Applied Geology (Bs-101) : Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering

Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering,
Dawood University of Engineering.
APPLIED GEOLOGY (BS-101)
Lecture # 01
7/17/2017
www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

tfsiddiqui@duet.edu.pk
COURSE DISCRIPTION-Introduction & Guide to

Applied Geology
Lecture # 01

Agenda:
 Course Description.
 Course Outline.
 Assessment Patterns.
 Objectives of the Subject.
 Introduction to the Geology.
 Introduction to the Geologist.
 Spheres of the Earth.
 Face of the Earth.
 Structure of the Earth.
 Rock Cycle
Lecture # 01

Course Description:
Title of Subject : Applied Geology

Course Code : BS-101
Credit Hours : 3+1 (Theory + Practical)
Marks : Theory: 100 Practical: 50
Minimum Contact Hours : 48 48
Pre-requisites : None
Lecture # 01

Course Outline:
1. Introduction to Geology.
2. Branches of Geology.
3. Its scope & importance in Petroleum industry.
4. Age of earth & place in Universe.
5. Earth, its origin & Composition.
6. Common rock forming minerals.
7. Rock & rock cycle. Weathering & its types,
8. Classification of rocks.
9. The Geologic Time & Unconformity.
10. Theories of tectonics.
11. Geological Phenomena.
12. Geology of Pakistan. Lecture # 01

Assessment Patterns:
For Theory:
Marks 100
10% Attendance/Assignments : 10 Marks
10% Class tests : 10 Marks
80% Semester Examination : 20 Marks Mid Term
60 Marks Final Paper
For Practical:
Marks 50
10% Attendance/Assignments : 05 Marks
30% Lab Work Evaluation/Lab File : 15 Marks
60% Semester Examination : 15 Marks
Viva : 15 Marks Lecture # 01

Objectives:
• To gain elementary knowledge about General Geology.

• To know the need & importance of Geology in Oil & Gas Industry.
• To recognize the Branches of geology.
• To be aware of the Earth Structures and composition.
• To understand the Earth processes - Weathering - Work of rivers,
wind and sea and their engineering importance.
• To Indentify the Geological Processes and their influences.
Lecture # 01

Recommended Books:
Principles of Engineering Geology by K. M. Bangar,

ISBN: 8180141152.
Physical Geology by Anatole Dolgoff, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,

ISBN: 9780669463118.
Lecture # 01

Introduction to Geology:
Geology literally means "study of the Earth.“
It includes the study of;
1. The materials of which it is made.

2. The structure of those materials.
3. the processes acting upon them.
4. the organisms which inhabit our planet.
A very important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials,

structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. Lecture # 01

Introduction to Geologist:
Rocks serve as the archives and Geologist is the one who studies the history of
the earth and its life through these rocks.
Geologists are interested in learning;

1. How the earth was formed?
2. What the earth is made of?
3. How the earth changes?
Lecture # 01

Branches of Geology:
1. Physical geology examines the materials and processes of the Earth.
 Minrology  Structural Geology

 Petrology  Economic Geology
 Gemography
 Engineering Geology
 Geochemistry
 Geophysics  Plate Tectonics
 Sedimentology  Hydrogeology
Lecture # 01

Branches of Geology:
2. Historical geology examines the origin and evolution of our planet

through time.
 Paleontology,
 Stratigraphy,
 Paleogeography,
Lecture # 01

Geology & other Sciences:
Physics
Biology
•Geophysics
•Paleontology
•Seismology
•Paleozoology
Chemistry
•Mineralogy
Astronomy
•Petrology
•Planetary Geology
•Geochemistry
•Helioseismology
Lecture # 01

Early Geology:
1. Catastrophism
James Ussher.
In Mid 1600s
This was generally accepted by both the scientific and religious
communities.
The earth was created at 4004 B.C.
The earth’s landforms were effected in the past by;
1. Sudden,
2. Short-lived,
3. Violent events.
These events are possibly worldwide in scope.
Lecture # 02
7/17/2017

Early Geology:
1. Uniformitarianism
James Hutton.
In late 1700s.
Sometimes described as gradualism.
Slow incremental changes, such as erosion, created all the earth's
geological features.
The same processes that are at work today were at work in the past.
Summarized by “the present is the key to the past.”
Uniformitarianism is a basic foundation of modern geology.
Lecture # 02

Early Geology:
Although
catastrophism
was
abandoned,
there is
certainly
evidence that
sudden events
do occur.
Lecture # 02

Introduction to the Earth
Lecture # 02

Spheres of the Earth:
The Earth is composed of several integrated parts (spheres) that
interact with one another:
1. Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Geosphere
4. Biosphere
Lecture # 02

The Face of the Earth:
Lecture # 02

The Face of the Earth:
 At present, the earth is consists of 12 large semirigid plates.
 Seven of which are major plates on our earth.
 These seven plates account for 94% of the surface area of

earth.
 Plates are of irregular shapes and sizes that move over the
surface, separated by boundaries.
Lecture # 02

Internal Structure of the Earth:
Earth is composed of Layers, which can classified

as;
 Crust
 Mentle
 Core
Or;
 Lithosphere
 Asthenosphere
 Mesophere
 Core
Lecture # 02

The Rock Cycle:
Lecture # 03
8/18/2017

Rock Cycle:
The Rock Cycle is a group of

changes in one type of rock is
transformed into other type.
Lecture # 03

Types of Rocks:
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Lecture # 03

Transformation of Rocks:
Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock.
Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
All of them can also recycled into themselves.
Lecture # 03

Transformation of Rocks:
Lecture # 03

Processes of Rock Cycle:
Heating & Cooling
Weathering & Erosion
Temperature & Pressure
Lecture # 03

Thanks !
Lecture # 03


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Department of Petroleum & Gas Engineering,

Dawood University of Engineering.

APPLIED GEOLOGY (BS-101)

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

COURSE DISCRIPTION-Introduction & Guide to

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Title of Subject : Applied Geology

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

• To gain elementary knowledge about General Geology.

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Principles of Engineering Geology by K. M. Bangar,

Physical Geology by Anatole Dolgoff, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

It includes the study of;

1. The materials of which it is made.

A very important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials,

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Geologists are interested in learning;

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

 Minrology  Structural Geology

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

2. Historical geology examines the origin and evolution of our planet

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Introduction to the Earth

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

 At present, the earth is consists of 12 large semirigid plates.

 Seven of which are major plates on our earth.

 These seven plates account for 94% of the surface area of

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Earth is composed of Layers, which can classified

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

The Rock Cycle is a group of

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.

All of them can also recycled into themselves.

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

Heating & Cooling

Weathering & Erosion

Temperature & Pressure

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

www.duet.edu.pk Tahmina Fatima Siddiqui

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