Harvard Referencing Instructions
The Source you are How it could be referenced in your
referring to Summary Report
[i.e the way that you refer to sources that
you include in your work within the text
contained in your poster]
Books If you are indirectly quoting [i.e
expressing an authors idea in your own
words] :
Surname of Author[s] (year of publication)
proposed that .....
It has been suggested (Surname of
author[s], year of publication) that ....
There has been many incidences of ...
(surname of author[s], year of publication)
If you are directly quoting the
author[s] [i.e word for word]
“direct quote” (Surname of author[s], year
of publication; page number)
If the publication has two authors
Eg. (Author surname 1 and Author surname
2, 2010)
Or more than two authors
Eg. (Author surname 1 et al, 2010)
How the reference should appear in your reference
list
[NB – pay attention to the punctuation and italics]
Full references of sources used should be listed at the end of
your work as a reference list. This list of references is arranged
alphabetically according to author surname.
If the book has one author:
Author, Initials. (Year of publication) Title of book. Edition.
(only include this if not the first edition) Place of publication
(this must be a town or city, not a country): Publisher.
If there are two authors :
Author, Initials. and Author, Initials. (Year of publication)
Title of book. Edition (only if not the first edition). Place of
publication: Publisher.
If there are more than two authors :
Name of the first author, followed by et al. (Year of
publication). Title of book. Edition (only if not the first
edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
A chapter in a book/text
book As per the ‘book’ examples Chapter Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication).
‘Title of chapter’. In: Author/Editor[s] of the book. Title of
Some books/text books are the book.
made up of chapters written Place of publication: Publisher, page or chapter number(s)
by different authors that of the chapter referred to.
have been edited to make a
whole book by someone else.
So if referring to it in your
poster text you should use
the name of the author of the
chapter being referred to
NOT the editors of the whole
book

Electronic Book [AKA E- As per the ‘book’ examples Author surname, Initials. (year of publication), ‘title of
books] book’ Name of e-book supplier [online] Available at: URL
[accessed: date]

Journal Article As per the book examples Author, Initials. (Year). ‘Title of article’. Full Title of Journal,
Volume number (Issue), Page numbers.
Websites/WebPages
[Including Social Networking
Sites]
(author surname, year of publication)
If there is no author stated;
(Name of organisation, year of publication)
If there is no organisation stated;
Author, Initials. (Year) Title of web document or web page.
[online] Available at: web site address/URL [Accessed
date].
NB: The title of the webpage is usually the main heading or
the title in the URL address in the browser bar

(title of webpage, year of publication)

 You should question whether this is
suitable material for use in academic
work

NB.
DO NOT INCLUDE URL ADDRESSES IN
YOUR TEXT!!!!

When referring to any website in your text

first establish the authorship of the website
[who does it belong to] and the date the
page being used was last amended or
updated [this is the date you should use]

Dates are not always available for web

pages, if this is the case use (n.d.)
n.d. = no date so that the reader knows
you have omitted this element.

Newspaper or Magazine (Author Surname, year of publication) When you can see the authors name:
Article
NB. When one or more articles published in Author, Initials.(Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of
the same year are referred to in-text you newspaper, Day and month, Page reference.
should use a,b,c,d after the year i.e
(2005a)
When you cannot see the authors name:

Government Publications
[e.g. reports]
Market Research Reports
Images from the internet
[NB same format applies to
Pictures, and Photos]
For images/pictures or
photos you find in books
refer to the guidance given
on referencing diagrams
Diagram
[Note the same format
should be applied when using
a table, figure or
Illustration]
(Name of issuing body, year of publication)
(Name of issuing body, year of publication)
Underneath the image
(Source: Surname of author, year of
production)
You might want to add in a caption
describing what the image is
Underneath the diagram
(Source: Author of book, year of
publication; page number)
NB.
If the author themselves has used someone
else’s diagram in their work it becomes a
secondary reference and should be
presented as:
(Source: original author, (year cited) in
author of book, (year of publication); page
Title of newspaper (Year of publication) 'Title of article',
Day and month, Page reference.
If it is an internet edition of a newspaper:
Author. Initials. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Name
of newspaper, Day and month [type of medium]. Available
at: URL (Accessed date)
Name of Issuing Body (Year) Title. Place of publication:
Publisher, Report no. (where relevant), Pages, use p. or pp.
Name of Issuing Body (Year) Title, date if available. Edition (if
available) Place of publication: Publisher.
Artist/Photographer’s name (if known), (Year of
production). Title of image. [type of medium] Available at:
website address/ URL. [Accessed date].
If the author is not known, begin the reference with the
title of the work
Author, Initials. (Year of publication) Title of book. Place of
publication: Publisher. Page number of diagram.
 number)
Blogs
(Name of blogger, year of publication) Author, Initials. (Year) Title of the posting (if applicable). Title of
[Nb. Beware blogs are the site. Weblog [Online] day/month of posting. Available from:
comprised of people’s
opinions on a particular issue
web address. [Accessed date].
or topic these are often not
objective and reasoned – use
these in conjunction with
reputable sources]

You Tube Videos (Username of contributor, year video Username of contributor, (Year video posted). Video Title,
posted) Series Title. (if relevant) [type of medium] Available at:
web site address/URL [Accessed date].
Virtual Learning (Surname of author, year of publication) Author Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) ‘title of item’
Environments Name of academic module [online] available at: URL
(e.g. course [accessed date].
materials/lecture notes
on Sunspace)