400 0.5200 0.52 0.780 0.520 0.260
0.0400 0.5600 0.56 0.817 0.560 0.303
0.0400 0.6000 0.60 0.850 0.600 0.350
0.0400 0.6400 0.64 0.880 0.640 0.400
0.0400 0.6800 0.68 0.907 0.680 0.453
0.0400 0.7200 0.72 0.930 0.720 0.510
0.0400 0.7600 0.76 0.950 0.760 0.570
0.0400 0.8000 0.80 0.967 0.800 0.633
0.0400 0.8400 0.84 0.980 0.840 0.700
0.0400 0.8800 0.88 0.990 0.880 0.770
0.0400 0.9200 0.92 0.997 0.920 0.843
0.0400 0.9600 0.96 1.000 0.960 0.920
0.0400 1.0000 1.00 1.000 1.000 1.000
 F ra c tio n o f fu e l b u rn e d

rn Rate Profile = 1

1.000

0.800

0.600

0.400

Burn Rate Profile =

-1
0.200
Burn Rate Profile = 0
Burn Rate Profile = 1

0.000
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1
Fraction of burn time
Burn Rate Profile =
1
Burn Rate Profile = 0
Burn Rate Profile = 1

0.80 1.00
e
AirCycles4Recips.xls
Written by Paul Ronney, University of Southern California
Last update: 11-Apr-11

History
2/21/2005 First release
2/27/2006 Added burn rate profile, RPM input and net power
3/5/2010 Fixed formula for ideal complete expansion cycle
4/11/2011 Fixed formula for calculating expansion ratio in "real" complete expansion cycle
4/14/2011 Fixed calculation of final volume at end of exhaust process for complete expansion cycle
expansion cycle
 Gas property inputs Intake mixture property inputs
gamma M (kg/mole) f Qr Tintake (K)
1.3 0.029 0.0622 4.45E+07 300

Cycle property inputs

Quasi- Burn end
Vol. comp. Disp. Vol. Engine const v Burn start (fract.
ratio (r) (m^3) speed (RPM) comb? (fract. BTDC) ATDC)
9.00 0.0005 2400 1 0.045 0.105

Calculated results (don't modify these cells!)

Ind. Work (JIMEP (atm) BMEP (atm) Mass burnedHeat in (J) Cutoff ratio
559.58 11.0480 10.0480 6.13E-04 1697.11 1.3529

Compression Combustion Expansion Blowdown Compression

Intake Exhaust Intake start 1 Blowdown
Pressure (atm)

Temperature (K)
2 3 4 5 Close T-s cycle
50.0000 3
6 7 3000.0000
45.0000 P-V diagram T-s diagram
40.0000 2500.0000

35.0000
2000.0000
30.0000

25.0000 1500.0000
20.0000

15.0000 1000.0000

10.0000
500.0000
5.0000

0.0000
0.000E+00 2.000E-04 4.000E-04 6.000E-04 0.0000
Cylinder volume (m^3) 0.0000 500.000
En

const v Complete Ideal

comb? expansion? efficiency
Otto 1 0 0.48271814
Diesel 0 0 0.45730272
Brayton 0 1 0.48271814
Atkinson 1 1 0.60074423
Parameters for Atkinson
4.9936913 H
35.6836235 r_e
 SOLVE
Pin (atm) Pexh (atm) Exhaust residual?
1 1 1 <- if TRUE, press SOLVE button to update solution

Compressi
Burn rate Complete on Expansion Heat xfer
profile expansion? Efficiency efficiency Wall temp coefficient FMEP (atm)
0 0 0.9 0.9 400 0.01 1

Exp. Ratio Brake Eff Ideal eff Power (hp) Tmax (K) Texh (K) Tmax, endgas (K)
9.0000 0.29988 0.4827 13.6476 2823.6 911.4 801.8

Compression Combustion Expansion

Blowdown Intake Exhaust
Close T-s cycle 1 2
3 4 5
0.0000
T-s diagram
0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000
0.0000 500.0000 1000.00001500.00002000.0000
Entropy (J/kg-K)
te solution

max, endgas (K)